CONTENT: Media clippings concerning the 'Save the Peaks' controversy, 1971-1973, over the Hart Prairie development and Snow Bowl expansion by Summit Properties. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY: The 'Save the Peaks' fight was a decade-long struggle, originally pitting local citizens against Summit Properties and its parent corporation, the Post Company. The object of the controversy was a 350 acre parcel of land in the Hart Prairie area of the San Francisco Peaks. In the early 1970's, local Flagstaff citizens united to prevent the company's proposed development of the Hart Prairie acreage. During the course of the controversy, the citizens of Flagstaff and Summit Properties became allies against the United States Forest Service (USFS). Both groups felt the USFS, guardians of American public forest lands, extended the 'Save the Peaks' controversy for many years by neither cooperating nor negotiating in good faith with either the citizens of Flagstaff or Summit Properties.
Publication of a conference held at AZAD Centre, Sliema, on February 17, 1978. ; Among the new States, Malta has one of the longest, almost uninterrupted traditions of press freedom and, for her size, is lucky to have had a variety of newspaper opinion. It was two well-known British liberals, John Austin and George Cornwall Lewis, who responding to appeals by the Maltese leader Giorgio Mitrovich, strongly recommended the grant of press freedom to the colony. That was in 1838, when the first papers and periodicals began to be published. Before that time we can hardly say that there was a journalistic tradition at all. The Order of st. John had a printing press in the eighteenth century, but this was mainly for official works. Besides, censorship always hung over Malta's head: in the mid-seventeenth century the Grand Master had opted to close a printing press instead of having to put up with interference from the Pope and Inquisitor who insisted on nihil obstat rights in any printed matter associated with religion or the church. During the brief period of French rule over Malta, from 1798 to 1800, a vaguely Bonapartist paper, Le Journal de Malte, was published; but again this was an official gazette rather than a newspaper. It was all 'liberty, equality and fraternity'; and woe to anybody who disagreed. The same style of paper, a government gazette, continued to be published in the first decades of British rule, first in Italian only, and subsequently in Italian and English until in the early twentieth century Maltese too made an appearance in it. Apart from this, in the period before 1838, very few people managed to get anything controversial printed. One was an Italian refugee; the others were Protestant missionaries. Otherwise the only way to get printed matter distributed in Malta was to have it printed in Italy or elsewhere outside the Island, at least until 1839. ; peer-reviewed
The paucity of literature devoted to Trade Fairs and Exhibitions (TFE) is quite rernarkable, since thousands of firms invest annually millions for this purpose and over the entire world millions of people show by their visits to the events that they have a lively and active interest in the TFE medium. In marketing publications, which chiefly derive from the Anglo-Saxon countries, the TFE phenomenon is either left out or barely mentioned when dealing with the media types, let alone studied. An explanation for this could be that the TFE phenomenon in its various forms, especially in the 19th century played a dominant role and that since then, other media types have arisen which have taken over certain communicative tasks. As a result a train of thought is conceivable which regards the TFE medium as being out-dated or out-moded, and consequently not applicable within the framework of the sophisticated marketing policy of a firm. Another possible explanation for the absence of an exhaustive literature on the TFE as a marketing instrument is the circumstance that the USA was the first country where market orientated thought, through scientific application, became an integrated part of management policy. The medium in the USA possesses entirely different structural characteristics than is the case in West Europe. Consequently the need for literature in this specific field did not arise. This tact could possibly be an explanation for the void which one notices bath in trade and industry as well as in the case of marketing specialists regarding an adequate use of TFE as a marketing instrument. After all, the marketing techniques are generally studied with the aid of American literature. The present study is therefore intended not only for the said managers and marketing specialists, but also for those who study the media types, or make use of the TFE medium, or who are interested in the TFE simply as a socio-economie phenomenon. This study aims at providing a theoretica! explanation for the functioning of a social economie phenomenon, whose users appear to make use of it in an intuitive manner. The provision of such a theoretica!, generalizing and abstract approach leaves little space for a multiplicity of concrete specific digressions. Nevertheless, the latter could not always be avoi,ded, since to do so would have meant the danger of a too great degree of abridgement. The integration of a West European phenomenon into the Anglo-Saxon marketing literature met with a number of difficulties. In the first place the genesis and rapid development of the phenomenon took place chiefly 1in Germany, so that for the study of the literature generally German authors had to be consulted. An additional complicating factor is that German Betriebswirtschaftslehre as regards its way of thinking and conceptualization differs entirely from the Dutch schools of economics and to an even stronger extent trom the Anglo-Saxon schools of economics. The result of this is a certain amount of semantic confusion, which is further increased by differences within the TFE itself, i.e. diversity owing to pluriformity. lt therefore follows that an attempt at reducing these pluriform concepts to a common denominator is no easy task. Possible imperfections cannot therefore be absolutely excluded. This study is divided into tour parts. In Part 1, a short historica! account of the origin and development of the TFE is given, in which recent developments are also discussed. In Chapter 5, the Royal Netherlands Industries Fair at Utrecht has been chosen as a specific example of the genesis and development of a trade fair. In Part Il, within the framework of the marketing concept the structures etc. are discussed, which can have an influence on the operating and external form of the different types of the TFE. As an example of the effect of legislation on the TFE, the implications and consequences of the EEG legislation are analysed in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9 the questlon will be examined whether conversely there is an influence on the environment emanating from the TFE. In Part 111, which is devoted to a micro-economie account, the functioning of the TFE as a marketing instrument is examined, within the framework of a systems approach. Using field and desk research, an attempt is made to demonstrate that the TFE can be used as an effective marketing instrument. In Chapter 13 the place of the TFE in the marketing mix is further studied. In Chapter 14 attention is given to the evaluation of results, whilst in Chapter 15 a number of trends regarding actual participation in the TFE are described. To conclude, in Part IV the results are offered obtained by an investigation into the behavioural patterns of Dutch participants in the TFE. In conjunction with this, in Chapter 17 a comparative account is given of the results of West German and Dutch investigations into the behaviour and motivation of participants in the TFE. Finally it is pointed out that in order not to overburden the text, quotations have only been translated in full where absolutely necessary.
All About Maine: Print and Film Materials to Enrich the Study of Maine History in Grade Eight. By Clyde W. Swett, Consultant Instructional Media, Department of Education and Mary L. Haskell, Librarian Union Street Junior High School, Bangor. Maine State Department of Education, Augusta, 1969. Contents under the following headings: Biography, Fiction, Films, Folklore, Literature, Maps, Miscellaneous, Natural History and Geology, Periodicals, Social and Political History, Directory of Publishers and Distributors, Index. ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1011/thumbnail.jpg
Northeastern Illinois University was chosen as the Chicago site for the historically significant Commission on the Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) hearings that took place on September 22-23, 1981. These hearings investigated the legality of Executive Order 9066, a mandate issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II that forcibly evacuated and detained over 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry, two-thirds of whom were American citizens. Considered a threat to national security because of their ethnic background, the uprooted Japanese and Japanese-Americans were placed into internment camps and held for an average of three years. The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) was created in 1980 to investigate the constitutional and ethical objections of Executive Order 9066. The CWRIC executed an official evaluation of the order and its impact on the formerly interned and their families, starting the process of reparations to the Japanese Americans for the time, property, and liberty they had lost. The CWRIC reviewed the facts and circumstances surrounding Executive Order 9066 and its impact on the affected; the Committee also sought appropriate remedies. In order to fulfill that mandate, the CWRIC held twenty days of hearings in cities throughout the United States: Anchorage, Cambridge, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. The CWRIC heard testimonies from more than 750 witnesses of the internment experience.[viii] The results of these national hearings led to the passage of the Civil Liberties Act, which was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan in 1988. This federal law granted the victims of the internment a formal government apology and financial reparations for the losses they had suffered. At the hearing, testifiers were interviewed in sets of three to seven individuals sitting on themed panels such as: Nisei experiences, Issei experiences, and military testimonies. After each panel of testimonies, members of the CWRIC commission had the opportunity to question testifiers.
El tema de la guerra santa (yíhad) ha sido estudiado y examinado desde múltiples puntos de vista, sin embargo, no conozco ningún trabajo de los realizados hasta hora que lo haya hecho buscando conocer sus posibles influencias en las costumbres y el derecho de las comunidades cristianas del medievo hispano. Quizá ello sea debido a la opinión generalizada de que la condición confesional del derecho islámico lo hacía poco apto para influenciar al cristiano de la Reconquista; a pesar de ello en más de una ocasión estudiosos de diferentes disciplinas han descubierto y señalado concomitancias reveladoras entre ambos derechos, y aun cuando éstas hayan sido puestas de relieve para ilustrar un ejemplo, o utilizadas como detalle erudito o anecdótico, la verdad es que esas similitudes en las costumbres y los usos guerreros de ambas comunidades, sancionadas por el derecho, poco han servido al especialista o al estudioso de las sociedades medievales peninsulares, en vista de que no existe un estudio sistemático acerca de dichos aspectos, estudio que, por otra parte, se echa en falta, tanto más palmariamente, cuanto que los musulmanes militar y políticamente son el otro componente esencial del medievo hispano.
Contents: 1. Aims of Research -- 2. Lines of Research on Mass Media in Developing Countries with Special Regard to the State of the African Press -- 3. History and Tradition of the African Press - an Outline -- 4. African Press and News Agencies -- 5. The Attitude of African Countries Towards the Nigerian conflict -- 6. The Nigerian Civil War and the Press of Five African Countries
A public relations guide for PROs. Guidelines with dealing with media, press conferences and public meetings. Issued by the Propaganda Department, 30 Gardiner Place, Dublin 2.
As the Eighteenth Dail's life drew to a close, a major change in Irish political life was anticipated. The expectations were not confined to the national mass media, although the subsequent results tempted some politicians to suggest that the closed world of television, radio and national press had misread the mood of the nation. At the local level too, throughout the campaign, newspapers spoke of the 'Strong Desire for Change'1 and saw the contest as the promise of 'one of the great watersheds in Irish political history.'
This examination of Japan's constitutional style is based on the manner in which the following factors have contributed to its development or have become elements of it: past constitutional history, the broad reaction against militarism and authoritarianism, basic constitutional principles, the renunciation of war, the electoral system, the structure of government, the relationship between the government and the people, education and the mass media, the intellectuals, changing social relations, popular controversy and the issue of revision. The conclusion will be that the 1947 Constitution has been firmly woven into the general institutional framework of Japanese society and will endure. Even so, neither the Constitution nor the constitutional style will be immutable; embedded in Japanese society they will change as the society changes.
During the past year the universities of Ontario have been the object of increasing discussion in the various news media, on public platforms, and on the floor of the Provincial Legislature. Inevitably, much of the comment has tended to come under the heading of complaints or criticisms or anxious inquiries. Some people have been worried by charges of Americanization of programmes of study and of faculties. Others have questioned the effort and the expense devoted to graduate studies, at a time when Ph.D.'s in certain areas of specialization are finding it difficult to secure a suitable position. Still others have expressed concern about the total cost of higher education in the Province, evidently fearing that, if expansion continues at the present rate, important social and medical services will be deprived of essential funds. And lately there has emerged a disposition to question the belief that every qualified and ambitious student should find a place in a university, an assumption hitherto almost universally accepted. Some of these shifts of opinion are certainly unwelcome, yet, from another point of view, they must be regarded as a tribute to the importance of the universities in Canada today. Ten years ago there was little comparable attention on the part of the public. It is not necessarily a bad thing to be required, repeatedly, to re-examine the basic policies of higher education in Canada, particularly when there are impressive and substantial arguments on behalf of the universities. I am entitled to add, with pleasure, that the role of the University of Windsor is very widely endorsed in our own community, as we learned when our recent drive for funds achieved a success far beyond that of any similar university campaign elsewhere in Canada in recent years. Throughout the world there is a concern to debate the function of the university, both with respect to the needs of the individual and to the claims of society. Some theories brought forward in this connection achieve swift acceptance, but after a brief period of popularity drop out of discussion, and it is not always clear whether we are dealing with the wave of the future or only the undertow of the past. However, it remains my personal conviction that any discussion of university matters must be judged essentially defective if it does not concede a prior emphasis to the individual. This is the basic preference which we seek to achieve at the University of Windsor. ; https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/ambassador/1023/thumbnail.jpg
During the past two decades, and especially since 1970, there has been a steadily growing interest in American legal history, including the work of nineteenth-century legal figures, including Thomas M.Cooley. Most scholars once dismissed Cooley as a simplistic apologist for laissez faire economics and late nineteenth-century capitalism. Recently, however, legal and constitutional historians have realized that his legal thought was much more complex. In part, this article seeks to extend recent work on Cooley and to examine his ideas and judicial opinions on freedom of expression and the law of libel. Cooley's views about free expression, defamation law, and American journalism are excellent examples of the development and transformation of liberal ideas in the mid-to-late-nineteenth-century legal community. In addition, Cooley's attempts to resolve the problems raised by some of the earliest mass media libel cases offer some historical perspective on recent efforts to sort out the conflicting issues and interests in political and public libel cases.
A Zambezia essay review on racial artitudes in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in the early part of the 1970's. ; My book Flame or Lily?' was written out of my enthusiasm for the potential insight provided by the white press into white Rhodesian culture, although I was aware that such data do not provide 'perspectives on the society as a whole, nor the white elite in general' (p.2). Rather, these editorials provide 'a restricted definition of Rhodesian culture . . . which may very well reflect the white elite in general' (p.6). Instead of attempting yet another interpretation of Rhodesian history, I was concerned with presenting the views of white editors over time in order to gain some insight into how these particular Rhodesians defined their situation over time as participants in the society's major media institution. My focus, then, was on their social definitions of Societal reality rather than my interpretation of these situations for them.
CONTENT: Media clippings from the Arizona Daily Sun related to the court case (Wilson v. Summit Properties Inc.). Topics reported on include: Snow Bowl, Coconino County Planning and Zoning Commission, Hart Prairie, San Francisco Peaks, United States Forest Service, Friends of the Peaks, and Summit Properties Inc. Comments and feedback associated with proposed draft of planning and zoning of the Arizona Snow Bowl recreational area. Newspaper articles reprinted with permission from the Arizona Daily Sun . BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY: The 'Save the Peaks' fight was a decade-long struggle, originally pitting local citizens against Summit Properties and its parent corporation, the Post Company. The object of the controversy was a 350 acre parcel of land in the Hart Prairie area of the San Francisco Peaks. In the early 1970's, local Flagstaff citizens united to prevent the company's proposed development of the Hart Prairie acreage. During the course of the controversy, the citizens of Flagstaff and Summit Properties became allies against the United States Forest Service (USFS). Both groups felt the USFS, guardians of American public forest lands, extended the 'Save the Peaks' controversy for many years by neither cooperating nor negotiating in good faith with either the citizens of Flagstaff or Summit Properties.
This paper examines and compares two films with the theme of political events / history in 1965, namely Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI and Jagal. Both films have the same object but are produced in different time frames. Specifically this paper will parse and analyze how the two films view, tell and visualize events known as the G30S movement. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data obtained through observation and film observation and supported by sources from various literature relevant to the theme. The data is analyzed, critically compromised, and then narrated. The film is part of the media used to entertain the audience but the film has other function to spread propaganda. The film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI, produced by the state in the New Order era, depicts that PKI is an enemy of the state and is trying to overthrow the government. This film is very massive and successfully led to public perception that the events occurred on 30 September 1965 were masterminded by PKI. Meanwhile, Jagal made in the post-reformation period was used to create a new perception that PKI was a victim of the incident. Keywords: Films, Political Propaganda and Public Opinion
