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Key challenge in transitional countries is effective decentralized local governance with strong capacities for dealing with new rural development programming instruments. In this paper we have examined the attitudes of local rural development actors (RDA) in Serbia on rural development policy priorities, in particular their attitudes on beneficiaries of rural development measures, policy objectives, and the most efficient strategies of rural development. We also analysed whether the respondents' attitudes differ depending on the socio-economic characteristic of surveyed regions (South and North of Serbia). Data on attitudes of RDAs were collected through direct survey with representatives of 30 rural communities, and analysed using descriptive statistics methods and Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. Results indicate that respondents' attitudes on rural policy are conservative and oriented towards objectives related to agriculture and interests of farmers and that socio-economic characteristic of the regions contribute to distinction in attitudes of RDAs. ; Ključni izazov za zemlje u tranziciji predstavlja decentralizovana lokalna samouprava sa jakim kapacitetima koji omogućavaju rad sa novim modelima podrške ruralnom razvoju. U radu su istraživani stavovi lokalnih aktera u Srbiji o prioritetima politike ruralnog razvoja, tačnije o prioritetnim korisnicima podrške za ruralni razvoji, prioritetnim ciljevima, kao i najefikasnijim strategijama ruralnog razvoja. Takođe je istraživano da li razlike u odgovorima potiču od socio-ekonomskih karakteristika ispitivanih regiona (Sjever i Jug Srbije). Podaci su prikupljeni putem ankete sa 30 predstavnika lokalnih zajednica, analizirani i interpretirani uz pomoć metoda deskriptivne statistike i Ajzenove teorije planiranog ponašanja. Rezultati ukazuju da su stavovi ispitanika o ruralnim politikama konzervativni i orjentisani ka poljoprivredi i intersima farmera, kao i da razlike u stavovima ispitanika potiču od socio-ekonomskih karakteristika regiona kojima pripadaju.

Key challenge in transitional countries is effective decentralized local governance with strong capacities for dealing with new rural development programming instruments. In this paper we have examined the attitudes of local rural development actors (RDA) in Serbia on rural development policy priorities, in particular their attitudes on beneficiaries of rural development measures, policy objectives, and the most efficient strategies of rural development. We also analysed whether the respondents' attitudes differ depending on the socio-economic characteristic of surveyed regions (South and North of Serbia). Data on attitudes of RDAs were collected through direct survey with representatives of 30 rural communities, and analysed using descriptive statistics methods and Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. Results indicate that respondents' attitudes on rural policy are conservative and oriented towards objectives related to agriculture and interests of farmers and that socio-economic characteristic of the regions contribute to distinction in attitudes of RDAs. ; Ključni izazov za zemlje u tranziciji predstavlja decentralizovana lokalna samouprava sa jakim kapacitetima koji omogućavaju rad sa novim modelima podrške ruralnom razvoju. U radu su istraživani stavovi lokalnih aktera u Srbiji o prioritetima politike ruralnog razvoja, tačnije o prioritetnim korisnicima podrške za ruralni razvoji, prioritetnim ciljevima, kao i najefikasnijim strategijama ruralnog razvoja. Takođe je istraživano da li razlike u odgovorima potiču od socio-ekonomskih karakteristika ispitivanih regiona (Sjever i Jug Srbije). Podaci su prikupljeni putem ankete sa 30 predstavnika lokalnih zajednica, analizirani i interpretirani uz pomoć metoda deskriptivne statistike i Ajzenove teorije planiranog ponašanja. Rezultati ukazuju da su stavovi ispitanika o ruralnim politikama konzervativni i orjentisani ka poljoprivredi i intersima farmera, kao i da razlike u stavovima ispitanika potiču od socio-ekonomskih karakteristika regiona kojima pripadaju.

El presente artículo expone los resultados de parte de la línea de investigación desarrollada por el autor, relacionada con el talento territorial. En esta oportunidad se trabaja la dimensión interpretativa del talento territorial. La pertinencia de la misma está relacionada con la necesidad de dar respuesta a la crisis de paradigmas y modelos que enfrenta la sociedad contemporánea, donde la incertidumbre y la turbulencia de los cambios junto con los efectos de la soledad social imponen actitudes de fragmentación social y de negación de las realidades del entorno del afectado, siendo necesario, en consecuencia, una reingeniería de pensamiento en los actores locales del desarrollo territorial, lo que se denomina en esta publicación desarrollo de la capacidad interpretativa en el talento territorial. El talento territorial es defi nido como el conocimiento distribuido en un territorio, como la presencia protagónica de los actores locales en un territorio con su ética frente a lo cultural, lo ambiental, lo urbano y en la convivencia humana, con sus intereses y motivaciones, sus visiones del desarrollo, su capacidad asociativa, con su liderazgo, su poder de infl uencia, sus competencias y habilidades para la transformación de las realidades territoriales. Además se añade que las dimensiones del talento territorial son: capacidad interpretativa, capital social, capacidad prospectiva, capacidad política, sustentabilidad, capital humano y sentido de la calidad. La metodología asumida en la investigación que se reseña es investigación exploratoria sustentada en bases bibliográfi cas y refl exiones-experiencias del autor sobre el tema abordado de manera inductiva y constructivista. ; This article is part of a series of publications on the territorial dimensions developed by the author, It is based on the interpretive dimension of talent. The relevance of this research is related to the need to respond to the crisis of paradigms and models which assists contemporary society where uncertainty and turbulence of change along with social isolation, imposed attitudes of social fragmentation and denial of the realities of the affected environment and it is necessary, therefore reengineer local actors thought of territorial development, which is referred to in this publication interpretive capacity development in the territorial talent. The territorial talent is defi ned as the knowledge distributed in a territory, as the leading presence of local actors in a territory with its ethical face cultural, environmental, urban and human coexistence, with their interests and motivations, visions of development, its associative capacity with its leadership, with its power of infl uence, with their skills and abilities to transform territorial realities. In addition it adds that talent territorial dimensions are: acting ability, capital, prospective capacity, political capacity, sustainability, human capital and sense of quality. The methodology assumed in the research is exploratory review research is and by bibliographic databases and refl ections-experiences of the author on the research topic addressed in an inductive and constructive manner. ; 131-152 ; juancdula@yahoo.es ; Semestral

Although 98% of Turkey's 3.6 million Syrian refugees live outside camps, municipalities lack formal authority to initiate policies, while receiving no government funding for refugees. Drawing on interpretive policy analysis (IPA), the article unpacks the empirical puzzle of how formally weak local governments respond to refugee needs. IPA expects policy to be constituted through diverse sets of local meanings. Case studies in three districts in Istanbul revealed distinctive local narratives, some of which consolidated the national agenda of 'hospitality' while others focused on equal rights and integration. Municipal narratives reflected particular local contexts, selectively mobilizing deeper governing traditions. Local interpretations were enacted in specific approaches to refugee service delivery. Working with local NGOs, municipalities accessed international funds, despite national government's vociferous critique of EU refugee policy. Even in an increasingly authoritarian setting, refugee policy was being constituted through multiple and contingent processes of local government interpretation. ; This research was funded by British Academy Research Grant NAFR1180177. ; Publisher's Version

Texto da comunicação apresentada a 54th ISA Annual Convention, San Francisco, EUA 3-6 April 2013 ; This paper is a short overview of the research I have been carrying within my PhD project. I am looking for new approaches on how to conceive the ideal of national self-determination in multiethnic communities in which different national groups are spatially intertwined and where there are no direct match between nation and territory. I claim that the current understanding of self-determination, as equivalent to political independence (or external self-determination), is not enough as a step toward the full emancipation of all the members of the community. I intend to explore alternative dimensions of self-determination so this concept can encompass a more inclusive, long-standing and dynamic understanding and sideline a whole set of contradictions which lay at its basis. I sought to avoid a merely political and institutional top-down approach on the protection of minorities, since these do not necessarily include social and economic dynamics which are central for the effective emancipation of individuals. Far from claiming that the political independence of a distinctive community is not an important element for its self-determination, I claim instead that a mere political approach to this concept might represent nothing more than the mere political control of a given territory by a new local elite; that would not add much to the daily lives of the population, even if they formally participate in political processes through regular elections. As to the protection of minorities, the Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM, 1995), within the framework of the Council of Europe (CoE), can be an interesting conventional starting point for my analysis, since it is the first (and the sole so far) international binding document specifically focused on minorities' human rights. The monitoring system of the FCNM includes both state reports and NGO "shadow reports", whose inputs are taken into account when the CoE Committee of Ministers drafts its Resolution on the periodic monitoring cycles. In a first section, I will elaborate a little more on my argument and how I came to question the current practice of self-determination as political independence. The second section will be centered on the CoE and the building up of a European set of conventions, protocols and standard on human rights. Finally, the last section will explore the dialogue between the Republic of Macedonia, the Advisory Committee of the Framework-Convention (ACFC) and the local NGOs, as a platform where these different actors can interact in a horizontal and constructive manner.

International audience ; Inspired by interactionist and constructivist sociology, this paper focuses on the United Nations Security Council as an arena with its own social rules and bureaucratic routines. It presents the informal position that Security Council diplomats delegate to specific members of the council, the position of "leader" when dealing with specific dossiers. Indeed, a change occurred during the 1990s and the early 2000s in how council diplomats considered the task of leading a United Nations peace operation, notably in regard to the use of offensive military. The analysis of this change is documented with empirical material concerning the French leading position in the African Great Lakes region, from Rwanda in 1993 to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003. A second instance of diplomatic leadership considered is the leading role assumed by the British authorities in Sierra Leone (1991-2002). The new "leadership" role calls on United Nations diplomatic leaders to better protect the credibility of "their" peace operations. It sheds a light on the importance of deterring or incentive messages embedded in routine security council decisions and how routine practices may change when facing critical situations.

International audience ; Inspired by interactionist and constructivist sociology, this paper focuses on the United Nations Security Council as an arena with its own social rules and bureaucratic routines. It presents the informal position that Security Council diplomats delegate to specific members of the council, the position of "leader" when dealing with specific dossiers. Indeed, a change occurred during the 1990s and the early 2000s in how council diplomats considered the task of leading a United Nations peace operation, notably in regard to the use of offensive military. The analysis of this change is documented with empirical material concerning the French leading position in the African Great Lakes region, from Rwanda in 1993 to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003. A second instance of diplomatic leadership considered is the leading role assumed by the British authorities in Sierra Leone (1991-2002). The new "leadership" role calls on United Nations diplomatic leaders to better protect the credibility of "their" peace operations. It sheds a light on the importance of deterring or incentive messages embedded in routine security council decisions and how routine practices may change when facing critical situations.

International audience ; Inspired by interactionist and constructivist sociology, this paper focuses on the United Nations Security Council as an arena with its own social rules and bureaucratic routines. It presents the informal position that Security Council diplomats delegate to specific members of the council, the position of "leader" when dealing with specific dossiers. Indeed, a change occurred during the 1990s and the early 2000s in how council diplomats considered the task of leading a United Nations peace operation, notably in regard to the use of offensive military. The analysis of this change is documented with empirical material concerning the French leading position in the African Great Lakes region, from Rwanda in 1993 to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003. A second instance of diplomatic leadership considered is the leading role assumed by the British authorities in Sierra Leone (1991-2002). The new "leadership" role calls on United Nations diplomatic leaders to better protect the credibility of "their" peace operations. It sheds a light on the importance of deterring or incentive messages embedded in routine security council decisions and how routine practices may change when facing critical situations.

The article examines the potential of the scale approach in the analysis of the former socialist dictatorships in Middle- and Middle-East-Europe based on the case of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Obviously, the communist claim to power always relied on highly centralised chains of command. Nevertheless, regional state functionaries were occasionally able to realize their specific interests by scalar strategies like forming horizontal alliances or 'jumping' over the official channels through vertical personal networks. Focussing on processes with different patterns of top-down- and bottom-up-interactions, the scale approach reveals the fragile construction of the GDR's 'Democratic Centralism': By taking responsibility for regional or local interests and trying to streamline them with central politics, state functionaries at the same time stabilized and undermined the political system. Despite gaining temporary leeway for acting in their own interests, regional and local authorities remained bound to the directives from the central leadership till the end of the GDR in 1989/90.

Part 3: Governance, Openess and Institutions ; International audience ; This paper focuses on the seemingly routine but essential aspects of network formation by actors in an E-government context. A qualitative case study is used to explore portal development in public healthcare. The theoretical framework applied is Actor-Network Theory (ANT). The research question is: What factors contribute to the enrolment of strategic local actors in technology development in E-government? The results of the study show that the basic functionalities are of strategic importance for the enrolment of local actors in the portal development and its use. These functionalities act as enrolment devices. In complex environments, critical success factors for network formation require local support based on present usefulness of the functionalities and on long-term project organization that safeguards their future development.

The Amazonian floodplain is among the most productive and diversified ecosystems in the world. The moving littoral enables a rapid nutrient recycling, explaining the large productivity and biodiversity of the system. Attracted by such favourable conditions for agricultural activities and fishing, populations have settled in the floodplains and developed complementary activities to cope with important variations in their environment, between the flood season and the dry season. However, in the past decades, the rhythm of these floodplains has changed, obliging the actors to deal with great uncertainty. Based on several years of hydrological and biogeochemical studies to understand the reasons of these environmental changes, the "life scientists" of our team invited the "social scientists" with the following question: Can the results about the dynamics of these floodplains help local populations better anticipate the future fluctuations of the river and adapt their activities to be less vulnerable to such change? To address this, we first chose to turn the perspective around: what were the preoccupations and strategies of local populations and what did they expect from scientists? The challenge was to enable the perceptions and knowledge of local populations to dialogue with scientific knowledge. Based on a Companion Modelling approach, we engaged a participatory process to collectively discuss the current situation and possible future scenarios. Using a role-playing game as an interface for this dialogue, we have progressively built a model to integrate both the knowledge of the local actors regarding their practices and possible environmental impacts and the knowledge of the scientists on environmental dynamics. This has obliged researchers to learn to work together and simplify their knowledge, and requires finding common points of interest with local populations, translating "biodiversity" into concrete issues that have a meaning for local actors. (Texte intégral)

This is a conference paper. ; Solidarites International (SI), as part of its program "Improving access to safe water for sustainable prevention of Cholera in Kalemie, DRC", supported local actors to establish a partnership in order to ensure efficient management of standpipes. The lack of safe water, which is mainly provided through the piped water scheme, is one of the main causes of the recurrent Cholera outbreaks and standpipes are the main water access points for the most vulnerable communities of the affected areas. The partnership was formally established through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) binding Civil Society Organizations (CSO), Water Service Provider (WSP) and the representative of Government in charge of water regulations at local level. The partnership arrangement resulted in an improvement of the management of the standpipes and led to targeted communities having access to piped water; this improved safe water supply services in Kalemie and certainly contributed to the reduction of Cholera cases.

The Smart City became a dominant discourse as a new approach to mitigate and remedy to current urban and societal problems. Numerous cities are engaged in a Smart City process to address their local challenges. But different actor's appropriations and styles of implementation produce particular territorial and societal developments. This paper questions in an innovative way the actors' appropriation of the Smart City: the phenomenon is considered as an instrument, following the theory of Lascoumes and Le Galès (2007). On basis of an online survey with 193 Belgian respondents, the results of several statistical treatments validate an appropriation of the Smart City between a public policy instrument in one side and a functional instrument in the other side. But across the five categories of actors (Elected politician (1), administrations and public organizations (2), private companies (3), research centers & universities (4) and associations (5)), the Belgian respondents do not fit into one or the other instrument in a monolithic way. The actor's appropriation does not follow a homogeneous trend based on a technical and holistic direction, like it is represented in the literature. ; Peer reviewed

The article shows a strategy for training local actors in the territory of Santiago in the period 2018-2020 as part of a project result Strengthening the capacities of local actors to achieve the inclusion of vulnerable groups in the local development of the Center Cuban and Caribbean Social Studies Dr. José A. Portuondo of the Universidad de Oriente. Based on the elaborated diagnosis of the training, advisory and methodological accompaniment needs in the area of Social Sciences for the governmental work of the Municipal Administration Council, the strategy actions are implemented. We work from an approach of social inclusion of vulnerable groups to local development and with the integrated perspective of integrated community work and various theoretical-methodological tools such as Sociocultural development project methodology, popular education, community communication and participatory self-development. ; El artículo muestra una estrategia de capacitación a actores locales en el territorio santiaguero en el período 2018-2020 como parte de un resultado del proyecto Fortalecimiento de las capacidades de los actores locales para el logro de la inclusión de grupos vulnerables al desarrollo localdel Centro de Estudios Sociales Cubanos y Caribeños Dr. José A. Portuondo de la Universidad de Oriente. A partir del diagnóstico elaborado de las necesidades de capacitación, asesoría y acompañamiento metodológico en el área de las Ciencias Sociales para la labor gubernamental del Consejo de Administración Municipal, se procede a la implementación de las acciones de la estrategia. Se trabaja desde un enfoque de inclusión social de grupos vulnerables al desarrollo local y con la perspectiva integradora del trabajo comunitario integrado y diversas herramientas teórico-metodológicas como la Metodología de proyecto de desarrollo sociocultural, la educación popular, la comunicación comunitaria y el autodesarrollo participativo.

Based on fieldwork conducted in selected migration arrival ports in Greece, Italy, Spain, France, South Africa, and Canada, this research report explores the role of the notion of vulnerability in the field level governance of international protection. Specifically, it explores how key actors and stakeholders in the selected field sites 1) understand and apply the notion of vulnerability, and 2) collaborate to address and reduce vulnerabilities. Particular attention is paid to how field level governance takes into account gender and legal status, and how actors collaborate in regard to mechanisms for identification, access to legal information and assistance, and access to healthcare and shelter. The field level is where global, regional, national and local actors and stakeholders interact in order to implement the international protection regime. A great variety of actors and stakeholders are as such engaged in the field level governance of migration and refugee protection, including notably government agencies, local authorities, civil society organizations, host community members, and migrants. Critically, our research provides opportunities to explore de facto governance responses and how they do or do not reflect formal governance processes - including national legislative frameworks and the global compacts on refugees and migration.