Suchergebnisse

The assessment of the role of large cities as hubs of foreign TNCs is of particular importance in economic geography in the context of the formation of global business network structures. Based on the Forbes Global 2000 rating data, the range of presence of the world's largest foreign TNCs' affiliates in the London agglomeration, their industrial and geographic structure, and the pattern of location were assessed. As a result of the analysis, the historical stages of the formation of foreign corporate segment of the city's economy were identified. London is highly attractive for foreign corporations, in their numbers it competes equally with New York and the world's "gateway cities". The maximum number of foreign TNCs' affiliates was recorded in the sphere of financial and professional services, and, to a lesser extent, in mechanical engineering, chemical and mining industries. A relatively narrow geography of corporate links is revealed with a clear dominance of US companies. A pronounced "centric" model of foreign TNCs' affiliates' location is argued with two key clusters - in the City and Westminster areas.

The authors review the topics discussed at the London Book Fair 2018 (April 10-12, 2018), in particular, the publishing industry, statistics, growing audiobooks sales, using big volumes of customer data for increasing profits, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. The printed and digital books have reached some balance, while the future of e-books looks the more complicated from the perspective of copyright, self-publication, open access, piracy, data acquisition, fake news, social networks regulation and new, hidden forms of censorship. The publishing process players believe that lacking e-document rights management instruments (DRM) influences positively on the number of downloads. The authors focus on science and academic publishing issues, digital technologies in publishing. The review of these issues presented by Michael Coleman, Elsevier Publishers' Vice President, President of International Publishers Association, is discussed. Changes of national copyright legislations in several countries are analyzed. The authors emphasize that publishers are responsible for information quality and reliability. Freedom of publications is also discussed. ; Представлен обзор некоторых тем, обсуждавшихся в ходе Лондонской книжной ярмарки (10–12 апр. 2018 г.). В частности, рассматривались проблемы развития издательского бизнеса в целом, статистика его роста, увеличение продаж аудиокниг, использование больших объёмов данных о покупателях для наращивания доходов, применение элементов искусственного интеллекта и технологий блокчейна. Отмечено, что печатные и электронные книги достигли определённого баланса, при этом будущее электронных книг выглядит более сложным. Причины этого – проблемы авторского права, самопубликации, открытый доступ, пиратство, сбор данных, фейковые новости, возможное регулирование социальных сетей и новые, незаметные формы цензуры. Все участники издательского процесса убеждены, что отсутствие средств управления правами на электронные документы (DRM) позитивно сказывается на количестве выгрузок. В Великобритании, по данным компании «Nielsen», продажи аудиокниг удвоились за последние пять лет. На рынке аудиокниг доминируют несколько платформ, в первую очередь Аmazon. Особое внимание уделено проблемам научного и вузовского издательства, внедрению цифровых технологий в издательский процесс. Изложен обзор по этой тематике вице-президента издательства «Elsevier», президента Международной ассоциации издателей Майкла Колмана. Проанализировано изменение национального законодательства по авторскому праву в отдельных странах. Обращено внимание на ответственность издательств за качество и достоверность информации, на проблему свободы публикации.

The ecological notion of resilience has been adopted by different Western theoretical approaches in a wide range of scientific fields from economics to political studies. Canadian ecologist С. Holling defines resilience as a measure of the persistence of systems and of their ability to absorb change and disturbance (dynamic part) and still maintain the same relationships between populations or state variable (static part). The aim of this article is to identify the role of the dynamic dimension in strengthening resilience of British society during the period between the two London terrorist attacks of 2005 and 2017. Methods: The methodology of the paper is based on the discourse analysis of the key British documents on public security and the Internet publications immediately after the tragedy. Considering the theoretical aspect, the author distinguishes 'the bouncing back' approach (emphasizing static dimension), 'complexity' (dynamic) and 'adaptive cycles' being a middle ground. Analysis: Analysis of the key British security documents has shown that the government policy on strengthening resilience failed as it was characterized by an excessive predominance of the static element over the dynamic one. However, during the crisis, the London society managed to respond through specific set of adaptation measures such as grassroots self-organization through social networks, strategies of normalization and the phenomenon of habituation. Results: Results of this paper can be summarized in the following points: D. Chandler's concept of 'complexity' has the significant potential for understanding the effectiveness of counterterrorism strategies and ensuring public security. Russia, also facing the threat of international terrorism, should take into account the negative experience of British colleagues and avoid underestimating the preventive dimension of strengthening resilience.

В фокус статьи помещена личность незаурядной женщины — Ольги Алексеевны Новиковой (1840—1925), практически постоянно с 1875 г. проживавшей в Лондоне, имевшей там популярный в интеллектуальных кругах салон и быстро приобретшей репутацию у английской публики «негласной представительницы России», у политических оппонентов — «члена парламента от России» (Б. Дизра эли), у открытых недругов — «неофициального агента русского правительства в Лондоне» (К. Маркс) и даже — «платного агента русского царизма» (Ф.Энгельс). Показана роль О. А. Новиковой в противодействии русофобским настроениям в Лондоне, в нейтрализации угрозы для России со стороны одной из могущественных стран-соперниц и в улучшении имиджа самой России в Англии. ; The focus of the research is centered on the personality of the extraordinary woman — Olga Alexeevna Novikova (1840—1925), who almost constantly since 1875 lived in London. She had a salon, popular in intellectual circles there, and among British public gained the reputation of the «unofficial representative of Russia», among the political opponents — of the «M. P. for Russia» (B. Disraeli), but among the open foes — of the "secret agent of the Russian government in London» (K. Marx) and even — of the «paid agent of the Russian tsarism» (F.Engels). The role of Novikova in counteracting the russophobic sentiment in London, in neutralizing the threat to Russia by one of the most powerful state-competitor and in improving the image of Russia in England is shown.

At head of title: Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡, Kabinet mezhduna-rodnoĭ politiki. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This research featured the lingua-personolological aspect of linguistic means and speech techniques connected with the use of discrediting strategy in online comments aimed at discrediting the authorities. The study was based on the methods of continuous sampling and linguistic analysis of official Facebook and Twitter pages of the mayors of New York and London. Lowering proved to be the leading strategy used in comments aimed at discrediting the government. The research revealed the prevailing tactics and techniques of the speech strategy for lowering, e.g. "analysis minus", insult, accusation, etc. Internet users appeared to have an individual style and vocabulary choice that depended on various subjective factors. The comments showed little trust for the government, which makes discrediting the authorities an important contemporary issue. ; Данная статья посвящена лингвоперсонологическому исследованию языковых средств и речевых приемов реализации стратегии на понижение в текстах интернет-комментариев. Особое внимание уделено речевой представленности стратегий и тактик, направленных на дискредитацию действующей власти. Основными методами исследования являются метод сплошной выборки и метод лингвистического анализа. Материалом исследования послужили наиболее резонансные публикации мэров Нью-Йорка и Лондона на официальных страницах политиков в социальных сетях Twitter и Facebook и интернет-комментарии пользователей к ним. Ведущей стратегией в рамках дискредитации власти является стратегия на понижение. В результате исследования были определены преобладающие тактики речевой реализации стратегии на понижение и выявлены речевые приемы их воплощения. В качестве ведущих тактик определены тактика «анализ-минус», тактика оскорбления и тактика обвинения. Исследование содержания интернет-комментариев к выступлениям политических деятелей свидетельствует о снижении доверия к власти. Проведенный анализ комментариев показал, что авторы интернет-откликов обладают индивидуальным стилем выражения мысли, обусловленным субъективными факторами и отраженным в соответствующем ситуативном подборе слов и выражений. В связи с этим проблема дискредитации действующей власти представляется значимой.

A History of the Urals by British historian Paul Dukes is the first book to introduce the English-speaking reader to the life of the Urals from Ivan the Terrible to the present day, the characters of the narrative thus being not only Yermak and Tatishchev, but also Trotsky, Yeltsin, and Roizman. Known from his publications of Catherine's Russia and of the USA and the USSR superpowers, among others, Dukes became interested in the Urals through communications with Ural historians. Duke's addressing of their works allows the reader to evaluate the advances in (re)understanding the 1990s-2000s history of the region. Dukes is trying to attack the stereotypical perception of the Urals as just the boundary between Europe and Asia in featuring both the national and global significance of the region. In addition, today, the vertical axis of the "north-south" is much more relevant then the "Europe-Asia" horizontal. Analytically, the history of the Urals is revealed through three waves of Russian modernization, and considering data on governmental control, the exploitation of resources, and the cultural adjustment for each period. There is a noteworthy interplay of regional and national scales in A History of the Urals, to which the comparative observations of the Russian and British empires, and the Soviet and American industrializations are sometimes added. The book envisages the Urals via a set of aligned and brilliantly matched images, from the "Slata baba" (Golden Woman) of ancient maps, to the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, captured by Paul Dukes himself during his recent excursion to the Europe-Asia boundary. © Natalya Veselkova, 2016.