Suchergebnisse

This study starts from the assumption that intercultural training with literary texts should have a clearly defined position in foreign language teaching and learning, and that this could facilitate the deconstruction of orientalist perspectives in contemporary political and media discourse. However, the marginalisation of intercultural objectives, methodology and methods in curricula, teacher training and course books that themselves reveal orientalist features demonstrate a long-lasting practical negligence in an area that has been at the forefront of foreign language research in the last two decades. In the short and medium term, this enormous gap between theory and practice could partially be addressed by replacing inadequate sections in course books with literary work, using texts such as The Persian Dinner that have been successfully brought into a foreign language environment at Higher Education level in Cambridge. However, intercultural training in other subject areas than foreign languages will have to support this temporary solution until substantially revised curricula and teacher training programmes start guiding authors and publishers to develop more adequate teaching and learning material.

Battle descriptions as literary text: an introduction -- Year Names as Source for Military Campaigns in the Third Millennium BC -- Much Ado about Nothing? Battle Descriptions in Ugaritic Texts -- Victor without Victory? The Lack of Battle Descriptions in the Achaeamenid Empire -- Battle Descriptions in the Hebrew Bible: An Overview with Special Attention to the Book of Joshua.-Plataea, 479 BC -- "Eine Schlacht wie keine andere" – alles nur Literatur, oder was? Agesilaos II., Xenophon und der "Sieg" Spartas in der Schlacht bei Koroneia (14. August, 394 v. Chr.), der vielleicht eher doch eine Niederlage war! -- Parody as a Sign of Generic Consciousness: Battle Descriptions in the Pseudo-Homeric Batrachomyomachia -- The Battle of Gaugamela. A Case Study and Some General Methodological Considerations -- Die "Thermopylenschlacht 2.0" am Persischen Tor (330 v. Chr.) -- Battle Descriptions in Livy's Ab Urbe Condita -- Conversus ad pacem … (Flor. 2.34.65 = 4.12.65) – Battle Descriptions in Florus Reconsidered -- The Impact of Violence as Heroization Technique in Basini's Hesperis, Naldi's Volaterrais and Filelfo's Sphortias -- A Battle of Emperors? Contemporary Poetic and Prose Descriptions of Austerlitz (1805) -- The Impossibility of Deliberate Action in Tolstoy's Descriptions of Battle in War and Peace -- Historical Distance and Literary Re-Presentation. Ancient Battles in German Classical Studies.

Abstract
Feuilleton is a hybrid genre. This genre is important for both literature and journalism because it has literary and journalistic characteristics. There are different opinions about the genre characteristics of feuilleton. So, in studies, it is sometimes characterized only as a journalistic genre. Although some of the studies pay attention to its literary peculiarities, they do not mention its journalistic peculiarities. There are also studies that examine the genre in both literary and journalistic contexts, and such a complex approach is of great importance to the analysis of the genre. Based on the ideas about the hybridity of the genre, our opinion on this matter is that when examining the feuilleton, it is important to thoroughly study it, taking into account the fact that it is a hybrid genre. When conducting research, all features should be studied, no feature should be left out of the study. The artistic colors of feuilleton are distinguished by their realistic and sharp lines. Here, the events are given in all their reality. This is one of the points that form the basis of journalistic works. In this article, the feuilleton genre is examined in the context of literary-journalistic genre; the history of feuilleton, its main features, and its literary and journalistic aspects are studied.

This thesis examines the evolution of personal pronouns from the tenth to the fourteenth centuries, with a particular focus upon the southern literary dialects of that era. The baseline text for this analysis is the Anglo-Saxon poem The Dream of the Rood, although Bright's paradigm of Anglo-Saxon pronouns is also employed. The Owl and the Nightingale (circa 1200), The Fox and the Wolf (circa 1275), Piers Plowman (circa 1375), and Parliament of Fowls (circa 1375) are used to illustrate the changes in the forms of the pronouns over four centuries, Chaucer's Parliament serving to represent the emerging London standard. The results of this line-by-line analysis are presented in paradigms supported by narrative commentary which notes significant changes in pronoun forms from text to text. Texts from the southwestern dialect from 1200 to 1375 were chosen because of the geographic and linguistic correspondence between them and the standard literary dialect of the Anglo-Saxon period, West Saxon. What we see in the analysis of the pronouns from these texts is a continuum of some aspects of the West Saxon dialect: the continual use of the dual case through 1200 (The Owl and the Nightingale), the use of the h- form third person pronouns through 1375 (Parliament of Fowls), and the use of the yogh and the thorn consistently into 1200 (The Owl and the Nightingale), the yogh even being seen in some words as late as Piers Plowman, though intrestingly not in the personal pronouns. At the same time we are beginning to see variations in the pronoun forms anticipating the London standard. The changes in pronouns serve as a microcosm of the larger changes in the language which eventually result in the formulation of the London standard. While a number of the forms remain fairly constant, changing primarily in terms of simplification of spelling and reductions in the number of forms for a given pronoun, these changes illustrate the evolution of the language toward the London standard. The changes in pronouns demonstrate the tendency of the language toward simplification. For example, the number of pronoun forms have decreased from fifty-three in Bright's paradigm to some thirty-four used in Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls. Moreover, the dual case still in evidence in The Owl and the Nightingale (circa 1200) has disappeared by Chaucer's time. By the late fourteenth century, the years of Langland and Chaucer, the secon person plural pronouns forms have been reduced to the y- forms (yow). In the same era, the first person nominative pronoun has largely been simplified to I, although Chaucer occasionally uses the southern ich for emphasis or, as in the Reeve's Tale, ik for charactarization (Fisher 964), both exceptions, however, noteworthy in that they represent conscious variations from the standard. This movement toward simplification and reduction of forms indicates the movement toward a standard dialect.

The research deals with applying to innovative approaches to literary text. Inclusive books for children and ways of working with them at pedagogical faculties are considered. In our research, we will demonstrate the work with such books "Cripple Bunny and his brave mother" by Oksana Drachkovskaya, "Trustees for the Giraffe" by Oksana Luschevska and Yevhenia Haydamaka, "Just because" by Rebecca Elliott, "Magda and her Wind" by Iryna Morykvas, "Planet Willi" by Birta Müller, "Yes! I can!: The girl and her Wheelchair" KendryJ. Barrett, Jacqueline BiuToner, Kler A. Friland, Violet Limey and the trilogy on Pearl of Tuuli Pere. The main heroes of these books are children with disabilities and special educational needs. Narrators mostly are their elder or younger brothers or sisters. The reason of the choosing children's literature on inclusion is that it is modern important literature, which demonstrates the world of children with disability and highlights such serious topics as decease and death. Its aim is to show that variety makes world wonderful and grate. The introduction of holographic design of vita technologies (calligarm, creative games, the pyramid of hero and author) is considered as well, the application of methods of critical thinking (mind-mapping, swot-analysis, six hats, Bloom's taxonomy) in the analysis of fiction is substantiated. Potential online resources helping work with literature are examined. In addition, the possibilities of online resources (rebus, comics' generator, the creating of mind maps, crosswords on different platforms) are determined as important part of the work with text. It has proved that such innovate approaches help to develop creative potential of students, allows analyzing literary text in a new way. Such approaches will be helpful in professional activity of teachers in primary school.

The article analyses the function of titles in a selection of colonial and postcolonial novels in English. By availing herself of the theoretical premises of Jerrold Levinson, John Fisher and S.J. Wilsmore, the author argues that the hermeneutical purpose of titling has in postcolonial literature both an aesthetic impact and a political connotation. In this light, the title becomes a vector of specific postcolonial issues inherent in the text, and denounced by it, by means of which the writer takes a specific position in relation to imperialist ideologies and dominant modes of representation. In such a context, the aesthetic value of the postcolonial text is in the political message it transmits, and the title indeed contributes to strengthen or to focalize the meaning and resonance of this message. Some significant titles of works produced in different geographical contexts and historical periods (Heart of Darkness, A Passage to India, Things Fall Apart, My Place, Where We Once Belonged, Foe, The Lonely Londoners, The Emigrants, Brick Lane, N-W) are examined as representative of a typically postcolonial coincidence of poetic value/political message and they are considered in the light of different levinsonian categories like "undermining titles", "reinforcing titles", "focusing titles", "allusive titles".

Seventeenth-century literature in the Holy Roman Empire has rarely been discussed in general cultural histories about the European Baroque. The dramatic achievements of Shakespeare, Calderon, and Corneille, the inimitable poetry of the Metaphysicals and Marino and the mischievous adventures of the Spanish picaro have long overshadowed the literary accomplishments of the German Baroque. Even today many scholars are still content to dismiss the German seventeenth century as derivative while, in the opposite camp, loyal Germanists currently defend its uniqueness. As is generally known, literary developments in the Empire were slowed by a number of unfortunate circumstances. Geographical, confessional, and linguistic disunity strongly contributed to the parochialism of German Baroque letters. Local literary societies were widely scattered throughout the Empire from Silesia to the Rhine and communication between them was greatly hampered. The lack of a main cultural center similar to the artistic hubs of Paris or London further isolated the writers from each other. In addition, confessional differences not only segregated Catholic and Protestant poets, but also resulted in the simultaneous development of a Batoque Latin and German literature.