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The Companion to Media Studies and Digital Humanities is about researching media through new media: for example, playing games to better understand their politics and mechanics, exhibiting new media art to witness how people engage it, building stories to become more familiar with their structures and narratives, making wearable technologies to explore the overlaps between norms and fashion, or developing software to examine its relation to writing and literacy. In this introduction, I survey some tensions and overlaps between media studies and digital humanities and then focus on four key areas of analysis emerging from their intersection in this companion: moving beyond text in digital humanities research, foregrounding the importance of collaboration and laboratories outside of the sciences, underscoring the need for cultural criticism and social justice research when working with technologies, and expanding what "intervention" and "research contribution" mean in a moment obsessed with "doing," "making," and "hacking." I conclude the introduction with an outline and rationale for each of the Companion's five sections: Access, Praxis, Justice; Design, Interface, Interaction; Mediation, Method, Materiality; Remediation, Data, Memory; and Making, Programming, Hacking.

The concepts of media accountability, media criticism and media governance are analysed and discussed in a Swedish setting; how they relate to each other and interact. This is achieved by using various methods – a survey to editors, analy- ses of parliamentary debates, interviews, direct observation and document stu- dies – in studying different stakeholders, media representatives and governance conditions in Sweden during the last 70 years. The findings point in a direction of dynamic complexities with a central role for media criticism. The type, level and intensity of media criticism may affect the functioning of the media governance structure and is a vital part of the media accountability process. The media governance structure – which in addi- tion to media criticism is influenced by international conditions, technological developments and political factors – may in turn affect the media accountability process. In this process, media representatives aim to defend obtained positions of societal influence, achieve and maintain positive PR and enhance editorial quality at the same time. Media criticism may start a substantial media accountability process if the discontent is widespread and not countered by market approval or political iner- tia. The process is facilitated if the critique is connected to more than one frame of accountability and if stakeholders see opportunities for dual objectives. Very strong and widespread media criticism may be difficult for media organizations to neglect. The accountability process in Sweden has become less dependent on corpora- tive negotiations between organized interests and political assemblies. Instead, two other tendencies seem to have emerged: on the one hand a possibility for media organizations to favour such accountability processes that they are able to control, and on the other hand the rise of a rich variety of sometimes short-lived accountability instruments that may develop for specific occasions and are difficult to control.

As we were writing this chapter, the 2020 election campaign in the US was entering its last week before the elections. There are probably few more news-intensive events in the world than the American presidential elections. The smallest and, in other settings, seemingly irrelevant details of a candidate's behaviour and appearance (a slip of the tongue, the way that they laugh or their temporary memory losses) are immediately picked up by cameras and microphones and publicized across news networks and commented on and shared throughout social media networks in a matter of seconds and minutes, possibly affecting people's attitudes towards particular politicians and parties (directly or indirectly).

This is a conference paper. ; The comparative study of media systems and their relationships with political systems has received a substantial amount of attention in recent years, and made significant strides in understanding the diversity of mass communication around the world, along with its causes. Yet, while this systemic approach is important, it offers it offers only a partial insight into diversity of global media landscapes and, more generally, into the social implications of mass communication. To gain a fuller grasp of these implications, we need to start from the premise that socially significant communication extends well beyond the traditional domains of politics, and encompasses the mediation of basic cultural ideals and narratives, as well as the structuring of everyday practices and routines. These include the perceptions of private and public life, the understanding of the nation and its position in the world, the modes of organizing daily routines and everyday spaces, the historical events remembered and celebrated on a mass scale, and much more. To investigate these dimensions, this paper develops a conceptual and analytical framework that conceives of media cultures as patterns of ideas and practices that enable mass mediated meaning formation, and that have distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. These media cultures can vary on a number of dimensions, from the extent to which they seek to serve public or private goals, the degree to which they are open to transnational exchanges, to their modes of engaging with the past, present and future. This framework can be applied to different media and cultural forms, and in diverse political and cultural contexts. By way of illustration, the paper outlines how the framework can be used for the comparative study of (analogue) television cultures.

Explains gatekeeping - the process by which journalists and managers source, filter, and edit content; media stakeholders compete; and governments regulate. Outlines its impact on the media market, policy implications, and steps to control it.

This paper asserts that truly activist media must be dually committed to critical education and to political action. Whereas my previous work has focused on the need for activist media to challenge media power from within, it is my goal here to build a model of activist media characterized by direct action through engagement in critical education and activism in both content and production. Such a model will provide insight both into the limitations of previous research on the oppositional potential of alternative media and into the challenge facing alternative media scholars and practitioners alike – that of rising above the noise of the dominant media of the cultural industry in order to communicate for radical social change.

The author tends to analyze the man-media as the latest media (in the author's opinion) in the field of current media, a phenomenon that does not (in the author's view) belong to civic nor participative journalism, nor can its media activity be subsumed under UGC (user generated content). The question of whether the man-media in reality is a media and its role in the public sphere, are the focus points of consideration of man as media. The man-media is considered an informative-oriented individual, interested in public matters and its own active engagement in public affairs, independently producing and placing the media content: news, information, reports, comments, stories, analytical articles. The author uses the same name for a group or multitude of individuals with the same goals, taking both journalism as a craft and the media as an institution, and uniting them in their own, individual and autonomous activity. The man-media emerges due to the fact that the existing media do not perform their primary functions in a manner that satisfies the citizens' needs, and thanks to the modern technology providing numerous opportunities for an individual to collect information, create media content and distribute them independently, in a faster and easier manner.Key words: man, media, democracy, internet, information, public sphere.

MOTIONS GRAPHIC SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN Enden Siti Romadonah Prodi Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi yang mengharuskan pembelajaran menjadikan lebih modern dan bisa dilakukan dimanapun secara mandiri dengan mengunakan media pembelajaran motions graphic. Dengan pergeseran paradigma yang terjadi akibat perubahan filsafat yang berkembang ke arah digital yang memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi sebagai media. Motions graphic juga digunakan dalam game, film, medis, militer, bisnis, iklan, promosi, olahraga, hobi dan pendidikan maupun pembelajaran. Motions graphic banyak digunakan karena Kekuatan media yang dapat menyentuh banyak ketebatasan peserta didik karena Motions graphic menggabungkan audio visual yang dapat merangsang otak untuk mendapatkan perhatian, pemahaman dan daya ingat. Kata Kunci: Motions graphic Abstract: Technological developments that require learning to make it more modern and can be done anywhere independently by using learning media graphic motions. With the paradigm shift that occurred due to a change in philosophy that developed in a digital direction that took advantage of technological developments as media. Motions graphics are also used in games, film, medical, military, business, advertising, promotion, sports, hobbies and education and learning. Graphic motions are widely used because the power of media can touch many learners' competencies because Motions graphic combines audio visual that can stimulate the brain to get attention, understanding and memory.

This study aimed to determine the practice of internationalization carried out by BeritaSatu Media Holdings in supporting global economic interests of Lippo Group Company. Internationalization is an implication of media industrialization which the media company owner sought to reduce the spatial distance to obtain greater profits. Theory of Political Economy Media used to see how media content represents the interests of certain political economy, especially from media owners. To view the practice of internationalization, the concept of spatialization was used. The analysis showed that the practice of internationalization was done by BeritaSatu Media Holdings visible from nine of thirteen brand-owned media were in English, the media focused on business economics and finance or the life of the upper class, BeritaSatu Media Holdings' media distribution limited in cosmopolitan areas, some media published in Indonesia (The Straits Times, ThePeak) had editions in other countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Of this trend was seen that the reader of BeritaSatu Media Holdings was segmented to the expatriate community and executives. The expatriate community and executives were capital market investors and financial markets, or the part of policy makers in the field of economy both in the private and public sectors who have the power or role for the current financial turnaround either within the scope of national, regional, and multinational.

Nowadays everyone would agree to the growing, urgent need to enhance the understanding and the capacity of process analysis within Media Literacy and Media Education, given the increasing influence of the new media upon life styles and behaviours of all citizens, but especially the younger ones. Indeed, the twin issues of awareness-raising and developing processes to improve media literacy present all Member-States of the European Union, as well as the rest of Europe and the world, with a major challenge. Somehow, it is less important to recognize the problem of media literacy than to discuss how to foster the development and use of educational tools that would help the young generations, today and in the near future, to better develop a critical and informed attitude regarding the media.

This article examines the relationship between the government and the media, arguing that both the government and the media workers can create a compact cooperation against terrorism. This can be used for combating the media strategy applied by the terrorist groups which tend to enjoy conflict with violence to spread their propaganda. Matrixing the changing faces of terrorism and the media's role in a conflict helps to facitilitate the government in handling terrorism.

AbstrakKehadiran al-Qur'an sebagai "media cetak" merupakan himpunan informasi dan pesan-pesan Ilahi yang tersimpan dalam bunyi yang kemudian terabadikan di dalam teks (tulisan). Teks Alqur'an telah memainkan peran yang sangat penting bagi terjalinnya komunikasi antara Tuhan dan manusia dan antara sesama manusia itu sendiri. Di sisi lain, media cetak sebagai media komunikasi massa, selain berfungsi sebagai alat perantara individu atau golongan dengan massa, juga mempunyai fungsi kemasyarakatan, antara lain; alat informasi, alat mendidik, alat menghibur, alat membimbing dan menyalurkan pendapat umum, alat menghubungkan dan alat kontrol.Peluang dakwah dalam kehidupan di era informasi, setidaknya dapat dilihat pada tiga sektor strategis, yaitu pertama, sektor keilmuan dan teknologi dengan berkembangnya semangat religiusitas. Kedua, sektor kekuasaan politik dan birokrasi dengan tumbuhnya semangat religiusitas dari pusat pemerintahan hingga ke desa. Dan ketiga, sektor bisnis dan industri dengan mulai banyaknya keterlibatan tokoh-tokoh pelaku bisnis dan industrialisasi tingkat nasional dalam kegiatan dakwah serta pemberian fasilitas dakwah di pusat-pusat kegiatan kerja.Tantangan dakwah pada sisi lain, yaitu pertama, tantangan sosio-ekonomi yang dapat dicermati dari beberapa hal antaralain pertumbuhan penduduknya tinggi, produktivitas rendah, sumber alam yang belum terkelola baik, tingkat kesejahteraan rendah dan tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Kedua, tantangan sains dan teknologi akibat kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan yang terus berkembang, maka corak kehidupan manusia akan terkurung dalam sistem kompleks dari business science technology, dengan tujuan menghasilkan produk lebih banyak dengan pekerjaan lebih sedikit. Dampak negatifnya mengakibatkan unsur emosional dan spiritual tidak diperhitungkan. Ketiga, tantangan etis religius. Sebagai dampak modernisasi materialis, maka konsekuensinya adalah terjadinya suatu pergeseran kemauan masyarakat dari kemauan alami (natural will) menjadi kemauan rasional (rational will). Dalam proses perubahan ini, kehidupan emosional manusia mengalami erosi dan berlanjut pada pemiskinan spiritual.Kata kunci: Media Cetak, Dakwah, Modernitas.

Struktur pasar media massa Indonesia saat ini cenderung bergerak ke oligopoli. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan pemusatan kekuatan pada 13 konglomerasi media nasional dimana beberapa dari mereka aktif di partai politik. Hal ini berpengaruh pada praktik pers bekerja saat ini dalam membentuk opini publik cenderung menguntungkan pengiklan dan kepentingan konglomerasi. Teori Ekonomi Politik Media (Moscow, 1996) digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas komodifikasi, spasialiasi dan strukturasi. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian Kualitatif Deskriptif pendekatan Fenomenologi. Dari pembahasan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: Dialektika terjadi antara pihak media partisan dengan regulator media massa pada beberapa hal dimana Media Partisan menganggap masyarakat Indonesia adalah khalayak yang sudah pintar dan aktif dalam mengkonsumsi media sementara regulator beranggapan khalayak masih pasif dan mereka tidak punya pilihan dalam mengkonsumsi media. Independensi dan Netralitas adalah konsep yang berbeda dalam praktik pers, sehingga pers sebagai manusia biasa tidak ada yang dapat netral keseluruhan. Regulasi batasan kepemilikan media belum diatur dalam undang-undang kecuali hanya media televisi.

Banyak para ahli komunikasi dunia memberikan pandangan tentang komunikasi massa secara beragam. Semua dilakukan berdasarkan sudut pandang masing-masing untuk melahirkan sebuah pemahaman yang konkrit, jelas dan mudah dipahami oleh semua kalangan terkait komunikasi massa. Diantara ahli komunikasi yang meyampaikan defenisi komunikasi massa untuk diketahui dan dipahami khalayak adalah Bittner mengatakan "komunikasi massa adalah pesan yang dikomunikasikan melalui media massa pada sejumlah besar orang (massa communication is meseeges communicated through a mass medium to a large number of people). Dalam ilmu jurnalistik, media massa yang menyiarkan berita atau informasi disebut juga dengan istilah pers. Menurut undang-undang pokok pers nomor 40 tahun 1999 pasal 1 ayat (1) pers adalah lembaga social dan wahana komunikasi massa yang melaksanakan kegiatan jurnalistik meliputi mencari, memperoleh, memiliki, menyimpan, mengelola dan menyampaikannya sebagai informasi, baik dalam bentuk tulisan, suara, gambar, suara gambar serta data dan grafik menggunakan media massa. Misi yang diemban oleh media massa adalah mengamankan, menjunjung dan menyukseskan pembangunan nasional. Dari defenisi yang diungkapkan oleh para ahli tersebut, maka dapat kita pahami secara sederhana bahwa komunikasi massa adalah proses penyampaian pesan dari seorang komunikator kepada komunikan (khalayak banyak) melalui saluran media massa baik berupa cetak, online, radio dan televisi. Namun dalam pemahaman komunikasi massa, setiap pesan yang disampaikan berisi informasi atau berita penting bagi masyarakat, baik berupa pengumuman, pendidikan, pengetahuan, maupun informasi social, hukum, politik dan budaya yang terjadi dalam kehidupan kita. Bukan pesan (komunikasi) sebagaimana percakapan rutin yang dilakukan oleh dua orang atau lebih di warung atau rumah. Media massa sebagai saluran atau sarana komunikasi telah mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan dari waktu ke waktu, mulai dari surat kabar cetak harian (koran), majalah, berkembang ke era frekuensi atau radio, selanjutnya era signal atau televisi dan kini era jaringan atau internet. Perkembangan media massa ini secara positif semakin memudahkan manusia melakukan berbagai komunikasi terbuka secara massif untuk penyebaran informasi. Namun secara negative, perkembangan teknologi media massa ini juga telah merusak bahkan memutuskan hubungan interaksi social masyarakat. Bahkan manusia cenderung lebih memilih media sebagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi daripada bertemu langsung dan menyampaikan pesan (komunikasi interpersonal).

In Media, Technology, and Society , some of the most prominent figures in media studies explore the issue of media evolution. Focusing on a variety of compelling examples in media history, ranging from the telephone to the television, the radio to the Internet, these essays collectively address a series of notoriously vexing questions about the nature of technological change. Is it possible to make general claims about the conditions that enable or inhibit innovation? Does government regulation tend to protect or thwart incumbent interests? What kinds of concepts are needed to address the relationship between technology and society in a nonreductive and nondeterministic manner? To what extent can media history help us to understand and to influence the future of media in constructive ways? The contributors' historically grounded responses to these questions will be relevant to numerous fields, including history, media and communication studies, management, sociology, and information studies.