Suchergebnisse

Проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення сутності та сфер використання юридичної конкретизації. Сформульовано авторську дефініцію конкретизації норм права. Систематизовано засоби конкретизації норм права відповідно до основних правових форм діяльності держави. Проанализированы научные подходы к определению сущности и сфер использования юридической конкретизации. Сформулирована авторская дефиниция конкретизации норм права. Систематизированы средства конкретизации норм права в соответствии с основными правовыми формами деятельности государства. Concretization the rules of law is an important factor of improving the quality of legal regulation, ensuring its legality and effectiveness. Traditionally, legal concretization has been given considerable attention in domestic and foreign scientific literature, but the question of means of concretization of the norms of law has not been adequately developed. The object of the study is legal concretization. The subject of the study is the means of concretization the rules of law. The purpose of the article is to determine the means of concretization the rules of law and their systematization in accordance with the basic legal forms of state activity. The need to achieve the purpose of the study led to the use of so methods of cognition as formal-logical, systemic, critical and comparative. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the definition of legal concretization. The author's definition of concretization the rules of law was formulated. The concretization of the legal norms is the activity of the subjects of law-making and application of law to eliminate or reduce uncertainty of regulatory requirements using special means of legal technique. It is proved that the most important law-making means of concretization the norms of law are specification, addition, detailing and differentiation of normative prescriptions. Examples of using these facilities in the national legislation of Ukraine are given. The main means of concretization used in the process of ...

In this article, an interpretation of Marx's notions of abstraction and concretization is presented. Unlike Leszek Nowak's approach, Marx's use of idealizations is not a reversible process of adding and removing idealizing assumptions. Marx had a richer use of the term abstraction, one in which concretization involves a creative moment of conceptual innovation. Marx adds new variables and new assumptions and elaborates new categories at different levels of abstraction in order to show the unity between appearances and essences. De-idealization, according to Marx, involves both recomposition and de-isolation. Also, concretization, for Marx, does not follow a linear approximation to reality, but rather a hermeneutical circle that is constantly in the process of reframing categories to provide answers to different questions. As a case study, this article shows an interpretation of Marx's labor theory of value.

This article argues that Gilbert Simondon's philosophy of technology is useful for both science and technology studies (STS) and critical theory. The synthesis has political implications. It offers an argument for the rationality of democratic interventions by citizens into decisions concerning technology. The new framework opens a perspective on the radical transformation of technology required by ecological modernization and sustainability. In so doing, it suggests new applications of STS methods to politics as well as a reconstruction of the Frankfurt School's "rational critique of reason."

"A sweeping exposé of the U.S. government's alliance with data brokers, tech companies, and advertisers, and how their efforts are reshaping surveillance and privacy as we know it. Our modern world is awash in surveillance. Most of us are dimly aware of this-ever get the sense that an ad is "following" you around the internet?-but we don't understand the extent to which the technology embedded in our phones, computers, cars, and homes is part of a vast ecosystem of data collection. Our public spaces are blanketed by cameras put up in the name of security. And pretty much everything that emits a wireless signal of any kind-routers, televisions, Bluetooth devices, chip-enabled credit cards, even the tires of every car manufactured since the mid-2000s-can be and often is covertly monitored. All of this surveillance has produced an extraordinary amount of data about every citizen-and the biggest customer is the U.S. government. Reporter Byron Tau has been digging deep inside the growing alliance between business, tech, and government for years, piecing together a secret story: how the whole of the internet and every digital device in the world have become a mechanism of intelligence, surveillance, and monitoring. Tau traces the unlikely tale of how the government came to view commercial data as a principal asset of national security in the years after 9/11, working with scores of anonymous companies, many scattered across bland Northern Virginia suburbs, to build a foreign and domestic surveillance capacity of such breathtaking scope that it could peer into the lives of nearly everyone on the planet. The result is a cottage industry of data brokers and government bureaucrats with one directive-"get everything you can"-and, as Tau observes, a darkly humorous world in which defense contractors have marketing subsidiaries, and marketing companies have defense contractor subsidiaries. Sobering and revelatory, Means of Control is our era's defining story of the dangerous grand bargain we've made: ubiquitous, often cheap technology, but at what price to our privacy?"--