Suchergebnisse

As we were writing this chapter, the 2020 election campaign in the US was entering its last week before the elections. There are probably few more news-intensive events in the world than the American presidential elections. The smallest and, in other settings, seemingly irrelevant details of a candidate's behaviour and appearance (a slip of the tongue, the way that they laugh or their temporary memory losses) are immediately picked up by cameras and microphones and publicized across news networks and commented on and shared throughout social media networks in a matter of seconds and minutes, possibly affecting people's attitudes towards particular politicians and parties (directly or indirectly).

Abstract
In this article, Åke Pettersson writes about Sweden's only media programme that continued broadcasting without interruption for more than three decades. Called Vår grundade mening for the most part of its life, it ran into some problems in 2007 and came close to shutdown before re-emerging under the name of Publicerat, the appellation Pettersson prefers when talking about his programme. Since its inception in 1981 up to its demise in 2013, the radio programme has worked as 'watchdog' of the media scene in Sweden. Pettersson won several awards for his observations and discussions of media-related issues in Sweden and beyond. A close examination of the about 1500 episodes that he produced, edited and presented can tell volumes about the history of the Swedish media for over three decades. He starts with a few words about his own programme and then moves to the reaction and responses he has received from both public and private media outlets in Sweden. The article dwells on both positive and negative sides that emanate from a radio programme with a critical angle of the media. He touches upon the collaboration he has had as a practitioner with academia, namely, media journalism scholars. The article, although centring on the Swedish media scene, can have a lot of bearing on how the media may get involved in self-criticism to improve conditions and increase public awareness of media-related issues.

Abstract
Based on longitudinal research on the media coverage of terrorist attacks, this article suggests a model of how the coverage of these attacks may be conceptualized as a media event and explores the function this serves within society. The main assumption of the model is that journalists change their ritual of news coverage when dealing with exceptional terrorist attacks; they abandon their usual normative professional frame that encompasses such activities as critical scrutiny of governmental actions, and assume a national-patriotic coverage frame that seeks to reestablish normality and restore order. The model can be useful in clarifying the media's role following terror event. While media run the risk of reinforcing the terror event by giving it the public stage its perpetrators seek, by acting as patriots and not as professionals, journalists subvert the message of the terrorists, so that instead of passing on a message of terror, dread, and alarm, the media give the attacked country and society a message of solidarity, partnership, and stubborn endurance against the terrorist threat. The model may also be useful for understanding media coverage of other crisis situations apart from massive terror attacks.

Media structures play an important role in explaining media performance. The research on media systems, institutions and organizations developed significantly over the last decade. This volume contains contributions that deal with media structures and their change, the influence of media structures on both media organizations and media content as well as the state of research field.

This article deals with the category of alternative media from a theoretical perspective. It aims to develop a definition and to distinguish different dimensions of alternative media. The article is a contribution to theoretical foundations of alternative media studies. The notion of alternative media as critical media is introduced. Critical media product content shows the suppressed possibilities of existence, antagonisms of reality, and potentials for change. It questions domination, expresses the standpoints of the oppressed and dominated groups and individuals and argues for the advancement of a co-operative society. Critical media product form aims at advancing imagination; it is dialectical because it involves dynamics, non-identity, rupture, and the unexpected. The category of critical media is connected to Negt and Kluge's notion of the counter-public sphere. Critical media can be seen as the communicative dimension of the counter-public sphere.

A media system does not exist in a vacuum. It develops and grows within social, political and economic systems. They interact with and influence one another, as well as stimulate each other's development. The main subject of this work is the dynamically evolving Polish media system, which is under the influence of institutions and external stakeholders. Thanks to this, it is easier to understand that the "crossroads" is not only a problem of the Polish media system, but a global one. For this reason, a comparative perspective is employed. Three chapters help to provide an answer to research questions dedicated to political parallelism and journalistic professionalization. The analysis would be limited and unrepresentative if the book enclosed it with one country's border, omitting the broad global, European and Centro-European context.

What is media literacy? -- Why are media important? -- How do search engines work? -- How do people get the news? -- What is the difference between advertising, public relations, and propaganda? -- Why are we attracted to characters and stories? -- Why do people prefer different kinds of music, movies, and TV shows? -- Who decides what makes media "good"? -- How do people decide who and what to trust? -- How do media companies make money? -- Is social media free? -- Why do people worry about stereotypes? -- Is my brother addicted to media? -- How do people become media literate?

This is a conference paper. ; The comparative study of media systems and their relationships with political systems has received a substantial amount of attention in recent years, and made significant strides in understanding the diversity of mass communication around the world, along with its causes. Yet, while this systemic approach is important, it offers it offers only a partial insight into diversity of global media landscapes and, more generally, into the social implications of mass communication. To gain a fuller grasp of these implications, we need to start from the premise that socially significant communication extends well beyond the traditional domains of politics, and encompasses the mediation of basic cultural ideals and narratives, as well as the structuring of everyday practices and routines. These include the perceptions of private and public life, the understanding of the nation and its position in the world, the modes of organizing daily routines and everyday spaces, the historical events remembered and celebrated on a mass scale, and much more. To investigate these dimensions, this paper develops a conceptual and analytical framework that conceives of media cultures as patterns of ideas and practices that enable mass mediated meaning formation, and that have distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. These media cultures can vary on a number of dimensions, from the extent to which they seek to serve public or private goals, the degree to which they are open to transnational exchanges, to their modes of engaging with the past, present and future. This framework can be applied to different media and cultural forms, and in diverse political and cultural contexts. By way of illustration, the paper outlines how the framework can be used for the comparative study of (analogue) television cultures.

European Mediaprovides a clear, concise account of the structures, dynamics and realities of the changing face of media in Europe. It offers a timely and illuminating appraisal of the issues surrounding the development of new media in Europe and explores debates about the role of the media in the formation of a European public sphere and a European identity. The book argues that Europe offers an ideal context for examining interactions between global, regional and national media processes and its individual chapters consider: the changing structure of the European media; the development of new media; the Europeanization of the media in the region; the challenges for the content; and audiences. Special emphasis is given to the transformation of political communication in Europe and the alleged emergence of a European public sphere and identity. European Media: Structures, Politics and Identityis an invaluable text for courses on media and international studies as well as courses dealing with European and national policy studies. It is also helpful to students, researchers and professionals in the media sector since it combines hard facts with theoretical insight.

Mediennutzung der westdeutschen Bevölkerung im Jahre 1983.

Themen: 1.) Detaillierte Ermittlung des Bekanntheitsgrads und der
Nutzungshäufigkeit von Zeitungen, Zeitschriften,
Abonnementszeitschriften und Lesezirkeln; Bezugsart; detaillierte
Ermittlung von Fernsehgewohnheiten und Beachtung von Werbefernsehen
sowie Werbefunk, unterschieden nach Tageszeit, Werktagen, Wochenenden
und Sendern; Kinobesuch; Reisehäufigkeit und Reiseziele; Reisemonat;
Leseorte von Lesezirkeln und Zeitschriften; Leseniveau;
Fernsehgerätebesitz; Besitz von Radiogeräten und Autoradio; Gartenbesitz
und Gartenart; Haustierbesitz; Art der von der Wohnung aus erreichbaren
öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel; Beschreibung der Wohnsituation in Form der
Stockwerkzahl und des Gebäudealters; Wohnstatus; Wohndauer im Haus;
Heimwerkertätigkeiten und Reparaturen am Haus; eigene sportliche
Aktivitäten und Besuch von Sportveranstaltungen; Einkaufsgewohnheiten
bei Lebensmitteln und Getränken und präferierter Geschäftstyp.

2.) Darüberhinaus wurden folgende Fragen neu ins Befragungsprogramm
aufgenommen:

Häufigkeit der Ausübung ausgewählter Freizeitaktivitäten; Art und
Umfang der Berufstätigkeit; Größe des Bekannten- und Freundeskreises;
Nutzung von Lesemappen; Anzahl der Telefone mit Hauptanschluß;
Zweiradbesitz; Videotextempfang bzw. geplante Anschaffung eines
Videorecorders; Anzahl vorhandener Videokassetten; Anzahl
gekauft-bespielter Videokassetten; Ort, Art und Häufigkeit des
Ausleihens von Videokassetten; Videosystem; Besitz von Videokamera und
Telespielen; Anzahl und Art der im Haushalt vorhandenen
Unterhaltungselektronikgeräte.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Eheschließungsjahr;
Anzahl Ehejahre; Kinderzahl; Konfession; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung;
Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Einkommen; Haushaltseinkommen; Anzahl Personen
mit eigenem Einkommen; Besitz langlebiger Wirtschaftsgüter;
Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Befragter ist
Haushaltsvorstand; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands und der
haushaltsführenden Person; Eheschließungsjahr, Führerscheinbesitz;
Parteipräferenz.

Interviewerrating: Kooperationsbereitschaft; Interesse des Befragten
am Befragungsthema; Interviewdauer; Wochentag des Interviews; Anzahl der
Kontaktversuche.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Regierungsbezirk; Postleitzahl; Bundesland;
Gemeindegrößenklassen nach Boustedt.

Mediennutzung der westdeutschen Bevölkerung im Jahre 1982.

Themen: Detaillierte Ermittlung des Bekanntheitsgrads und der
Nutzungshäufigkeit von Zeitungen, Zeitschriften,
Abonnementszeitschriften und Lesezirkeln; Bezugsart; detaillierte
Ermittlung von Fernsehgewohnheiten und Beachtung von Werbefernsehen
sowie Werbefunk, unterschieden nach Tageszeit, Werktagen, Wochenenden
und Sendern; Kinobesuch; Reisehäufigkeit und Reiseziele; Reisemonat;
Leseorte von Lesezirkeln und Zeitschriften; Leseniveau;
Fernsehgerätebesitz; Besitz von Radiogeräten und Autoradio; Gartenbesitz
und Gartenart; Haustierbesitz; Art der von der Wohnung aus erreichbaren
öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel; Beschreibung der Wohnsituation in Form der
Stockwerkzahl und des Gebäudealters; Wohnstatus; Wohndauer im Haus;
Heimwerkertätigkeiten und Reparaturen am Haus; eigene sportliche
Aktivitäten und Besuch von Sportveranstaltungen; Einkaufsgewohnheiten
bei Lebensmitteln und Getränken und präferierter Geschäftstyp.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Eheschließungsjahr;
Anzahl Ehejahre; Kinderzahl; Konfession; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung;
Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Einkommen; Haushaltseinkommen; Anzahl Personen
mit eigenem Einkommen; Besitz langlebiger Wirtschaftsgüter;
Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Befragter ist
Haushaltsvorstand; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands und der
haushaltsführenden Person; Eheschließungsjahr, Führerscheinbesitz;
Parteipräferenz.

Interviewerrating: Kooperationsbereitschaft; Interesse des Befragten
am Befragungsthema; Interviewdauer; Wochentag des Interviews; Anzahl der
Kontaktversuche.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Regierungsbezirk; Postleitzahl; Bundesland;
Gemeindegrößenklassen nach Boustedt.