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NPS NRP Executive Summary ; Report Type: Final Report ; Project Summary: The primary goal of this project was to develop data sets and tools to facilitate coastal marine spatial planning (CMSP) for the U.S. Pacific islands. We have identified and collected over 200 datasets into a comprehensive data portal organized into the sub-regions of American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands, and Hawaii, and further organized by data categories. We have also developed several types of geographic information systems (GIS) mapping applications in order to help government agencies, stakeholders, and the general public visualize and use the data. We have also documented and organized the datasets in order to facilitate a smooth transition to a final hosting and managing site. We have coordinated and collaborated with the Pacific Islands Regional Planning Body to help in their efforts in CMSP. ; MARFORPAC ; NPS-18-M261-A ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This viewpoint paper explores the potential of genomics technology to provide accurate, rapid, and cost efficient observations of the marine environment. The use of such approaches in next generation marine monitoring programs will help achieve the goals of marine legislation implemented world-wide. Genomic methods can yield faster results from monitoring, easier and more reliable taxonomic identification, as well as quicker and better assessment of the environmental status of marine waters. A summary of genomic methods that are ready or show high potential for integration into existing monitoring programs is provided (e.g. qPCR, SNP based methods, DNA barcoding, microarrays, metagenetics, metagenomics, transcriptomics). These approaches are mapped to existing indicators and descriptors and a series of case studies is presented to assess the cost and added value of these molecular techniques in comparison with traditional monitoring systems. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are suggested for how such methods can enter marine monitoring programs in a standardized manner.

MARECOS (Marine Ecosystem Services) er et tværfagligt studie, der har haft til formål at tilvejebringe information vedrørende kortlægning og værdisætning af økosystemtjenester, som kan anvendes i forbindelse med udformning af regulering på det marine område såvel nationalt, som regionalt og internationalt. Denne rapport indeholder forslag til, hvordan opgørelser af økosystemers tilstand baseret på EU's Havstrategidirektiv (EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive, MSFD), samt opgørelser baseret på anvendelse af HELCOM's indikatorer for Østersøen, kan anvendes i forbindelse med kortlægning og værdisætning af økosystemtjenester. Rapporten indeholder:  Definitioner og beskrivelser af centrale begreber i forhold til opgørelse af økosystemtjenester, Forslag til, hvordan marine økosystemtjenester kan opgøres.  Eksempler på, hvordan MSFD deskriptorerne og indikatorerne relateret til opgørelse af miljøtilstand kan kædes sammen med udvalgte økosystemtjenester, samt hvordan disse data kan anvendes i forbindelse med opgørelser af økosystemtjenester.  Præsentation og diskussion af resultater fra værdisætningsstudier, som kan anvendes i forbindelse med opgørelser af økosystemtjenester i praksis.  En diskussion af, hvor der er behov for yderligere viden i forhold til værdisætning af økosystemtjenester, samt i forhold til deskriptorer og indikatorer for god miljøtilstand.  Et case‐studie, der demonstrerer, hvordan rekreation (som repræsenterer en kulturel økosystemtjeneste) kan værdisættes. Rapporten beskriver de potentialer, der ligger i at sammenkæde data og viden relateret til vandkvalitet og tilstanden af marine økosystemer med værdien af de økosystemtjenester, som de marine økosystemer tilvejebringer. Rapporten indeholder dermed information af relevans for politikere og beslutningstagere involveret i reguleringen af det marine område.

"August 1995"--Bk. 4. ; Shipping list no.: 96-0074-P (bk. 4). ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Bk. 4. SSGT-GYSGT, individual combat basic tasks. ; Mode of access: Internet.

(Statement of Responsibility) Connie B. Garrett. ; (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 5). ; Florida Geological Survey open file report number 57

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 5). ; Florida Geological Survey open file report number 57 ; (Statement of Responsibility) Connie B. Garrett.

The importance of stakeholder involvement in marine spatial planning was assessed in a Maltese Marine Protected Area (MPA) through a questionnaire survey of six main stakeholder groups, namely governmental authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), bus and boat trip operators, dive centres and small business owners. The questionnaires revealed the different views of the stakeholder groups based on their interest in the Dwejra MPA, conflicts among users, environmental concerns, and also helped identification of potential management measures. Interests differed among stakeholders, but response rates were highest for questions related to economic and environmental concerns. Two additional existing data sets, one on marine habitat distribution and one on fishing activities in the MPA were included in a spatial analysis of conflicts identified through the questionnaire. A major conflict exists between stakeholders engaged in fishing and diving activities, due to overlap of activity ranges in the relatively small MPA. The number of ongoing activities was highest during the months April to October, which results from the high influx of tourists during the summer months, favourable weather conditions, and the fact that fishers are more active during this period. Environmental NGOs considered the number of tourists visiting the MPA to be too high, and a similar perception was expressed by most stakeholders with regards to the number of divers. Fifteen management measures which may be used to improve regulation of human activities in the area were identified, including the introduction of a visitor fee. This suggestion was favoured by NGOs, government authorities, and most dive centres interviewed, but opposed by bus and boat trip operators, as well as by small business owners. A zonation plan was considered beneficial by most interviewees, with the results of the statistical analyses indicating no significant difference among the responses given by the different stakeholder groups. A comparison between a zonation scheme developed by the Maltese national government, the San Lawrence local council, and the NGO Nature Trust in 2005, and a second draft scheme prepared by the Professional Diving Schools Association, which was presented during the stakeholder interviews carried out as part of the present study in 2014, showed partial overlap of conservation measures. However, the 2005 zonation plan is more comprehensive since it takes into account available data on benthic habitats and includes measures to protect sensitive habitats and species. ; peer-reviewed

The main theme of this dissertation is a challenge to the traditional paradigm of optimal control for the management of renewable resources. That is not to say that optimization should not be the goal but rather, previous modeling and policy have presumed that managers have greater control and knowledge of marine systems than is the case. All models make simplifying (and false) assumptions but assuming control and knowledge in marine systems is not benign. In a dynamic control problem, one must actually control the variable of interest and know or learn the system's parameters. I discuss reasons why managers may not control harvests and cannot know system parameters and consider possible remedies to the historically sub-optimal management of marine resources. Marine resources are observed imperfectly and are often held as common property. In this dissertation I explore the feasibility of management plans when naturalcapital stock dynamics are unobservable and when political structures constrain the implementation of optimal management. Resource managers are faced with conflicting user groups and limited information. In three chapters I study constrained management In my first chapter, "Jobs or Resources?" I consider the political economy implications of technological under various management scenarios. I show that typical management targets will require the retirement of inputs as technology progresses. This is particularly problematic for fisheries in which labor is involved in management decisions. This can lead to false inference about the health of the stock. For the second chapter, "Natural Resource Collapse: Technological Change and Biased Estimation", I show that unexpected fisheries collapse may be linked to unobserved technological change. Unexpected collapse of natural resources is of great concern to policy makers. The literature and popular press have attributed collapse to the lack of well-defined property rights and policies that pay inadequate attention to random environmental variability. Both the literature and policy makers have overlooked how unobserved technological change can obscure the depletion of natural- capital stocks. The paper shows that even if property rights are well-defined and random fluctuations are small, modest increases in technical efficiency conceal the depletion of stocks. Using the most general model of surplus production in a single-species fishery I show analytically that proportional growth of the fish stock is overestimated when even one period of technological change is ignored. Through simulations, I find that standard statistical tests overestimate the productivity of the fish stock. I show that collapse is inevitable if technology increases without bound and that the path to collapse is not observed until stocks are low and declining rapidly. In the third chapter, "Marine protected areas as a risk management tool" I consider a potential fix to the inference problems highlighted in the second chapter and in other work such as Carson and Murray (2005). When parameter uncertainty is significant, I show that even in an otherwise deterministic world, expected payoffs can be increased by using simple spatial closures. Though optimal fleet size and reserve size combinations exist, a spatial closure can increase expected payoff even if the fleet-size is chosen to be too large or too small. The benefit of closures is not limited to hedge against stock collapse but is of value even when stock size is large and steady-state catches are relatively high

The ability to rapidly mobilize the Marine Corps in times of crisis is a cornerstone of United States defense strategy. We present a network- optimization based system which, in conjunction with carefully designed and scrupulously maintained manpower databases, assigns Marine officers to mobilization billets. The system is installed on a 386-based personal computer, and takes less than 10 minutes to complete a mobilization involving as many as 40,000 officers (i.e. ; all available active-duty, reserve and retired Marine officers) and 27,000 billets. The small amount of PC computing time that the system spends on this very large assignment problem includes the production of output suitable for generating orders-to-report via MAILGRAM. Prior to our work, the only tool the Marine Corps had to help with mobilization assignment was a mainframe-based system which takes two to four days to complete a mobilization. The new system is not only much faster, but it also produces significantly better assignments than the old system with respect to all measures of effectiveness considered. Keywords: Military appreciations; Manpower; Optimization; Networks. (sdw) ; prepared in conjunction with research funded under the Naval Postgraduate School Research Council Research Program ; http://archive.org/details/mobilizingmarine00baus ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Multiple competing uses of continental-shelf environments have led to a proliferation of marine spatial planning initiatives, together with expert guidance on marine spatial planning. This study provides an empirical review of marine spatial plans, their attributes, and the extent to which the expert guidance is actually being followed. We performed a structured review of 16 existing marine spatial plans and created an idealized marine spatial plan from the steps included in recent expert papers. A cluster analysis of the yes/no answers to 28 questions was used to ordinate the 16 marine spatial plans and to compare them with the idealized plan. All the plans that have been implemented have a high-level government mandate and the authority to implement spatial planning vested in existing institutions. Almost all the plans used data with clear criteria for data inclusion. Stakeholders were included in almost all the plans; they did not participate in all stages of the planning process but their roles were generally clearly defined. Decision-support tools were applied inconsistently across plans and were seldom used dynamically over time. Most spatial planning processes did not select specific outcomes, such as preferred use scenarios. Success is defined inconsistently across plans; in half the cases there are no metrics of success with reference benchmarks. Although monitoring is included in the majority of plans, only in some cases do monitoring results feed back into management decisions. The process of marine spatial planning had advanced in that some of the more recent plans were developed more quickly and contain more desirable attributes than earlier plans. Even so, existing marine spatial plans are heterogeneous—there are essential ingredients, but no single recipe for success.

This article analyzes the political relations between Luis Muñoz Marín and Congressman Vito Marcantonio. This relationship help to understand the political situation between 1930's to mid fifties and specifically the political events in Puerto Rico and its impact in the Puerto Ricans living in the United States. In addition, the article explores the political grievances between these two leaders as clue to understand the migration policies of the Muñoz Marín's government and its view of the Puerto Rican Diaspora. Resumen en español: Este artículo analiza las relaciones políticas entre Luis Muñoz Marín y el Congresista Vito Marcantonio. Éstas se utilizan como marco para entender importantes procesos políticos ocurridos en Puerto Rico entre mediados de las décadas de 1930 y 1950. En específico, nos permite estudiar cómo los procesos políticos en Puerto Rico se entrelazan con los eventos políticos que experimentaban los puertorriqueños en Estados Unidos. Se discute además cómo la ruptura política entre estos dos líderes se puede entender más adecuadamente a partir de sus divergentes posiciones con respecto a la comunidad puertorriqueña en Nueva York y a la política migratoria del gobierno de Puerto Rico.

Two articles previously published in Breast Cancer Research illustrate the high rates of breast cancer in Marin County, a wealthy, urban county immediately northwest of the city of San Francisco. I herein comment on these articles, and on the political/psychological/scientific dilemma presented by regions with high cancer rates, such as Marin County. I discuss possible causes for such cancer 'clusters', and conclude with some thoughts about the future.

Con este libro el autor rinde homenaje al destacado ingeniero militar, soldado, maestro, General de División José del Carmen Marín Arista, quien reúne las cualidades de una persona que ha dedicado su vida a la patria. Vargas Vaca considera que Marín Arista es un verdadero héroe de carne y hueso, pero no de aquellos caídos en combate, sino de aquellos que la nación Peruana necesita para que contribuyan positivamente a nuestra identidad nacional.

A rearrangement of the material published under the same title March 11, 1943. ; On p. [48]: May 28, 1943. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The concept of Blue Economy has triggered the coastal states to explore their marine resources from their own maritime boundaries. Bangladesh has to be one step advance in the competition as its land based resources are very limited in comparison to its huge population. It must be very critical for Bangladesh if it does not have a well-planned policy adopted in considering both the economic and environmental aspects. MSP can only be the process for Bangladesh to go ahead for consumption of marine resources without jeopardy to marine environment. The existing national policies, plans and legislations for ocean governance are very scattered in nature which needs to be an integrated and uniform legal stand. The study analysis those legal loopholes and recommends for an effective MSP in the Bay of Bengal.