Suchergebnisse

The paper analyzes the experience of people's, infected by HIV, loneliness as an existential category and as a part of all their spectrum of feelings and experiences. The central existential problem for people with HIV-positive status is social and interpersonal isolation, which brings to loneliness. There are no publications that highlight the loneliness of people, who lives with HIV, through the prism of an existential approach. The article also considers the problem of stigmatization, self-stigmatization and isolation of HIV-infected individuals. The situation is aggravated by the fact that terminally ill people not only experience negative emotions, but also realize their own guilt for infecting their illness, feel shame because of the negative social status of the "sinful" disease. People with HIV are a special subculture in our society; they often consider themselves as outcasts. Thanks to this research, the subjective meanings that have people with HIV put into the concept of loneliness are revealed. The author did her own semantic differential, which was helped in finding differences in the experience and understanding of loneliness by hypochondriacal people who are afraid of infecting HIV, as well as persons with a positive HIV status. The results of two groups were statistically handled by using factor analysis. As a result the components of the loneliness category for the control (hypochondriac) and experimental (people infected by HIV) groups were picked out. Eventually, hypochondriacal people actualize loneliness through the following factors: "anxiety-depression", "hopelessness" and "vulnerability". In turn, people with HIV-positive status, see loneliness through: "despair", "disgust" (directed both at oneself and at the outside world), and "rejection". The results can be explained by the fact that persons with HIV infection have already felt the consequences of social isolation and loneliness, therefore they describe themselves as outcasts, despair and disgust both to themselves and to others. While people who only afraid of contracting HIV predict this can lead to anxiety, hopelessness and vulnerability. However, the selected components are rather situational than a priori, so the picture may change somewhat upon repeated investigation.

У статті автор досліджує погляди керівництва ЗОУНР на воєнну операцію щодо можливого переходу Галицької Армії та Дієвої армії УНР у передгір'я Карпат у квітні 1919 р., яку розробили Начальник штабу Начальної Команди Галицької Армії підполковник Віктор Курманович та отаман Фердинанд Льонер. Це питання було предметом обговорення керівництва обох армій на нараді у Здолбунові 11 квітня 1919 р. Автор статті робить висновки, що відхід двох українських армій за Збруч позитивно б вплинув на перебіг військових подій, адже це б призвело до війни між Польщею та більшовицькою Росією, що у кінцевому підсумку збільшило б шанси українців на створення своєї держави. Червона армія у той час мала плани воєнного прориву через Галичину з метою сполучення з комуністичною Угорщиною. Сам же перехід українських армій у передгір'я Карпат давав можливість галицьким та наддніпрянським військовим з часом відновити свою боєздатність. Адже ця місцевість утворювала природні бар'єри у районі Дністра перед переважаючою польською армією. Також українці скоротили б лінію фронту з Польщею.Проте полковник Віктор Курманович та отаман Фердинанд Льонер у своєму воєнному плані не врахували тих фактів, що понад 40-тисячну українську армію важко було б доволі довго прогодувати на невеликій території у передгір'ї Карпат. Також незначною була б мобілізація нових рекрутів. Своїм небажанням з'єднати дві армії у Галичині чи на Наддніпрянщині та поступитись своїми територіями заради інших керівництво УНР та ЗОУНР фактично взяло на себе основ­ний удар більшовицької навали у 1919 р. і захистило від неї Європу. Однак через це небажання українці втратили всі свої землі.У червні 1919 р. план походу Галицької Армії у передгір'я Карпат, який розробили підполковник Віктор Курманович та отаман Фердинанд Льонер, активно реалізовувався під час Чортківської офензиви. Також розглядався українськими військовими під час польсько-української війни у 1920 р. Розглядався він і в переддень переходу уряду ЗОУНР за Збруч. Це засвідчує його ефективність. ; In the article, the author investigates the views of the leadership of the WR UPR on the military operation of the possible transition of the Galician and UPR Armies to the Carpathian foothills in April 1919, which was developed by the Chief of Staff of the Galician Army Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner. This issue was the subject of discussion of the leadership of both armies at the meeting in Zdolbuniv on April 11, 1919.The author concludes that the withdrawal of two Ukrainian armies across the Zbruch would have positively influenced the course of military events, as this would have led to a war between Poland and Bolshevik Russia, which would have ultimately increased the chances of Ukrainians to create their own state. At that time, the Red Army had plans for a military breakthrough across Galicia to connect with the communist Hungary. The transition of the Ukrainian armies to the foothills of the Carpathians could give Galician and Dnieper refugees a chance to restore their combat capabilities over time. After all, this area created natural barriers in the Dniester region before the prevailing Polish Army. Also, Ukrainians would have cut off the front line with Poland.However, Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner in their military plan did not take into account the facts that it would be difficult to provide a longterm food supply for more than 40,000 Ukrainian soldiers in a small territory in the foothills of the Carpathians. Also, the possible low level of mobilization of new recruits was not considered.By their reluctance to unite two armies in Galicia or in the Dnieper Ukraine and give away their territories for the sake of others, the leadership of the WR UPR and the UPR, actually took on themselves the main blow of the Bolshevik invasion in 1919 and defended Europe from it. However, because of this unwillingness Ukrainians had lost all their land.In June 1919, the plan of the Galician Army campaign in the foothills of the Carpathians, developed by Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner, was actively implemented during the Chortkiv offensive. It was also considered on the eve of the WR UPR Government transition across the Zbruch, as well as during the Polish-Ukrainian War in 1920. This confirms the effectiveness of the plan.

The image of the author of artistic works and the image of art, the symbolism of the mystery of creation in Ukrainian emigration poetry, in particular in the works of Igor Kachurovsky, is a special artistic form. Emigrants in the conditions of world democracy observed the influence of totalitarian is montheart of the Ukrainian SSR. They understood that their artist he only opposition tovulgar socialist realism; it saves Ukrainian art, its European quality. Igor Kachurovsky understood this as a writer and as a literary scholar. The study of neoclassical forms of images in the emigrant poetry is temporal. The neoclassical dominants and honor to aesthetics of the world's cultural tradition (from ancient Greek to modern) are Igor Kachurovsky's poetry. The most vividly transmits the image of the author, a pilgrim, a lonere searcher of the world the collection of poems «In a Far Harbor» (1956). The book is dominated by the feeling of creator's loneliness in the background of a constantly changing world, ignoring art. The lyrical hero of the rhymed poems of Igor Kachurovsky felt himself a media of a complex and vividera with the need for a messiah, struggle and truth, opposition to good and evil, fatalism, sin and sacrifice, without soil and love, sin and hatred, immortality and struggle with God, as well as the role of fathers and foreigners for the author. Based on his experience in the Ukrainian SSR, in Europe and in America, the poet created unique figurative and symbolic models of philosophical comprehension of art and authorship, the wrestler and exile. The theme of creativity in his verses is realized through the connection of a prominent individual with nature, with his nativeland and with exotic lands, through the understanding of the opposition of a freeman, a poet and power. And therefore the image of a genius of the nationis the center of the neoclassical philosophy of the author, similarto the Aristotelian and Nietzschean. ; Образ автора мистецьких творів і образ мистецтва, символіка таємниці творення в ...