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With a two-dimensional concept of "New Public Management" as its point of departure, the article points to the development of a specific Danish model of NPM at the local level of government. In the municipalities the market-oriented NPM dimension has been almost absent & the managerial dimension has been interpreted & translated into a "governance"-oriented model that combines decentralized self- & user-governance from below with centralized goal-steering from above. This combined model institutes new governing roles including a new leadership role for elected councillors as central goal-steering decision & policymakers. Rather than strengthening the local councillors, the new leadership role has turned out to be problematic for the elected councillors. The problems inherent in the new institutional role as goal-steering decisionmakers are discussed & arguments are put forward in favor of a more "governance" & less NPM & government-oriented role for elected councillors. What seems to be needed is another new role that stresses local councillors as co-governors & guardians of an inclusive & democratic form of local governance. 3 Figures, 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

Efficient neuronal function depends on the continued modulation of the local neuronal proteome. Local protein synthesis plays a central role in tuning the neuronal proteome at specific neuronal regions. Various aspects of translation such as the localization of translational machinery, spatial spread of the newly translated proteins, and their site of action are carried out in specialized neuronal subcompartments to result in a localized functional outcome. In this review, we focus on the various aspects of these local translation compartments such as size, biochemical and organelle composition, structural boundaries, and temporal dynamics. We also discuss the apparent absence of definitive components of translation in these local compartments and the emerging state-of-the-art tools that could help dissecting these conundrums in greater detail in the future. ; Acknowledgements This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 657702 for V.R., who was also supported by an EMBO Long-Term Fellowship. Work in the laboratory of E.M.S. is supported by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council, DFG CRC 902 and 1080, and the DFG Cluster of Excellence for Macromolecular Complexes.

The problem of the 'financial sustainability' of individual local councils represents the most significant policy question at issue in contemporary debate on Australian local government. This concern with financial sustainability has not only dominated almost all recent local government conferences across Australia, but it has also formed the capstone of several public inquiries into state local government systems. For instance, at the state level, both the South Australian Financial Sustainability Review Board's (FSRB) (2005) Rising to the Challenge and the Independent Inquiry into the Financial Sustainability of NSW Local Government' s (LGI) (2006) Are Councils Sustainable were centrally occupied with determining the meaning of financial sustainability in Australian local government and developing measures of financial sustainability. Moreover, the Queensland Local Government Association (LGAQ) (2006) Size, Shape and Sustainability (SSS) program, the Western Australian Local Government Association (WALGA) (2006) Systemic Sustainability Study and the Local Government Association of Tasmania (LGAT) (2007) Review of the Financial Sustainability of Local Government in Tasmania had at their core the problem of assessing financial sustainability in their respective local government systems.