Suchergebnisse

Varieties of modern nondemocratic electoral political regimes is determined by institutional, structural, actor-oriented (procedural) differences between «the new autocracies». The trajectories of political transformation and regime changes in these hybrids depend largely on the specifi c political decisions and actions of key political actors in the process of democratization. This article analyzes the actions of the opposition from the angle of mobilization and cooperation as «winning» tactics in the electoral competitive nondemocratic regimes. The empirical part of the article includes: 1) forming a public protests database in the electoral cycle of 2015 (January-September) in the Central Federal District of Russia, which includes the regional authority elections, members of regional and local legislatures; 2) statistical processing of data of opposition's participation / nonparticipation in public protests, number of protesters, opposition cooperative actions, issues of protests; 3) designing and measuring empirically observable features of protests make it possible to segment the public protest activity into 2 basic parts: civic activity and mobilization activity – and then to analyze the scope of cooperation of various opposition parties in mobilization actions. These results make it possible to answer the following questions: to what extent Russian opposition actors use public protest activity as mobilization resource and to what extent they are prepared for cooperation in a public protest fi eld? ; Многообразие современных недемократических электоральных политических режимов определяется институциональными, структурными, акторскими (процедурными) различиями внутри сообщества «новых автократий». Траектории политических трансформаций и режимных изменений в таких гибридах зависят во многом от конкретных политических решений и действий ключевых для демократизации акторов. В настоящей статье проанализированы действия оппозиции по мобилизации и внутриоппозиционной кооперации как «выигрышной» тактики в электоральных недемократических режимах соревновательного типа. Эмпирическая часть исследования включает: 1) формирование базы данных публичных протестных акций в электоральном цикле 2015 года (январь-сентябрь) в Центральном федеральном округе России, включающем выборы глав ряда регионов, членов региональных и местных легислатур; 2) статистическую обработку данных об участии/неучастии оппозиционных акторов в публичных протестных акциях, количестве участников акций, совместных акциях оппозиции, тематиках акций; 3) конструирование и измерение эмпирически наблюдаемых признаков, что позволило сегментировать публичную протестную активность на 2 базовые части: гражданская активность и мобилизационная активность – и затем определить: какова доля совместного участия различных оппозиционных партий и движений в мобилизационных акциях. Полученные результаты позволяют ответить на вопросы: в какой мере используют российские оппозиционные акторы в качестве мобилизационного ресурса публичную протестную активность и в какой мере они готовы к взаимодействию друг с другом в публичном протестном поле?

The main problems of the modern institution of civil participation in the implementation of local government in Russia have been analyzed in the article. Modern effective tools and processes, in the context of "civil participation" have been described. A number of issues and problems of formation of the institute of local government has been considered The democratic nature of the local government implies, the principle of transparency of the decisionmaking system at the local level and high level of trust of the population to local governments. Based on the study of processes, taking place in the country, as well as the analysis of scientific literature on civil pariticpation issue, the author highlights the factors, influencing the level of public confidence in the activities of local governments and the decision-making process by actors in the process of interaction between the authorities and society, in terms of ensuring the democratic nature of the local power.The aim of the analysis of the process of building the system of local government, under which social activity and civil participation in the implementation of the local government requires an interdisciplinary approach - to develop effective solutions and technologies of work with citizens, local authorities, that will lead to increased transparency in decision-making and enhance public confidence in the local authorities. In consideration, that developed institute of civil participation is a complex institution, which is an indicator of the democratic principle of organization of power, at the same time requiring a more thorough analysis of the type of relationship the actor process of interaction of authorities and society and their objectives, the author puts forward several theories, whereby you can ensure the effectiveness of the process of "participation", in the context of mainstreaming, as described by the author.In the same way modern and effective tools and techniques have been described in the article, the application of which, according to the author, will lead to greater transparency in the work of local government authorities. ; В статье проанализированы основные проблемы современного института гражданского участия в осуществлении местного самоуправления в России. Описаны современные эффективные инструменты и процессы в контексте проблематики гражданского участия. Рассмотрен ряд вопросов и проблем становления института местного самоуправления. Демократический характер исполнения местной власти предполагает принцип прозрачности системы принятия решений на местном уровне и высокий уровень доверия населения органам местного самоуправления. На основании исследования процессов, происходящих в стране, анализа научной литературы по проблематике гражданского участия выделены факторы, влияющие на: уровень доверия населения деятельности органов местного самоуправления; процесс принятия решений акторами процесса взаимодействия власти и общества с точки зрения обеспечения демократического характера осуществления местной власти.Цель анализа процесса построения системы местного самоуправления, в рамках которой социальная активность и гражданское участие требует междисциплинарного подхода, – выработать эффективные решения и технологии работы местной власти с гражданами, что приведет к повышению прозрачности принятия решений и доверия населения к органам местного самоуправления. С учетом того, что развитый институт гражданского участия – сложнейший институт, являющийся показателем демократического принципа организации власти, одновременно требующий тщательного анализа типа отношений акторов процесса взаимодействия власти и общества и их целей, выдвинут ряд теорий, в соответствии с которыми можно обеспечить эффективность самого процесса участия в контексте указанной проблематики.Также в статье описаны современные эффективные инструменты и технологии, применение которых приведет к повышению прозрачности работы органов местного самоуправления.

The article analyzes the political crowdsourcing as a factor of development of municipalities and political culture of participation of the Russian Federation in the framework of the information society. The authors propose to look at the system of local self-government from the point of view of social interests of the local communities. Political crowdsourcing becomes relevant in the system of local government. The basis of the study is a systematic approach that allows viewit modern types and principles of organization of political crowdsourcing at the local level. The primary implementers of political crowdsourcing is the youth as the most active and creative social group. Is offered on the basis of youth organization under the representative body of local samoraneniya the creation of the analytical center for the implementation of political crowdsourcing projects. A variant allows you to develop and maintain a democratic regime in Russia to increase the percentage of civil and political activity, to increase the speed and quality of communication between government and civil society, is most effective to include young people in the political sphere in an attractive form, to establish a school for professional growth of young scientists and politicians.Purpose: identify current types and principles of organization for political crowdsourcing at the local level and developing options for its promotion.Methodology: the authors use a systematic approach, the analysis of modern scientific literature and Internet web sites for political crowdsourcing.Results: defined the modern types and principles of organization of political crowdsourcing at the local level and developed a variant of the analytical center on the basis of youth organization under the representative body of local self-government.Practical implications: the obtained results should apply to political actors at the Federal, regional and municipal levels. ; В статье анализируется политический краудсорсинг как фактор развития муниципальных образований и политической культуры участия в РФ в рамках развития информационного общества. Автор предлагает взглянуть на систему местного самоуправления с точки зрения социальных интересов местных сообществ. Политический краудсорсинг становится актуальным в системе местного самоуправления. Основой исследования выбран системный подход, позволяющий выявить современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне. Основным актором политического краудсорсинга является молодежь как наиболее активная и креативная социальная группа. Предлагается на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления создание аналитического центра для реализации политических краудсорсинговых проектов. Разработанный вариант позволяет развивать и поддерживать демократический режим в России, увеличить процент гражданской и политической активности, увеличить скорость и качество коммуникации между государством и гражданским обществом, наиболее эффективно включить молодежь в политическую сферу в притягательной форме, создать школу профессионального роста молодых политологов и политиков.Цель: определение современных видов и принципов организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработка варианта её продвижения.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались системный подход, анализ современной научной литературы и интернет сайтов по политическому краудсорсингу.Результаты: определены современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработан вариант создания аналитического центра на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять политическим субъектами на федеральном, региональном и муниципальном уровнях.

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The object of this master thesis is the functioning legal system of EU that defines and regulates such a category of intellectual property rights as geographical indications. The goal of the thesis — conduct a comprehensive discussion and provide an overview of the EU regulatory system in the framework of the relevant EU legislature. Main tasks of the thesis: assess the impact of the current GI protection regime in the EU; determine the goals and the vector of further development of GIs; establish the relevance of GIs for European consumers, manufacturers and sellers. The methodology used in the work involves an analysis of the relevant legal framework, which includes international law, functioning on the example of multilateral treaties and bilateral trade agreements, and also European law and established case law, and it also involves a review of the scientific literature regarding GIs. Special attention is paid to EU foreign policy priorities and international relations on the matters of protection of GIs. A specific position in this work is occupied by the study of particular case law and the analysis of empirical data during the application and modification of the concept of GI by European manufacturers, state authorities, the European Court of Justice, and other EU legal institutions. The crucial findings of the study are that the EU seeks to promote quality and innovation in agriculture and pursue successful trade policies both within the European community and worldwide. In this context, GIs play an important role in promoting rural development, increasing the value of traditional agricultural products and producer incomes, preserving cultural and biological diversity, and providing reliable information to consumers. Being collective intellectual property rights, GIs require effective management attainable by the good faith cooperation and interaction between local actors in a joint dialogue with national authorities.

The object of this master thesis is the functioning legal system of EU that defines and regulates such a category of intellectual property rights as geographical indications. The goal of the thesis — conduct a comprehensive discussion and provide an overview of the EU regulatory system in the framework of the relevant EU legislature. Main tasks of the thesis: assess the impact of the current GI protection regime in the EU; determine the goals and the vector of further development of GIs; establish the relevance of GIs for European consumers, manufacturers and sellers. The methodology used in the work involves an analysis of the relevant legal framework, which includes international law, functioning on the example of multilateral treaties and bilateral trade agreements, and also European law and established case law, and it also involves a review of the scientific literature regarding GIs. Special attention is paid to EU foreign policy priorities and international relations on the matters of protection of GIs. A specific position in this work is occupied by the study of particular case law and the analysis of empirical data during the application and modification of the concept of GI by European manufacturers, state authorities, the European Court of Justice, and other EU legal institutions. The crucial findings of the study are that the EU seeks to promote quality and innovation in agriculture and pursue successful trade policies both within the European community and worldwide. In this context, GIs play an important role in promoting rural development, increasing the value of traditional agricultural products and producer incomes, preserving cultural and biological diversity, and providing reliable information to consumers. Being collective intellectual property rights, GIs require effective management attainable by the good faith cooperation and interaction between local actors in a joint dialogue with national authorities.

The article examines the features of social and political factors of the development of civil activity in Russia, its role in political process of the Russian Federation. It examines the main values of Russian society, which provides several interconnected levels of civil participation with their inherent specific characteristics.Conclusions, made in the article, tell about the transformation of civil activity from the local level up to the protest and political participation in the period from 2005 to 2012, about the potential of forms of civil activity. ; В статье рассматриваются особенности социально-политических факторов развития современных форм гражданской активности, их роль в политическом процессе Российской Федерации. Показаны основные ценностные установки российского общества, выделяются взаимосвязанные уровни гражданской активности с присущими им определенными характеристиками.В статье сделаны выводы о трансформации гражданской активности с локально- го уровня до уровня протестно-политической активности в период с 2005 по 2012 г., о сущностном потенциале форм гражданской активности.

The article convincingly demonstrates that Russia is increasingly began to publish monographs lawyers on key legal and psychological phenomena, and in dissertations in the formulation of the provisions on the protection of delatsya criticism of "Westernization" of the state legislation and upheld psychologicaland position. At the same time, critically, it is noted that in the field of legal ideology and policies, and in making innovations in the law still, as in Soviet period, dominated by legal dogma, and psychological realities are taken into account in fragments. The reason for this state of Affairs is that still within the framework of University training and further education of local lawyers, in contrast to international practice, insufficient attention is paid to the development of psychological culture, but in the end no full-fledged dialogue between lawyers and psychologists. Taking into account possibilities of integrative methodology justified the subject of psychological law as an interdisciplinary science and the field of psychological practice focused on the identification of regularities and mechanisms of development of legal awareness and legal existence of various actors in the legal activity aimed at the development of psychologically informed interventions for the improvement of legal ideology and politics, systems of law-making, law enforcement and crime prevention, psycho-technical methods and techniques in activities of law enforcement officials. For constructive development of psychological jurisprudence identified the key areas of research and nodal practicerelevant problems.

International intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations are one of the main actors in fighting against human trafficking. Their activities are based on a human rights-based approach that is focused on the protection of victims of trafficking's rights. The United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union, the OSCE elaborate legal norms which the international community relies on in the field of combating trafficking in human beings. IOM, ILO, UNICEF and a number of other organizations develop new international mechanisms and instruments to prevent human trafficking, labor and sexual ex-ploitation of adults and children. International organizations provide assistance to the Republic of Moldova in the counter-trafficking policy envelopment. Within the framework of inter-national cooperation, the US State Department and the GRETA expert group are carried out monitoring activities on different levels. Potential victims and victims of human trafficking are provided with assistance and protection; informational campaigns are conducted to prevent and combat human trafficking among socially vulnerable groups by International Center "La Strada" and other non-governmental organizations with support of IOM, the OSCE Mission to Moldova, other donors.But to achieve effective results, it is necessary to develop good national policy and unite efforts of governmental and nongovernmental organizations and all interested parties at local, regional and international levels which may ensure the protection of every person affected by human trafficking in accordance with international standards.

The article examines the role of experts and digital technologies in organizing non-hierarchical public communication related to the discussion of common problems. Digital technologies provide openness, which can contribute to the formation of an active position of all participants in the interaction, and vice versa, support the passivity of following a certain expectation, opinion of the authorities or the majority. The diversity of digital platforms and expert opinions presented on them creates conditions for the representation of various positions, which can both preserve and strengthen political and value polarization, and serve as a condition for mediation of experts working for local political consensus. The potential impact of digital technologies becomes relevant both in hierarchical communication, where they are used as a vehicle for management, control and regulation by the authorities, and in non-hierarchical communication. In the latter case, technologies allow to specify the problem, identify unexpected third-party effects, and thus establish a flexible design of governance as a coordination of various actors. ; В статье рассматривается роль экспертов и цифровых технологий в организации неиерархической публичной коммуникации, связанной с обсуждением общезначимых проблем. Цифровые технологии обеспечивают открытость, которая может способствовать как формированию активной позиции всех участников взаимодействия, так и, наоборот, поддерживать пассивность следования определенному ожиданию, мнению власти или большинства. Многообразие цифровых платформ и представленных на них экспертных суждений создает условия для репрезентации различных позиций, что может, как сохранять и усиливать политическую и ценностную поляризацию, так и служить условием посреднической деятельности экспертов, работающих на локальный политический консенсус. Потенциал воздействия цифровых технологий становится актуальным как в иерархической коммуникации, где они используются в качестве проводника управления как контроля и регулирования со стороны власти, так и в неиерархической коммуникации. В последнем случае технологии позволяют специфицировать проблему, выявить неожиданные сторонние эффекты и, тем самым, наладить гибкий дизайн управления как координации различных субъектов.

Central Asian territories are too large and diverse to be ignored by the world's leading actors. Geopolitical and geo-economic interests intersect in this middle space of the Asian part of the world in various ways. The space under consideration has a very large potential for ethnic, resource, political and cultural conflict. Some of them are already underway, but many are still latent and are being held back by external stronger powers. Recently received the independence of the Central Asian countries are faced with a choice of ways of development of their countries. The option proposed by China for the development of TRANS-continental transit routes is very tempting, but carries with it many risks at the same time. Geopolitical and geo-economic problems are analyzed and interests of the main players on the world political map in the considered region are shown. The article substantiates the perspective way of creation of interstate Association on the given ultra-continental space for effective preservation of national sovereignty and culture, integration into the world economy, maintenance of order and security. The importance of the formation of a common socio-economic strategy, taking into account the local characteristics of such a heterogeneous territory, is emphasized. It is impossible to allow excessive competition between the countries of the Central Asian space, otherwise the maximum dividends from the existing advantages of the territories will not be realized and so small opportunities will be scattered. A new innovative way to reconcile the multilateral interests of Central Asia is needed. ; Центральноазиатские территории слишком велики и разнообразны, чтобы остались без внимания ведущих мировых акторов. Геополитические и геоэкономические интересы самым разнообразным способом пересекаются в данном срединном пространстве части света Азии. Рассматриваемое пространство обладает весьма крупным потенциалом возможностей возникновения конфликтов этнического, ресурсно-сырьевого, политического и культурного характера. Часть из них уже сейчас идет, но многие пока носят латентных характер и сдерживаются внешними более сильными державами. Получив недавно независимость страны Центральной Азии стоят перед выбором путей развития своих государств. Предложенный Китаем вариант развития транзитных трансконтинентальных магистралей очень заманчив, но несет с собой одновременно много рисков. Проанализированы геополитические и геоэкономические проблемы и показаны интересы главных игроков на мировой политической карте в рассматриваемом регионе. В статье обосновывается перспективный путь создания на данном ультраконтинентальном пространстве межгосударственного объединения для эффективного сохранения национального суверенитета и культуры, вписывания в мировую экономику, поддержания порядка и безопасности. Подчеркивается важность формирования общей социально-экономической стратегии с учетом местных особенностей столь неоднородной территории. Нельзя допустить излишней конкуренции между странами центраноазиатского пространства, иначе не будут реализованы максимальные дивиденды от существующих преимуществ территорий и распылены итак небольшие возможности. Необходим новый инновационный способ согласования многосторонних интересов Центральной Азии.

The object of this master thesis is a process of forming new ecological policy and waste management system of collecting, recycling and utilization of municipal waste in Ukraine. The main purpose of the theses is to determine features and problems of the functioning of the waste management system in Ukraine in light of the country's obligations resulted from signing of the Association Agreement between European Union (EU) and Ukraine in 2014. The main objectives of the theses are to research world's best practices in waste management, to analyze recycling processes of the system and waste recycling hierarchy options, to research laws and regulations of the EU and Ukraine in waste management to focus on main principles; to make an analyses of the empirical data received from expert interviews to summarize specifics and problems of the whole waste management system. The following methods were used such as analyses of the scientific literature and statistical data as well as laws and regulations and qualitative methods of analyses of expert interviews with state employee of the ecological body and employees of non-government organizations. The following conclusion was made that current ecological policy of Ukraine in regards with waste management system needs a correction in areas of implementation of European ecological standards. Ukraine is in a state of deep structural reforms under a heavy burden of different ecological problems. Current status of the waste management system and its functioning mechanisms do not allow handling constantly increasing volume of waste to make it economically beneficial and to be effective in ecological sense. Utility tariffs for waste management do not cover a fraction of the cost to collect, transport and recycle waste. Collection of waste products is not well coordinated, the lack of a clear division of areas of responsibility between collectors, carriers and those responsible for recycling leads to their demotivation in the qualitative results of each stage of waste treatment, which as a result leads to a small percentage of secondary material resources extracted from waste. In the regions, the problem of collection leads to unauthorized landfills. There is a communications problem between central government, local authorities and general public, when legislation norms and requirements are adopted and then an understanding comes in that neither conditions nor infrastructure readiness can handle these legislation initiatives. General public is not well informed on basics of the ecological policy which is only done by non-government organizations, which is definitely not enough. Low utility rates for waste disposal do not meet the basic principle of the environmental policy on minimizing landfills disposal volumes. The lack of a unified system of accounting for transported and disposed wastes and criteria may be a reason for obtaining the distorted data necessary for further quality planning. The prevention and minimization of waste generation is not considered at the legislative level as apriority principle of environmental policy in the field of waste management. Lack of funding and worn out infrastructure does not allow implementing new recycling technologies in full. Copy and paste approach of the EU ecological legislation does not help to resolve problems in Ukraine. Cohesion policy and integration practices of the EU and Ukraine require thorough planning and precise implementation with performance indicators. Ecological integration must be executed in a framework of current legislation considering current local conditions and practices, the infrastructure status, recommendations of non-government organizations and donors as well as EU experience in implementing such a policy. During five years since Ukraine signed Association Agreement with the EU and its member-states a significant progress was made in coherence policy of the waste management system; however dynamics of positive changes are quit low. The Government in cooperation with NGOs, donors and general public is in a good position to develop ecological norms and requirements and successfully implement it to create mechanisms of stimulus and rationale for all actors of the waste management system in line with EU policy guidelines. The author believes that the results of the study could give useful guidelines to students, researchers, people involved in governance, legislation, management and public policy and whose, whom personal and professional interests lie in the area of ecology, environmental protection and waste management.

The object of this master thesis is a process of forming new ecological policy and waste management system of collecting, recycling and utilization of municipal waste in Ukraine. The main purpose of the theses is to determine features and problems of the functioning of the waste management system in Ukraine in light of the country's obligations resulted from signing of the Association Agreement between European Union (EU) and Ukraine in 2014. The main objectives of the theses are to research world's best practices in waste management, to analyze recycling processes of the system and waste recycling hierarchy options, to research laws and regulations of the EU and Ukraine in waste management to focus on main principles; to make an analyses of the empirical data received from expert interviews to summarize specifics and problems of the whole waste management system. The following methods were used such as analyses of the scientific literature and statistical data as well as laws and regulations and qualitative methods of analyses of expert interviews with state employee of the ecological body and employees of non-government organizations. The following conclusion was made that current ecological policy of Ukraine in regards with waste management system needs a correction in areas of implementation of European ecological standards. Ukraine is in a state of deep structural reforms under a heavy burden of different ecological problems. Current status of the waste management system and its functioning mechanisms do not allow handling constantly increasing volume of waste to make it economically beneficial and to be effective in ecological sense. Utility tariffs for waste management do not cover a fraction of the cost to collect, transport and recycle waste. Collection of waste products is not well coordinated, the lack of a clear division of areas of responsibility between collectors, carriers and those responsible for recycling leads to their demotivation in the qualitative results of each stage of waste treatment, which as a result leads to a small percentage of secondary material resources extracted from waste. In the regions, the problem of collection leads to unauthorized landfills. There is a communications problem between central government, local authorities and general public, when legislation norms and requirements are adopted and then an understanding comes in that neither conditions nor infrastructure readiness can handle these legislation initiatives. General public is not well informed on basics of the ecological policy which is only done by non-government organizations, which is definitely not enough. Low utility rates for waste disposal do not meet the basic principle of the environmental policy on minimizing landfills disposal volumes. The lack of a unified system of accounting for transported and disposed wastes and criteria may be a reason for obtaining the distorted data necessary for further quality planning. The prevention and minimization of waste generation is not considered at the legislative level as apriority principle of environmental policy in the field of waste management. Lack of funding and worn out infrastructure does not allow implementing new recycling technologies in full. Copy and paste approach of the EU ecological legislation does not help to resolve problems in Ukraine. Cohesion policy and integration practices of the EU and Ukraine require thorough planning and precise implementation with performance indicators. Ecological integration must be executed in a framework of current legislation considering current local conditions and practices, the infrastructure status, recommendations of non-government organizations and donors as well as EU experience in implementing such a policy. During five years since Ukraine signed Association Agreement with the EU and its member-states a significant progress was made in coherence policy of the waste management system; however dynamics of positive changes are quit low. The Government in cooperation with NGOs, donors and general public is in a good position to develop ecological norms and requirements and successfully implement it to create mechanisms of stimulus and rationale for all actors of the waste management system in line with EU policy guidelines. The author believes that the results of the study could give useful guidelines to students, researchers, people involved in governance, legislation, management and public policy and whose, whom personal and professional interests lie in the area of ecology, environmental protection and waste management.

Referring to the materials of the uyezd political newspapers Narodny Vestnik, Yeniseysky Vestnik, documents first found in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, and the State Archives of Krasnoyarsk Krai, this article considers a little-studied issue of social history, i.e. the ways in which the principles and mechanisms of implementation of social assistance to the underprivileged groups of the population were formed in the emergency conditions of the Civil War. The analysis is limited to the territory of the Yenisei Province. Referring to it, it is possible to form an idea of how the processes in question took place in the life of such large regions as the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East. The chronological framework of the article includes the period of the Provisional Siberian Government (June-November 1918) and the Russian government of the Supreme Governor Admiral Kolchak (November 18, 1918 — December 1919), which considered the Siberian outskirts a "rescue territory" for the future democratic non-Soviet state. In order to achieve a holistic perception of social assistance practices and provide a basis for further in-depth study in this field, it is essential to determine the main trends of the state policy and the experience of local authorities in the field of social assistance in terms of continuity, interaction of its actors, and the conformity of the results with social expectations. For the purposes of the study, the authors use general research methods and methods of general historical and concrete historical research, the synthesis of the formational, historical-anthropological and activity approaches, and the theory of modernisation. The authors conclude that successful cooperation during the period under review proved impossible for a number of reasons: the lack of financial resources of the anti-Bolshevik governments, the instability of the political and military situation in the region, the absence of specialists in the government who had experience in managing social policy. Neither the Provisional Siberian Government nor the Russian government of the Supreme Governor Admiral Kolchak managed to review the number of socially underprivileged categories of the population, the state did not provide financial support to private and public charitable organisations, the decisions taken were not executed because of an ill-conceived implementation mechanism. The compromise solutions offered by the anti-Bolshevist governments could not satisfy the participants of social relations, which led to the collapse of the government's social cooperation programme. ; В статье на основании материалов уездных общественно-политических газет «Народный вестник», «Енисейский вестник», документов, впервые обнаруженных в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации, Государственном архиве Красноярского края, рассматривается одна из малоизученных проблем социальной истории — как в чрезвычайных условиях гражданской войны формировались принципы и механизмы реализации социальной помощи нуждающимся группам населения. Анализ ограничивается территорией Енисейской губернии, на примере которой можно составить представление о том, как происходили обозначенные процессы в жизни таких крупных региональных единиц как Урал, Сибирь и Дальний Восток. Хронологические рамки статьи включают период действия Временного Сибирского правительства (июнь-ноябрь 1918 г.) и Российского правительства Верховного правителя адмирала Колчака (18 ноября 1918 г. — декабрь 1919 г.), считавших сибирские окраины «территорией спасения» для будущего демократического несоветского государства. С целью достижения целостного восприятия практик социальной помощи и создания основы для дальнейшего углубленного изучения в этой области ставится задача: определить основные тенденции государственной политики и опыт местных властей в сфере социальной помощи с точки зрения преемственности, взаимодействия акторов, соответствия результатов социальным ожиданиям. Решению заявленной задачи способствует применение методов общенаучного, общеисторического и конкретно-исторического исследования, синтез формационного, историко-антропологического и деятельностного подходов, теории модернизации. Делается вывод о том, что успешное сотрудничество в исследуемый период оказалось невозможным в силу ряда причин: дефицита финансовых средств у антибольшевистских правительств, нестабильности политической и военной ситуации в регионе, отсутствия в составе правительств специалистов, обладавших опытом руководства социальной политикой. Ни Временному Сибирскому правительству, ни Российскому правительству Верховного правителя адмирала Колчака не удалось провести учет социально нуждающихся категорий населения, государство не оказывало финансовой поддержки частным и общественным благотворительным организациям, принятые решения не исполнялись из-за непродуманного механизма реализации. Предлагаемые антибольшевистскими правительствами компромиссные решения не могли удовлетворить участников социальных отношений, что привело к краху правительственной программы социального сотрудничества.