Suchergebnisse

The article presents modern approaches to the social adaptation of elderly people in inpatient social institutions as part of the creation of a long-term care system.

Social support of older people is given a very great attention. In many countries, older people receive long-term care at home. The long-term care (LTC) is actively developed worldwide over the past 20 years. LTC improves the life quality of older people and people with disabilities. Such system includes medical and social services. Currently, in many OECD countries, from a half to three quarters of older people receive long-term care at home. France is one of those countries in which the social support of older people is given a very great attention. In Russia, long-term care is a task of family. Our country is taking first steps in creation of a long-term care system. It is important to take into account the experience of countries that already have specialized social services for older people with loss of autonomy. A new and important element of the LTC system will be a special scale for determining the level of need for long-term care. Such scale helps to differentiate the needs of each elderly person or person with a disability. This paper analyses the methods of determining the level of need for long-term care, used in France and in Russia and describes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

The results of model simulation of the phosphorus regime and balance in the Ivankovo, Mozhaisk and Istra reservoirs, which carries out seasonal regulation of the Upper Volga runoff and long-term regulation of the Moskva and Istra rivers, are presented. The components of phosphorus balance were calculated using 2-D box model of heat and mass transfer which provides for day-by-day calculation of spatio-temporal distribution of water quality parameters. Phosphorus balance equation accounts for phosphorus input along the rivers and from the side watershed area, phosphorus regeneration from the bottom sediments, water release to the lower pool, and phosphorus removal through water discharge from the Ivankovo reservoir to the Moscow Canal, as well as the annual increase or decrease of phosphorus mass. Calculations refer to an average water year. A comparative analysis of phosphorus balance components in the Ivankovo reservoir and in the reservoirs near Moscow shows that the processes of sedimentation and regeneration of phosphorus from sediments are more intensive in the Ivankovo reservoir. The main discharge of phosphorus to the lower pool is during the spring flood period in the reservoir of seasonal regulation and during the low-water period in the reservoirs of long-term regulation. Scenario calculations provided graphs of the values of phosphorus retention in a reservoir depending on the increasing external phosphorus load.

This text is written in memoriam of Professor A.V. Karelsky. Alongside
the grateful memoirs of the author of the text, the latter provides opinions of some
other philologists about Karelsky as a Teacher, Lecturer, Translator, as well as a Man
and a Poet.

This article considers the autonomy at work trends in Russia for more than 15 years on the basis of monitoring data "Social differences in modern Russian society". A degree and characteristics of autonomy in work depend on external conditions and are manifested differently in different periods. The 1990s are a watershed of these periods. The established trends in the degree of manifestation of different types of autonomy in work are shown. There is a marked contradiction between the assessment of their autonomy and limiting framework of its manifestation: in comparison with 2015, in 1999, employees evaluated it significantly higher. This can be explained by adaptation to changing conditions of work and employment. At the same time, the organization of the workplace, according to the estimates of workers, does not give great opportunities to show their autonomy. This trend has been observed throughout the years of the survey. Meanwhile, workers are noticeably more likely to feel the insignificance of their level of autonomy. The study confirmed the relationship of autonomy in labour relations with professional status: a high level of power, education, well-being. There is a decrease in autonomy of the heads of organizations and managers of the lower level. Working conditions are also important: forms of employment, contract, remuneration. Personal characteristics associated with attitudes to change in their lives, play a role. The influence of age and sex is not so significant. Trends in the situation of self-employment are noted: the growth of the scale, professional and qualification compliance. This confirms the assumption that compulsion characterizes self-employment to a lesser extent than in the 1990. It is concluded that autonomy in work is a characteristic of a more privileged social position of workers, as well as emerging social groups of self-employed.

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

The decisions made in 2018 related to raising the retirement age in Russia, in conjunction with previously adopted measures, created opportunities for pensions to rise above inflation and stabilize the ratio of pensions to wages until 2028.

In the present article some forecasts of technological, political, as well as social and economic development of the world are presented in a systematic manner. The author presents short-term (10-15 years), medium-term (20-50 years) and long-term (50-100 years) forecasts which are based on the theories of long cycles and related technological modes, as well as on the theories of production principles and production revolutions.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of introducing innovative technologies in the clinical and psychological diagnostics and rehabilitation. The results of the study of provocation of bodily sensations during the self-regulation task using biofeedback are discussed. The most important issue of the effectiveness of rehabilitation using technical tools related to the identification of possible complications and the description of the mechanisms of their occurrence is also considered. The program for diagnostics of short-term spatial memory violations using the virtual reality system (VR) is described. A scenario of patient interaction with VR is proposed for diagnosing the extent of memory volume disorders, as well as memory impairment. It also describes unique diagnostic protocols for detecting of vestibular dysfunction. A distinctive feature of the proposed technique is the applying of VR environments specifically adjusted for a particular patient, as well as the using of the eye tracking as a method of building rehabilitation technology.

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most difficult cognitive tasks where the comprehension, processing and production of speech occur almost at the same time. In addition to linguistic competencies, simultaneous interpreting involves many cognitive mechanisms, including working memory (WM). One of the main issues in studying the correlation of simultaneous interpreting and WM is confirming the hypothesis about the interpreters' advantage in working memory (controversial data are presented), as well as identifying its cause — if it is a natural phenomenon or acquired by virtue of learning certain skills and professional experience. The purpose of this article is to analyze a number of works that reflect longitudinal studies of working memory in students studying simultaneous interpreting. This approach to the study of WM among simultaneous interpreters is relatively new and still relevant. Usually, such studies compare students at the beginning and at the end of their training, while control groups may or may not be included.
As for the results of longitudinal studies, the following fact can be noted: the advantage of interpreting students is not observed at the very beginning of training. The rest of the results are very inconsistent. Thus, some works demonstrate indicators in favor of WM improvement, while others cast doubt on this. Also, short-term memory can be measured in parallel with WM at the beginning and end of training, but not all research is able to confirm its improvement in simultaneous interpreters after training. The main reasons for the conflicting results lie in the different samples of participants and control groups, as well as varying methods of conducting memory tests. It seems promising for future longitudinal studies to take into account the experience and errors of previous experiments, in order to be able to present subsequent meta-analyses and identify the statistical significance of the results.

The paper investigates the mid-term results of the tariff regulation influence on the amount of capital expenditures in Russian electricity distribution sector. We estimate panel data with the dynamic investment model using system GMM method. We showed that horizon of tariff regulation period is statistically significant and transition from the short-term regulation to the long-term tariff system had positive effect on the amount of regulated companies' investments. At the same time we found that the design of long-term regulation applied in Russia in 2009–2013 (type of RAB-regulation and long-term indexation) was not statistically significant to the amount of investments. All over all, the amount of investments in electricity distribution networks has similar to European peers explanatory factors. The obtained results are important to the further improvement of regulation in power energy and can be applied in district heating as well.