Suchergebnisse

Due to the late entry of sustainable development spirit and practices in France, territories, according to their problems and potential, have to face evolving legislative framework and political will for their experiments based on. "Think global, act local" principle seems leading and guiding the action of territories inserted in a global logic which can be exploited by the recognition of skills allocated to local actors. Consequently, a participative culture is gradually emerging through new procedures aiming to be joined all territorial actors in connection with common rules for shaping territory and for the knowledge of local dynamics. What we suggest within a process of territorial intelligence, beyond repetitive call for the participation of civil society, is changing territorial culture. This paradigm of research pre supposes that, prior to the establishment of a communication process as result from a social mediation (A21 neighborhood councils, CIQ, etc.) or socio- technical (municipal newspaper, electronic forum Chat, etc.), the territory should build its "formal capital" (Bertacchini, 2004) enabling local actors to accept common rules and procedures, sharing their skills, mobilize with each other and join all through the territorial project. However, setting up the territorial formal capital constitution requires that local authorities exchanges information on territorial dynamics in action, in addition with a credit value to the exchanged information, including operation of the total amount of "communicative ICT resources" available (Habib & Baltz, 2008). We focus providing knowledge and tools enabling citizens to build their own enlighten opinion and focus on collective learning ( Manin in Sintomer and Talpin, 2011; Urfalino 2005) about logical sustainable Development (Angot, 2013). Our object of research is concerned with territorial authorities of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region involved in a project for sustainable spatial development of the Agenda 21 type (A21), Territorial Energy and Climate Plan Action label (PCET), Global Innovative for the Region (AGIR).This choice allows us to approach sustainable development from the perspective of stakeholder participation through specific participatory approaches (information to consultation), under the paradigm of territorial intelligence and our field research: information and communication sciences. We will furthermore discuss the issue of digital uses within local authorities' organization, production of knowledge contained in digital content and media, and exchanged in different arenas of civil society. ; L'entrée tardive du développement durable en France apporte son lot d'expériences basées sur un cadre législatif en constante évolution et la volonté politique d'orienter les territoires en fonction de leurs problèmes et potentialités. « Penser global, agir local » fait désormais figure de principe pour définir l'action des territoires insérés dans des logiques mondiales mais dont les ressources peuvent être exploitées par la reconnaissance de compétences attribuées aux acteurs locaux. Dès lors, une culture de la participation émerge progressivement au travers de procédures nouvelles vouées à se faire rejoindre l'ensemble des acteurs territoriaux autour de règles communes pour la construction du territoire et en faveur de la connaissance des dynamiques territoriales. Cependant, les multiples injonctions à la participation de la société civile supposent de faire évoluer le territoire dans sa culture, ce que nous proposons par une démarche d'intelligence territoriale. Ce paradigme de recherche suppose donc qu'en préalable à l'établissement d'un processus de communication, issu d'une médiation sociale (Ateliers 21, Conseils de quartier, CIQ, etc.) ou socio-technique (journal municipal, forum électronique, Chat, etc.), le territoire doit constituer son « capital formel » (Bertacchini, 2004) pour permettre aux acteurs locaux d'accepter des règles et procédures communes, d'échanger leurs compétences, de se mobiliser et se rejoindre autour du projet territorial. Or, la constitution du capital formel territorial suppose non seulement que la collectivité échange de l'information sur les dynamiques territoriales à l'oeuvre mais également qu'elle apporte une plus-value à cette information échangée, notamment par l'exploitation de l'ensemble des « ressources communicationnelles des TIC » (Habib & Baltz, 2008). Il s'agit par-là de fournir des connaissances, des outils nécessaires afin que le citoyen se forge une opinion éclairée et mettre l'accent sur l'apprentissage collectif (Manin in Sintomer et Talpin, 2011 ; Urfalino, 2005) de la logique du développement durable (Angot, 2013).Notre objet de recherche s'intéresse aux collectivités territoriales de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte-D'azur engagées dans un projet de développement territorial durable du type Agenda 21, Plan Climat Energie Territorial et label Action Globale Innovante pour la Région (AGIR). Ce choix nous permet d'approcher le développement durable sous l'angle de la participation des acteurs au travers de démarches participatives spécifiques (de l'information à la concertation), au regard du paradigme de l'intelligence territoriale et de notre domaine de recherche : les sciences de l'information et de la communication. Nous aborderons la question des usages numériques au sein des collectivités territoriales, la production de connaissances formulées dans des contenus et supports numériques, diffusées et échangées au sein des différentes arènes de la société civile.

Site web Techniques de l'ingénieur - Ressources documentaires - Innovation - Éco-conception et innovation responsable ; National audience ; Organic farming is growing apace, but little research is specifically dedicated to it in France. The organic approach unites a range of different concepts in an agricultural context dominated by conventional farming and a policy of "agro-ecological transition". Cultivated biodiversity has shrunk by intensification of agriculture for a century, yet is key to the performance of organic systems founded on respect for, and optimization of, natural processes. To overcome the lack of well-adapted, diverse varieties, a collaboration with organic farmers was initiated. This paper describes the experience of these professional "Engineers of Life", and how their activities have evolved, with a look at local food systems and their stakeholders through a transdisciplinary, multi-actor approach. ; L'agriculture biologique connaît un fort développement mais peu de recherches lui sont dédiées en France. La notion d'agriculture biologique regroupe des conceptions très diverses dans un contexte d'agriculture conventionnelle dominante et d'une politique de « transition agroécologique ». La biodiversité cultivée, réduite par l'intensification de l'agriculture, est la clé de la performance des agrosystèmes « bio » basés sur le respect et la maximisation des processus vitaux. Pour pallier le manque de variétés adaptées et diversifiées, une collaboration avec les paysans « bio » a été initiée. Cet article présente les expériences et les évolutions du métier d'«ingénieur du vivant » élargi aux systèmes alimentaires locaux et leurs acteurs, avec une approche transdisciplinaire et multi-acteurs.

Developing local actions: allowing individual talents be expressed and utilised within a strategic framework. The Regional Health Programme of Children and Adolescents in Province Alpes Cote d'Azur (PRSJ), developed between March 1998 and May 1999, is characterised by its scope and complexity. It is more a strategic framework for action than an operational programme. To carry out this action, it was adapted to the level of intervention, on the one hand, using instruments at the regional level adapted for professional interventions, and,on the other hand, through the development of territory-based approaches founded on the creation of networks. Evaluations have shown that the actors found the framework proposed by PRSJ positive and adopted it. They expressed their creativity with more spontaneity in the networks with therapeutic objectives, than those responding to health determinants, which needed initial local support. Local communities appeared as the ideal setting for dissemination and stainability of PRSJ's objectives. PRSJ's strategic framework allowed local actors to express their talent. This mode of action, which accommodates not only programmatic focus within the context of practitioners on the ground, but also, epidemiology and socio-geographic interventions, are pertinent. To go beyond the explicit milestones set by the strategic orientations of the programme, different elements strengthening the framework are highlighted. ; Peer reviewed

National audience ; The short circuits meet in a relevant way the environmental and food challenges of agriculture and territories. However, proximity circuits implementing a partnership between the farmer and an intermediary or provider are relatively unknown and are subject to increasing expectations. In an economic context where certain long value chains are weakened, the cooperation between local economic actors brings hope both at farm and territory levels. Accompanying these new dynamics therefore involves a detailed study of these partnerships. The analysis of a panel of initiatives identified collectively made it possible to apprehend and to decipher the specific points which constitute elements of blocking or vigilance in the field of cooperation. From these elements of analysis and the contribution of legal, sociological and economic expertise, we also identified the key steps, as well as tools and methods to facilitate the construction and support of dynamic multi-actors in the territories. Eventually, a typology of these partnership dynamics has been elaborated and valuation grids generated by these cooperations have been built and tested on a panel of initiatives in order to extract elements of analysis for the economic actors and at the territorial level. ; Les circuits courts font l'objet d'un nombre croissant de travaux en France depuis leur mise à l'agenda politique. Cependant, les circuits courts et de proximité mettant en oeuvre localement un partenariat entre l'agriculteur et un intermédiaire ou un prestataire restent relativement méconnus malgré des attentes croissantes. Dans un contexte économique où certaines filières longues se retrouvent fragilisées, les coopérations entre acteurs économiques locaux sont porteuses d'espoir aussi bien à l'échelle des exploitations que des territoires. L'accompagnement de ces nouvelles dynamiques implique par conséquent une étude fine de ces relations partenariales. L'analyse d'un panel d'initiatives identifiées collectivement au sein du projet INTERVAL a ...

National audience ; The short circuits meet in a relevant way the environmental and food challenges of agriculture and territories. However, proximity circuits implementing a partnership between the farmer and an intermediary or provider are relatively unknown and are subject to increasing expectations. In an economic context where certain long value chains are weakened, the cooperation between local economic actors brings hope both at farm and territory levels. Accompanying these new dynamics therefore involves a detailed study of these partnerships. The analysis of a panel of initiatives identified collectively made it possible to apprehend and to decipher the specific points which constitute elements of blocking or vigilance in the field of cooperation. From these elements of analysis and the contribution of legal, sociological and economic expertise, we also identified the key steps, as well as tools and methods to facilitate the construction and support of dynamic multi-actors in the territories. Eventually, a typology of these partnership dynamics has been elaborated and valuation grids generated by these cooperations have been built and tested on a panel of initiatives in order to extract elements of analysis for the economic actors and at the territorial level. ; Les circuits courts font l'objet d'un nombre croissant de travaux en France depuis leur mise à l'agenda politique. Cependant, les circuits courts et de proximité mettant en oeuvre localement un partenariat entre l'agriculteur et un intermédiaire ou un prestataire restent relativement méconnus malgré des attentes croissantes. Dans un contexte économique où certaines filières longues se retrouvent fragilisées, les coopérations entre acteurs économiques locaux sont porteuses d'espoir aussi bien à l'échelle des exploitations que des territoires. L'accompagnement de ces nouvelles dynamiques implique par conséquent une étude fine de ces relations partenariales. L'analyse d'un panel d'initiatives identifiées collectivement au sein du projet INTERVAL a permis d'appréhender et de décrypter les points spécifiques qui constituent des éléments de blocage ou de vigilance en matière de coopération. A partir de ces éléments d'analyse et de l'apport d'expertise d'ordre juridique, sociologique et économique, les étapes clé ont également été identifiées, ainsi que des outils et méthodes visant à faciliter la construction et l'accompagnement de dynamiques multi-acteurs sur les territoires. Enfin, une typologie de ces dynamiques partenariales a été élaborée et des grilles d'évaluation des plus-values générées par ces coopérations ont été construites et testées sur un panel d'initiatives afin d'en dégager des éléments d'analyse pour les acteurs économiques parties prenantes et à l'échelle des territoires.

After more than two decades of efforts toward peace consolidation, the initial enthusiasm has given way to a more critical (or more "realistic") vision of a liberal program of war-ending efforts. This bibliographic study points out current advances of research on this topic, highlighting a specific perspective: the influence of local actors on the implementation of the liberal program. It draws on a corpus of recent studies that explore the model of peace establishment over the long term through the practice of state-building. The bibliography is organized around the idea of local adaptation of international measures, as well as the idea of "local capture" of the elements of the liberal program. S. Stanton

For a long time, the European Union has not known about the local and regional authorities.However, local and regional level is a real asset to the Union. They become some almost subject of the European Union.Indeed, local and regional authorities currently have significant powers in key sectors such as education, environment, economic development, land use planning, public services and social policies. They implement the European legislation. Therefore, they also help ensure the exercise of European democracy and citizenship.Despite some significant advances in terms of recognizing their role in the European process, their actions are controlled by their national's institutional architecture. And as the Union respects the constitutional autonomy of the Member States, which order their relations with regional and local authorities in different ways, it is really complicated to organize relations between European level and local and regional level.In spite of these impediments, the local authorities succeed in establishing strategies in order to be closely involved in shaping and implementing European strategies.Finally, the local authorities also take part into the construction of a European territory.Indeed, the diversity of the local and regional situations shows that it could be a chance. European policies have to be set up to the disparities and the local level is involved into the European decision making process.By another way, the recognition of the key role played by local and regional authorities in the European Union is developing a multilevel vision in the relations between the European actors. If the member States stay the institutional speaker of the European process, their local authorities succeed in integrating the European level. The multi level governance (MLG) has attracted the European Union. The MLG should coordinate action by the European level, the member states and local and regional authorities.This thesis shows the complicated relations between the European Union and the local ...

For a long time, the European Union has not known about the local and regional authorities.However, local and regional level is a real asset to the Union. They become some almost subject of the European Union.Indeed, local and regional authorities currently have significant powers in key sectors such as education, environment, economic development, land use planning, public services and social policies. They implement the European legislation. Therefore, they also help ensure the exercise of European democracy and citizenship.Despite some significant advances in terms of recognizing their role in the European process, their actions are controlled by their national's institutional architecture. And as the Union respects the constitutional autonomy of the Member States, which order their relations with regional and local authorities in different ways, it is really complicated to organize relations between European level and local and regional level.In spite of these impediments, the local authorities succeed in establishing strategies in order to be closely involved in shaping and implementing European strategies.Finally, the local authorities also take part into the construction of a European territory.Indeed, the diversity of the local and regional situations shows that it could be a chance. European policies have to be set up to the disparities and the local level is involved into the European decision making process.By another way, the recognition of the key role played by local and regional authorities in the European Union is developing a multilevel vision in the relations between the European actors. If the member States stay the institutional speaker of the European process, their local authorities succeed in integrating the European level. The multi level governance (MLG) has attracted the European Union. The MLG should coordinate action by the European level, the member states and local and regional authorities.This thesis shows the complicated relations between the European Union and the local ...

This book is an uncompromising analysis of Senegal's decentralisation policy in rural areas. It discusses the state's inability to promote local development, despite this being its main raison d'?tre in a context of poverty. To identify reasons for the shortcomings, the author goes beyond policy statements and explores, sociologically, the compatibility of the behaviour and the cultural context of actors with the pursuance of local development objectives. Yet, there are indeed solutions to the actors' lethargy and to the weak coverage of the initiatives undertaken. The solutions can be found in the methodical and civic mobilisation around more ambitious actions that are more adapted to receptive localities, though opened to modernity and perfectly anchored in the culture for positive results. Rosnert Ludovic Alissoutin holds a PhD in Law. Since 1995, he has been working as a consultant on development issues in Senegal and Africa, particularly local development issues. The particularity of his approach lies in the rejection of scientific exclusivism and recourse to a multi disciplinary, open and flexible analysis of the complexity of human development. It is this perspective that informed his doctoral thesis on La Gestion de l'eau en milieu aride, which discusses legal, anthropological, geographical, and sociological issues. For additional information on his profile and work, visit his website: http://www.ralissoutin.com.

International audience ; There is a groundswell of opinion that land regulation and local public actors cause supply housing insufficiencies. In contrast to these considerations, this article casts light on the limits of land control by local actors by highlighting the synchronization between, on the one hand, the national investment supply cycles and, on the other, the local housing production cycles. It draws on the quantitative study of new housing development in the Lyon region (2004-2020). ; Un discours répandu fait des politiques foncières locales des freins au développement de l'offre de logements neufs. À rebours de ces considérations, l'étude de la promotion neuve dans la région lyonnaise permet de mettre en évidence des effets de synchronisation entre les cycles de l'offre d'investissement, d'échelle nationale voire internationale, et les cycles de la production de logements neufs à l'échelon local. Ainsi, malgré les contraintes légales et administratives qui encadrent la promotion immobilière, celle-ci reste connectée aux mouvements macroéconomiques, notamment dans des secteurs aussi régulés que les ZAC ou les quartiers de la rénovation urbaine. Ces observations révèlent donc une certaine faiblesse des capacités de maîtrise foncière et immobilière des acteurs publics locaux.

International audience ; There is a groundswell of opinion that land regulation and local public actors cause supply housing insufficiencies. In contrast to these considerations, this article casts light on the limits of land control by local actors by highlighting the synchronization between, on the one hand, the national investment supply cycles and, on the other, the local housing production cycles. It draws on the quantitative study of new housing development in the Lyon region (2004-2020). ; Un discours répandu fait des politiques foncières locales des freins au développement de l'offre de logements neufs. À rebours de ces considérations, l'étude de la promotion neuve dans la région lyonnaise permet de mettre en évidence des effets de synchronisation entre les cycles de l'offre d'investissement, d'échelle nationale voire internationale, et les cycles de la production de logements neufs à l'échelon local. Ainsi, malgré les contraintes légales et administratives qui encadrent la promotion immobilière, celle-ci reste connectée aux mouvements macroéconomiques, notamment dans des secteurs aussi régulés que les ZAC ou les quartiers de la rénovation urbaine. Ces observations révèlent donc une certaine faiblesse des capacités de maîtrise foncière et immobilière des acteurs publics locaux.

International audience ; There is a groundswell of opinion that land regulation and local public actors cause supply housing insufficiencies. In contrast to these considerations, this article casts light on the limits of land control by local actors by highlighting the synchronization between, on the one hand, the national investment supply cycles and, on the other, the local housing production cycles. It draws on the quantitative study of new housing development in the Lyon region (2004-2020). ; Un discours répandu fait des politiques foncières locales des freins au développement de l'offre de logements neufs. À rebours de ces considérations, l'étude de la promotion neuve dans la région lyonnaise permet de mettre en évidence des effets de synchronisation entre les cycles de l'offre d'investissement, d'échelle nationale voire internationale, et les cycles de la production de logements neufs à l'échelon local. Ainsi, malgré les contraintes légales et administratives qui encadrent la promotion immobilière, celle-ci reste connectée aux mouvements macroéconomiques, notamment dans des secteurs aussi régulés que les ZAC ou les quartiers de la rénovation urbaine. Ces observations révèlent donc une certaine faiblesse des capacités de maîtrise foncière et immobilière des acteurs publics locaux.

International audience ; There is a groundswell of opinion that land regulation and local public actors cause supply housing insufficiencies. In contrast to these considerations, this article casts light on the limits of land control by local actors by highlighting the synchronization between, on the one hand, the national investment supply cycles and, on the other, the local housing production cycles. It draws on the quantitative study of new housing development in the Lyon region (2004-2020). ; Un discours répandu fait des politiques foncières locales des freins au développement de l'offre de logements neufs. À rebours de ces considérations, l'étude de la promotion neuve dans la région lyonnaise permet de mettre en évidence des effets de synchronisation entre les cycles de l'offre d'investissement, d'échelle nationale voire internationale, et les cycles de la production de logements neufs à l'échelon local. Ainsi, malgré les contraintes légales et administratives qui encadrent la promotion immobilière, celle-ci reste connectée aux mouvements macroéconomiques, notamment dans des secteurs aussi régulés que les ZAC ou les quartiers de la rénovation urbaine. Ces observations révèlent donc une certaine faiblesse des capacités de maîtrise foncière et immobilière des acteurs publics locaux.

International audience ; There is a groundswell of opinion that land regulation and local public actors cause supply housing insufficiencies. In contrast to these considerations, this article casts light on the limits of land control by local actors by highlighting the synchronization between, on the one hand, the national investment supply cycles and, on the other, the local housing production cycles. It draws on the quantitative study of new housing development in the Lyon region (2004-2020). ; Un discours répandu fait des politiques foncières locales des freins au développement de l'offre de logements neufs. À rebours de ces considérations, l'étude de la promotion neuve dans la région lyonnaise permet de mettre en évidence des effets de synchronisation entre les cycles de l'offre d'investissement, d'échelle nationale voire internationale, et les cycles de la production de logements neufs à l'échelon local. Ainsi, malgré les contraintes légales et administratives qui encadrent la promotion immobilière, celle-ci reste connectée aux mouvements macroéconomiques, notamment dans des secteurs aussi régulés que les ZAC ou les quartiers de la rénovation urbaine. Ces observations révèlent donc une certaine faiblesse des capacités de maîtrise foncière et immobilière des acteurs publics locaux.

International audience ; The energy transition policies are based on standardized instruments that have the effect that acertain homogenization of urban space. From energy transition submitted by economist J. Rifkin(2011), the third industrial revolution, we analyse the transposition a global model at a local level.The comparative analysis of the two Masters plans proposed by J. Rifkin in Rome and Nord-Pasde-Calais region shows 1) a discrepancy between the global and the local operating modelcompared with the involvement of local actors ; and 2) the importance of local actors in theimplementation of this model so that it is not played in a standardized way through the singleapplication of technical measures, and become a real project of territory. ; Les politiques de transition énergétique reposent sur un certain nombre de normes et de solutionstechniques diffusées par des experts internationaux pouvant avoir pour effet la standardisation desmodes de production de la ville. À partir du modèle de transition énergétique proposé parl'économiste J. Rifkin (2011), celui de la « troisième révolution industrielle », cet article analyse latransposition d'un modèle global à l'échelle locale. L'étude comparative des politiques publiquesde transition énergétique de la ville de Rome et de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais à travers leurmasters plans, tous deux réalisés par J. Rifkin, montre l'impact du désajustement entre référentield'actions global et local sur la mobilisation des acteurs locaux, et l'importance du rôle de cesacteurs locaux dans le travail d'appropriation de ces modèles standardisés, afin qu'ils ne soientpas de simples transpositions de solutions techniques mais deviennent de vrais projets deterritoire.