Suchergebnisse

How to develop peasant agriculture in Guatemala? Such is the challenge the Guatemalan State faces since 1944, that is, since the "Democratic Spring" tried, without success, to organize the transition from the large latifundios plantations to an agriculture based upon small and medium sized modernized exploitations. The thesis takes the case of Maya-q' eqchi' villages of the valley of Cahabón in Guatemala. Considering the different development policies which "were proposed to them" with their constraints, by national and local elites or by ONG, Q'eqchi' peasants built their relative autonomy thanks to a long legal fight against the device of the colonato of the Hacienda, then by the painful adaptation to the policies of "agrarian transformation" of the militarized State and to privatization and the parcelization of land imposed by the liberal democracy. The comparison between the Q'eqchi' version of this history with the "western" and the local ladino elite version provides a detailed ethnographic picture of the complexity of these conflicts and the way Q'eqchi' have organized their resistance and their fight, through their own cosmovision, words and ritual. Through the description of the original institutions (mutual work, abstinence, brotherhood) which control the production of commercial food products (coffee, cardamom, cocoa, hot pepper) and food (corn, bean, marrows, etc) and the relation with money, it relates the successes and the failures of various current programs of development. ; Comment développer l'agriculture de petits paysans au Guatemala ? C'est la question que l'État guatémaltèque se pose depuis 1944, lorsque le Printemps démocratique tenta, sans y parvenir, d'organiser la transition du régime des grandes plantations latifundiaires à une agriculture de petites et moyennes exploitations modernisées. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse au cas des villages mayas-q'eqchi' de la vallée de Cahabón au Guatemala. Face aux différentes politiques de développement qui leur ont été « proposées » avec ...

How to develop peasant agriculture in Guatemala? Such is the challenge the Guatemalan State faces since 1944, that is, since the "Democratic Spring" tried, without success, to organize the transition from the large latifundios plantations to an agriculture based upon small and medium sized modernized exploitations. The thesis takes the case of Maya-q' eqchi' villages of the valley of Cahabón in Guatemala. Considering the different development policies which "were proposed to them" with their constraints, by national and local elites or by ONG, Q'eqchi' peasants built their relative autonomy thanks to a long legal fight against the device of the colonato of the Hacienda, then by the painful adaptation to the policies of "agrarian transformation" of the militarized State and to privatization and the parcelization of land imposed by the liberal democracy. The comparison between the Q'eqchi' version of this history with the "western" and the local ladino elite version provides a detailed ethnographic picture of the complexity of these conflicts and the way Q'eqchi' have organized their resistance and their fight, through their own cosmovision, words and ritual. Through the description of the original institutions (mutual work, abstinence, brotherhood) which control the production of commercial food products (coffee, cardamom, cocoa, hot pepper) and food (corn, bean, marrows, etc) and the relation with money, it relates the successes and the failures of various current programs of development. ; Comment développer l'agriculture de petits paysans au Guatemala ? C'est la question que l'État guatémaltèque se pose depuis 1944, lorsque le Printemps démocratique tenta, sans y parvenir, d'organiser la transition du régime des grandes plantations latifundiaires à une agriculture de petites et moyennes exploitations modernisées. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse au cas des villages mayas-q'eqchi' de la vallée de Cahabón au Guatemala. Face aux différentes politiques de développement qui leur ont été « proposées » avec ...