Suchergebnisse

This book focuses on Arab youth marginalization along intersectional lines of gender, ethnicity and social class in four cities: Jerusalem, Amman, Cairo, and Tunis. The author explores how the political and economic climates in each city influence the life prospects of youth and uncovers their narratives around their aspirations, disappointments and life choices. Providing an interdisciplinary approach, the project will interest a wide range of audiences including graduate students, scholars, and policy makers in the fields of the Middle Eastern studies, political science, urban studies, and education. Rawan Asali Nuseibeh is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Educational Research, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

The current degree of politicization & civil military conflict is argued to be nearly unprecedented in Venezuela's recent democratic history. The expansion of the role of Venezuelan Armed Forces since the election of Chavez suggests that civilian control in Venezuela has been eliminated, & has produced critiques of the danger of expanding military role at the same time as dismantling institutional mechanisms of civilian control. The civil and military institutions of the Fourth & Fifth Republics are described as a settling into a dysfunctional though stable pattern in the 1980s that was transformed by Chavez's attempt to control Armed Forces personally by manipulating assignments & promotions. The civilians faced a divided yet politically significant military that demonstrated a high tolerance for government quasi-repressive activities, as exemplified in the use of armed forces in internal security roles during the 63 days of a general strike in December 2002. A broad expansion of the military's participation in government policymaking & implementation, combined with the elimination of institutions of containment & oversight, indicates that Venezuela's institutions of civilian control have unraveled. The reorientation of security forces toward internal roles & missions has been a leading indicator of civil military conflict & authoritarian rules in many states. The Venezuelan Armed Forces are predicted to remain at the center of a tug-of-war between the opposition and send government, and thus will continue to hatch pro-& anti- Chavez conspiracies, resulting in highly politicized & less professional Armed Forces, & a headache for future administrations. References. J. Harwell

Studie über die Funktion der arbeitslosen und unterbeschäftigten Teile des städtischen Proletariats im Prozeß der kapitalistischen Akkumulation am Beispiel Mexikos. Kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Marginalitätsbegriff unter Bezugnahme auf das marxistische Konzept der industriellen Reservearmee. Übersicht über ihre Stellung in der Reproduktion und Zirkulation und Betrachtung der empirischen Befunde aus der Sicht der Krisentheorie

Notes that the inevitable consequence of authoritarianism was and remains, the net-widening process of criminalization. The focus on violence, often exaggerated through sensationalist media reporting, "makes it easier to mobilize popular measures of support for containment". The assertion is that criminalization does not happen in a vacuum. Each definitional moment in the roll call of acts ascribed meaning as crimes has to be interpreted and analyzed in its historical, social, political, and economic context. Thus, criminalization is influenced by contemporary politics, economic conditions, and dominant ideologies, reflecting and responding to the determining contexts of social class, gender, sexuality, race and age. (Original abstract - amended)

"Drawing from extensive fieldwork in three countries, this book explores how African urban youth navigate citizenship through daily experiences, relationships, and political engagement. Privileging the voice and agency of Africa's young people, it shows how identity is negotiated across religious, gender, economic, and regional distinctions"--

The law & order rhetoric of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's first New Right administration in GB is reviewed, showing how it led to an increase in authoritarianism, government regulation, &, consequently, the criminalization of a broad variety of "deviant" behaviors. Ways that criminalization is a function of contemporary political, economic, & social conditions are described, highlighting the dominant ideologies that justify differential policing & punishment of "marginal" individuals & groups; parallels are drawn to the situation that began during the Ronald Reagan administration & its "war on crime" in the US. In the late 1990s, the passage of the UK's Crime & Disorder Act & the empowering of local authorities & police to use Antisocial Behaviour Orders against any acts they consider "antisocial" continued the government's authoritarian position toward crime, allowing them to disproportionately target the underclass & minorities. It is argued that such measures, which have become the cornerstone of the reform of the British youth justice system, have resulted in a focus on "at-risk" groups using untested & vague criteria, including some "criminogenic risk factors" that have been previously discredited. It is concluded that the official rhetoric of increased responsibility & youth crime prevention cloak an almost "evangelical commitment to discipline, regulation, & punishment" that ignores the social, political, & economic contexts of "antisocial" behavior & the real causes of crime, ie, social exclusion & economic marginalization. 55 References. K. Hyatt Stewart