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At first sight it may seem that family relationships lie just in the sphere of private life and historical sources which describe them may tell us little about the organization of Jewish community or about the interaction between the Jewish community and local non-Jewish authorities. However, the term 'matrimonial relationships' has a wide range of aspects. This work is an attempt to illuminate some of them. The article is dedicated to matrimonial relationships in the Jewish community of Avignon in the second half of the sixteenth century. It is made like a case-study and based on the scandal which happened at that time in the Jewish community of Avignon which was then a part of French holdings of the Pope, that's to say the French part of the Papal States, and thus was controlled directly by the pope. The scandal is connected to the name of Bondion Crescas — a man who decided to marry the daughter of a woman with whom he passed the ceremony of halitzah several years ago. The intention brought about the opposition of the traditional rabbinate, that's to say the majority of rabbis of Italy and Palestine as the conflict didn't remain local one and rapidly became a subject of long disputes between different parties within the Jewish world. The study is based on hand-written documents, that's to say on the Hebrew manuscript from D. Ginzburg's Collection which has't been decoded and studied before and is preserved in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The process reveals three main issues. The first one is the Halakhic legality of marital intercourse between a man and the daughter of his haluzah (a woman with whom he must have got married a levirate marriage but released her). The second one is the social image of Avignon community in the 16th century, and the last one is the question about the boundaries of rabbinical jurisdiction in traditional Jewish society.

This study proposed, first, to carry out, based on archive documents, an incursion as regards matrimonial relationships of XVIIIth century with all legal, economic and social connotations involved. The marriage contracts studied fall into a typology more closely of what was happening in the same period in Western Europe than in South Eastern Europe. This is because such acts have emerged within the former county of Arad in the first half of the century after the establishment of Habsburg domination and after the German colonists were brought into the area.
Besides the juridical problems regarding the contractual liabilities of the spouses, the status of the children, some problems related to wealth and dowry, I tried to mark out some aspects regarding the everyday life of Arad's inhabitants in the XVIIIth century.

This study proposed, first, to carry out, based on archive documents, an incursion as regards matrimonial relationships of XVIIIth century with all legal, economic and social connotations involved. The marriage contracts studied fall into a typology more closely of what was happening in the same period in Western Europe than in South Eastern Europe. This is because such acts have emerged within the former county of Arad in the first half of the century after the establishment of Habsburg domination and after the German colonists were brought into the area.
Besides the juridical problems regarding the contractual liabilities of the spouses, the status of the children, some problems related to wealth and dowry, I tried to mark out some aspects regarding the everyday life of Arad's inhabitants in the XVIIIth century.

María Gallego declared in 1775 that "to fall in love, the one that seems best and to marry, the one that suits". She differentiated two moments in the lives of young people: in one had the free will and in other hand the submission to family will. This paper studies the emergence of the personal will of young people in practices around dating and access to marriage in the eighteenth century. We analyze the social and moral conflict caused by the confrontation of the expression of the personal will of young people and the action of political and religious powers against these individualistic pulsations. The methodology uses family treaties, legislation of the time and ecclesiastical lawsuits. However, the increasing importance of personal consent in the illustrated ideals will support the generalization of individualistic actions. These individualistic actions will transform the ways of life over which liberalism will expand. ; El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de los jóvenes como protagonistas de la emergencia de la voluntad personal y acciones individualistas en prácticas en torno al noviazgo y acceso al matrimonio en el siglo XVIII. A través de tratados de familia, manuales de confesores, legislación de la época y pleitos eclesiásticos, analizamos el conflicto social y moral que deviene de la expresión de la voluntad personal de los jóvenes hijos de familia y la actuación de los poderes político y religioso contra esas pulsaciones individualistas. Sin embargo, la cada vez mayor importancia del consentimiento personal en lo religioso y lo legal amparará la generalización de acciones individualistas, transformando los modos de vida sobre los que se expandirá la armadura ideológica, institucional y costumbres del liberalismo.

La investigación realizada tiene como objetivo verificar si la existencia de dos regímenes patrimoniales en el matrimonio en el Perú, limita la autonomía de la voluntad de los esposos. Asimismo, se pretende establecer la viabilidad de las convenciones matrimoniales en la legislación peruana, con la finalidad que se pueda pactar el régimen patrimonial en el matrimonio con mayor libertad, así como algunos otros aspectos que regirán la vida conyugal en su funcionamiento y extinción. Para tal efecto, se tienen en cuenta los cambios que se han producido en las relaciones familiares, especialmente la paridad de roles de los cónyuges y el ejercicio de la libertad, como derecho fundamental en la determinación de las relaciones patrimoniales y extramatrimoniales que obligan a una mayor reflexión respecto a la conveniencia de la introducción de las llamadas convenciones matrimoniales. ; The purpose of this investigation is to verify whether the existence of two patrimonial regimes in marriage in Peru limits the autonomy of the will of the spouses. Likewise, the investigation tries to establish the viability of the matrimonial conventions in Peruvian legislation, with the objective that the patrimonial regime within marriage can be agreed upon with greater freedom, as well as some other aspects that will govern the conjugal life in its operation and extinction. For this purpose, the changes that have occurred in family relationships, especially the parity of roles of the spouses and the exercise of freedom as a fundamental right in the determination of patrimonial and extramarital relations in the marriage that they force, have been taken into account, requiring a greater reflection regarding the convenience of the introduction of the so-called marriage conventions.

The article deals with transformation processes and historical way of the family forming; it is found the main aspects of the formation and development of matrimonial relations; it is analyzed current trends in the development of Ukrainian family. Much attention is given to the consideration of family types, structure and matrimonial relations. The family is the most ancient social institution that passed through a difficult historical and socio-cultural ways of formation and development. From ancient times, philosophers, sociologists, culturologists and demographers studied analysis of various aspects of its functioning, social potential and ways of its implementation, depending on a system of social factors,. Scientific works on the history of marriage and family appeared recently in comparison. By the mid-19th century dominated religious and dogmatic views on marriage and family, which was seen as something immutable, founded an expression in identifying the patriarchal and bourgeois family. That fact that along with a monogamous family existed eastern polygamy (polygyny) or Indo-tibetan polyandry, historians studying family simply ignored.The beginning of a systematic, actually scientific study of the family put Engels' work "Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State" (1884), which traced the changing of family and marriage in the past, it is shown that in the historical process three forms of marriage changed one another: in the age of savagery – group (tribal) marriage, during the period of barbarism – the pair marriage, at the time of civilization forming – monogamy. Above mentioned work of Engels has a scientific and historical value up till now.In science for a long time, in fact till the 60ies of the 19th century, the family was considered as the most original and the oldest form of ancient society, from which subsequently arose kin, tribe, nation. Engels proved that this formula does not reflect the true state of affairs, having studied the results of research and scientific work "Ancient Society" (1877) by L. Morhan, using the writings of a number of other scholars on the history of ancient society, he gave a new explanation of the historical forms of family and marriage. Engels paid a special attention to the evolution of family forms, its development from group forms to monogamy.Family is a socially sanctioned, a relatively stable group of people united by blood relationship, marriage or adoption of children, whose members live together and economically linked with each other. The family is both a small social group and a social institution. Family has always been and left a major element of society, that's why, type, structure and its shape depend on the national peculiarities of the people. In any society, there are times when it breaks down, it is broken all ties, and only family remains a place where is preserved the "social genotype", which conveys the social memory to the future. The family came into being much earlier than the appearance of such social institutions as religion, government, education.Ukrainian people for centuries created a unique culture that reflects its manifold life, values that were produced by the nation: honoring of the family, worship of the memory of ancestors, careful treatment of the child and the people in years. All of this is impossible without a deep knowledge of the folk traditions, moral norms and customary law of its people. Studying scientific sources on the formation of matrimonial relations, we can assert that in prehistoric times dominated the relationship of so-called promiscuity (disordered sexual relations). Later there emerged endogamy, at this time sexual relations joined the representatives of the same genus. Gradually, endogamy develops into exogamy what constitutes systematic sexual relations between people of different kins. Initial form of exogamous marriage was group marriage. Over time, group family and marriage became transformed into the pair family that combines the two persons – a man and a woman. Pair marriage had three varieties: dislocal, matrilocal and patrylocal marriage. From the pair marriage, society moves towards monogamy and polygamy.In Ukraine a monogamous family exists from the time of settlement of its territory, evidenced by historical and archaeological materials . This is the most common form of family up till now. Type of monogamous family is defined by the number of married couples and blood related members in the family. On this basis the Ukrainian families can be divided into simple (complete, incomplete), complex and extended family.Among the socio-cultural characteristics of families, from which depends the effectiveness of its educational activity, scholars have identified: the presence of the family as the only whole collective of adherents which is distinguished by high emotionality, psychological unity, love, sincerity, trust, sensitivity; positively mild family atmosphere that helps to make a pedagogical influence of parents; a clear system of educational influence, culture and spirituality, purposeful and concrete application of specific methods of education. Family fulfils very important social and ethnocultural functions connecting it with all spheres of human activity.Summing up the study of the historical aspects of family formation and matrimonial relations in the socio-cultural space, we can affirm that the family as the basis of society has gone through not easy way of its functioning anddevelopment, from promiscuity to a monogamous relationship. The current state of Ukrainian society demonstrates the changes of types, forms, conditions and ways of lifestyle of the family. The process of evolution of family forms are directly related to social processes and political system that impose their imprints on the formation, settling, development of family and matrimonial relations. ; В статье рассмотрены трансформационные процессы и исторический путь формирования семьи; определено основные аспекты становления и развития брачно-семейных отношений; проанализировано современные тенденции развития украинской семьи. Особенное внимание уделяется рассмотрению типов, структуре семьи и брачно-семейным отношениям. ; У статті розглянуто трансформаційні процеси та історичний шлях формування сім'ї; з'ясовано основні аспекти становлення та розвитку шлюбно-сімейних відносин; проаналізовано сучасні тенденції розвитку української сім'ї. Особлива увага відводиться розгляду типів, структурі сім'ї та шлюбно-сімейним відносинам.

L'Union européenne a récemment adopté deux règlements qui visent spécifiquement les relations patrimoniales au sein des couples. Ces règlements sont pleinement applicables depuis le 29 janvier 2019. Les nouveaux textes ne bouleversent pas les habitudes, les règles européennes se situent au contraire dans la continuité. Pour autant, l'entrée en vigueur des deux instruments offre l'occasion de faire le point sur des questions qui peuvent être d'une redoutable complexité. La matière des régimes matrimoniaux et plus généralement des relations patrimoniales de couples suscite en effet de nombreuses questions en droit international privé. L'ambition de la présente contribution n'est pas de proposer une synthèse définitive qui pourrait remplacer les très nombreux commentaires déjà existants. Elle est plutôt de donner au notariat belge un guide pratique permettant de répondre aux questions les plus courantes.

La consécration progressive de l'autonomie de volonté des époux trouve un point d'aboutissement provisoire avec l'adoption des deux règlements européens relatifs aux relations patrimoniales de couples . Depuis le 29 janvier 2019, dix-huit Etats membres partagent en effet les mêmes règles de conflit de lois. Ces règles, d'apparence classique, puisent largement dans l'acquis du droit international privé. Les règlements portent en effet la marque tant de la Convention de La Haye de 1978 que de certaines codifications nationales. A côté de ces influences importantes, les règlements s'inscrivent dans la puissante tradition européenne, en reprenant à leur compte un certain nombre de dispositions et de mécanisme propres au droit international privé européen. Cette contribution se propose d'attirer l'attention sur les avancées de l'autonomie de la volonté, tout en évoquant également la part d'ombre.

This article analyzes the link between formal friendship and a matrimonial system among the Apinaje people. Starting with an analysis of formal friendship among the Jê, it presents existing similarities and differences among various peoples in the same linguistic family. Then, after describing the Apinaje's formal friendship formed by Nimuendajú and DaMatta, a formal friendship transmission model among the Apinaje is proposed. Finally, the paper shows that formal friendship recreates a virtual system of moieties, and based on ethnographic data argues that formal friendship is used for creating affinity in social relationships, overlapping, in some cases, consanguinity.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the ways of synchronization of applicable law with forum in succession and matrimonial property matters under the EU Succession Regulation and the EU Matrimonial Property Regulation and the rules which may determine international jurisdiction and applicable law in Ukraine as well as answer the question on whether the rules of the Law of Ukraine on Private International Law which ensure synchronization of applicable law with forum in succession and matrimonial property matters match the needs of legal regulation of private relationships. The application of comparative, dialectical and formal-logical methods allowed concluding that synchronization of the applicable law with forum is provided by using of the same criteria for the determination of international jurisdiction and applicable law. The rules which ensure synchronization can: 1) necessarily lead to the application of the court's own law in some private legal matters; 2) be an alternative to the other methods of determination of the applicable law and international jurisdiction which is applied if the parties to the respective relationship conclude the choiceof-law and choice-of-court agreements linking to the law and the court of the same state. Synchronization of the law with the forum in matrimonial property matters is possible under of the Law of Ukraine 'On Private International Law' if the spouses have concluded the choice-of-law and choice-of-court agreements and in some other cases. It has been proved that the rules of the Law of Ukraine 'On Private International Law' which apply dualistic approach for determination of the law governing succession relationships does not allow to achieve synchronization of the applicable law with the forum in succession matters in all cases. It has been demonstrated that the presence of immovable property in the estate located abroad leads to the application of a foreign law to the succession of such property, even if a deceased, being a citizen of Ukraine, has chosen in his will the law of Ukraine as the law applicable to the succession. It has been concluded that the Law of Ukraine 'On Private International Law' should be amended in such a way that the choice of the law applicable to the succession made by a deceased in the will should cover the succession of movable and immovable property regardless of its location. Keywords: synchronization of law with the forum; law applicable to succession; international jurisdiction in succession matters; international jurisdiction in family matters; Succession Regulation; Matrimonial Property Regulation; Agreement between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland on legal assistance and legal relations in civil and criminal matters; Law of Ukraine 'On Private International Law'.

La tesis se ocupa de las relaciones diplomáticas entre España y la Santa Sede durante la fase final de la Restauración borbónica, desde 1902 hasta 1923, con especial mención a la cuestión matrimonial. De los tres capítulos que la componen, el primero contextualiza el reinado de Alfonso XIII. Se alude a cuestiones históricas y a medidas normativas relevantes en el ámbito eclesiástico y en el civil. El segundo capítulo comienza con la entrada en vigor de la Ley de 18 de junio de 1870, de matrimonio civil obligatorio, y abarca hasta 1902. El tercero versa sobre la cuestión matrimonial durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII. El sistema matrimonial vigente, salvo el caso aislado de la Real Orden de 27 de agosto de 1906, derogada un año más tarde, fue el de matrimonio civil subsidiario. La interpretación del término "profesión de fe" sería el motivo de mayores controversias. ; The thesis deals with the diplomatic relationships between Spain and the Holy See during the final period of the Bourbon Restoration, focusing especially on matrimonial matters. The first chapter of the thesis contextualises the kingdom of Alfonso XIII of Spain; historical issues and regulatory measures relevant within both the ecclesiastical and the civil context are mentioned in this chapter. The second chapter covers the years between the coming into force of the Ley de 18 de junio de 1870 − which introduced compulsory civil marriage in Spain - and the year 1902. The third chapter deals with matrimonial matters during the reign of King Alfonso XIII. The subsidiary civil marriage constituted the current matrimonial system at the time, with the only exception being the Real Orden de 27 de agosto de 1906, which was abrogated the following year. The interpretation of the term "profession of faith" was to cause major controversy.

AbstractThis article analyses the influence of family ties on migration and discusses the selection and dynamic of changes that depend on the duration of residence in the Republic of Sakha, Russian Far East. The article is based on a study in three Far Eastern industrial towns, Lensk, Mirny and Yakutsk, where people were questioned about the history and motivations for their change of residence. The data is complemented with anthropological long time fieldwork. To explain the migration processes in the region, the data was placed in historical and economic context. Apart from migration, vectors were also the respondents' connections to different places and their families. This is the first large study of the migration where data was collected using questionnaires, whereas earlier researchers failed to pay sufficient attention to the types and duration of migrant family relationships in the places of exodus. The research demonstrates differences in dynamics and reasons behind the migration, but also reveals a picture of a highly mobile population in the Russian Far East.

The introduction of the Romanian Civil Code in 2011 represented for the entire socioeconomicreality in Romania a major change of the landmarks the Romanian legal systemwas built upon, was consolidated on and developed from. Changes in family relationshipswere substantial, new concepts being introduced, the existing ones adapting to the newdynamics of personal lives. A series of specific notions were introduced aiming at changingcertain institutions (in the field of the matrimonial regime) or several factual situations thathad not previously been acknowledged legally found now legislative recognition (theengagement). It should be noted that there were considered the international conventions towhich Romania is part, and the European standards in the field, as well. The labor forcemigration towards the foreign markets, the insecurity of work place in the European countrieshave 'elasticized' the traditional Romanian family, have led to a gap in the formerly constantphysical connection between the family members, have made the authorities face theproblems of responsibility for the children left in the country by the parents who had goneabroad. To bring up the children left by their parents has thus become a 'duty' ofgrandparents, aunts, uncles, and friends of the family or neighbors. If the psychical traumasof these children cannot yet be quantified, the legislative problems they raised have nowstarted to be regulated by the authorities.