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It has long been noticed that the problem of public information provision has shifted from collecting and selling information to protecting the public from disinformation, and to inability to follow all the information published about any topic. Media coverage in times of crisis, such as the pandemic, has revealed and heightened the extent of the problem of public information provision. In this paper, we present our belief that professional journalists have not responded well to their basic task — providing accurate, impartial, reliable and important information to the public. Instead, the media has often published information based on assumptions, emotions and views of interest to certain social groups, rather than the general public. The banning of large gatherings and events that are a common source of information, limited movement of people and journalists, focus on official sources with limited ability for data verification, extensive use of social media and general disruption of daily editorial routines, have led to the non-compliance with the core principles of journalism. Instead of facts, the media were dominated by interpretations and emotions, which, in combination with poor general media literacy, has led to the spread of fear and distrust in media and institutions. In this paper, we advocate adherence to the Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on protecting freedom of expression and information in times of crisis (adopted in 2007), and improvement in general media literacy in society, so that the media can effectively perform their social role, and the citizens can critically evaluate information available in times of crisis.

Geht es um die mediale Repräsentanz von Politikerinnen und Politikern beschränken sich die meisten empirischen Studien auf den zeitlich eingegrenzten Zeitraum der Wahlkampfkommunikation. Der Beitrag hingegen widmet sich der alltäglichen Politikvermittlung der Medien. Eine Längsschnittstudie zur politischen Berichterstattung des Österreichischen Rundfunks (ORF) macht deutlich, dass der Anteil der Politikerinnen in den Nachrichten des ORF im Schnitt um mehr als ein Drittel unter dem Frauenanteil des Parlaments und der Regierung liegt. Die Häufigkeit des Vorkommens von Politikerinnen unterliegt dabei großen Schwankungen, insofern als der gender gap mit der Eliten- und Ereigniszentrierung der Medien interagiert. Ferner lässt sich aufgrund der empirischen Daten zeigen, dass die mediale Politikvermittlung nach wie vor von einer geschlechterstereotypen Themenzuordnung geprägt ist. (RG2)

International audience ; This study looked at how the media framed biosolids, or treated sewage sludge, from 1994 to 2004 by analyzing the 13 media frames found in 286 biosolid-related articles from newspapers in Florida, Virginia, and California. The researchers found the articles framed biosolids as a regulatory or legal issue most often, and most of the frames' tones were neutral (1,958). However, negative tone (507) happened three times more often than positive tone (149), and environmental, management, and public nuisance framing tended to be more negative than any of the other frames. Neither the frames themselves nor the tones had statistically significant changes over the past decade. Regarding the sources used in the stories, the most frequent source was local government officials, which were used twice as frequently as any other source, followed by corporations (16 percent) and citizens (14 percent). These findings should help biosolid producers and officials in developing a media strategy that is proactive toward shaping public opinion rather than reactive to an issue that makes its way to the media and spurs public concern.

This study looked at how the media framed biosolids, or treated sewage sludge, from 1994 to 2004 by analyzing the 13 media frames found in 286 biosolid-related articles from newspapers in Florida, Virginia, and California. The researchers found the articles framed biosolids as a regulatory or legal issue most often, and most of the frames' tones were neutral (1,958). However, negative tone (507) happened three times more often than positive tone (149), and environmental, management, and public nuisance framing tended to be more negative than any of the other frames. Neither the frames themselves nor the tones had statistically significant changes over the past decade. Regarding the sources used in the stories, the most frequent source was local government officials, which were used twice as frequently as any other source, followed by corporations (16 percent) and citizens (14 percent). These findings should help biosolid producers and officials in developing a media strategy that is proactive toward shaping public opinion rather than reactive to an issue that makes its way to the media and spurs public concern.

AbstractThe political preferences of those with high and low incomes are highly correlated, and both groups become less supportive of redistributive spending as economic inequality increases. This article looks for a source of these interincome group correlations by examining trends in media coverage. We find that during periods of higher inequality, media coverage is more likely to focus on the personal characteristics of welfare recipients rather than the social consequences and causes of poverty. Observational and experimental data indicate that this shift in media frames can predict declining support for welfare spending, even for those with lower incomes who might benefit from redistribution. These findings help explain the reactions of the American public to rising inequality.

Mediale Berichterstattung spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanzbildung der landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung. Berichterstattung wird über Medien-Frames – vereinfachte Deutungsmuster einer komplexen gesellschaftlichen Debatte – charakterisiert. Da Medieninhaltsanalysen zur landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung in Deutschland Medien-Frames bisher nicht empirisch bestimmt haben, ist die Vielfalt und Komplexität von Medien-Frames möglicherweise nicht ausreichend beschrieben worden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung identifiziert Medien-Frames der landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung empirisch mit einem manuell-dimensionsreduzierenden Ansatz. Als Datengrundlage dienen 1282 Artikel aus den Jahren 2010 bis 2015 aus allgemeinen Printmedien, aus landwirtschaftlichen Fachmedien sowie von Publikationen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs). Durch eine Inhaltsanalyse werden Frame-Elemente als einzelne Bestandteile eines Frames analysiert. Auf Basis der Frame-Elemente werden mittels einer Clusteranalyse Medien-Frames empirisch bestimmt. Im Ergebnis können mit der Clusteranalyse neun sehr unterschiedliche Medien-Frames identifiziert werden, die zeigen, dass über landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung in Printmedien in sehr vielfältigen Deutungsrahmen berichtet wird. Während in einzelnen Frames eine wirtschaftliche und praxisorientierte Nutzenperspektive eigenommen wird, werden in anderen Frames die negativen Auswirkungen für die gehaltenen Tiere fokussiert und die Verantwortung der Gesellschaft betont. In einem anderen Frame wird vor allem über landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung berichtet, wenn aus Verbrauchersicht ein Anlass besteht oder im Kontext von politischen Entscheidungen. In anderen Frames wird zudem verstärkt über das Image der landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung berichtet. Einzelne Medien-Frames kommen in bestimmten Medien und in bestimmten Zeitabschnitten gehäuft vor. Die empirische Ermittlung von Medien-Frames ermöglicht es, die Vielfalt der Berichterstattung über landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung differenzierter als bisher zu erfassen. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht der empirische Ansatz zur Frame-Bestimmung die Medienberichterstattung zu strukturieren und einer vertiefenden Analyse zugänglich zu machen. ; Media reporting plays a central role in the process of forming social acceptance of agricultural animal husbandry. Reporting is characterized by media frames – simplified patterns of interpretation of a complex social debate. Since media content analyses concerning agricultural animal husbandry in Germany have not yet empirically determined media frames, the diversity and complexity of media frames may not have been sufficiently described. The present study identifies media frames of agricultural animal husbandry empirically with a manual dimension-reducing approach. The data basis is 1282 articles from the years 2010 to 2015 from general print media, farmers' media and publications of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A content analysis identifies frame elements as individual components of a frame. Based on the frame elements, media frames are determined empirically by means of a cluster analysis. As a result, nine very different media frames can be identified with the cluster analysis, showing that reporting about agricultural animal husbandry in print media occurs in very diverse frames. While in some frames an economic and practice-oriented benefit perspective is adopted, other frames focus on the negative effects on the animals kept and emphasize the responsibility of society. In another frame, agricultural animal husbandry is mainly reported on if there is a reason to do so from the consumer's point of view or in the context of political decisions. Other frames also report more about the image of agricultural animal husbandry. Individual media frames occur frequently in specific media and at specific time intervals. The empirical determination of media frames allows a more differentiated coverage of the diversity of media reports about agricultural animal husbandry than before. At the same time, the empirical approach to frame identification allows the structuring of media coverage and makes it accessible for in-depth analysis.

Employing content analysis, this study compares the coverage of the Arab uprisings by the People's Daily (the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China) and Caixin Net (a typical commercial media) with statements from the Chinese Foreign Ministry in the last decade. It shows that the overall attention given to Arab uprisings in the People's Daily and Caixin Net declined during the period, but there were shifts in the framing of the conflicts, presentation of issues, and positions. The article demonstrates and analyses how the approach and outline of the conflicts in the People's Daily changed from disaster to criticism, and then to comparison - its position towards the events generally negative - and how Caixin Net moved from a disaster to a contextual framing of the events, its position tending to be neutral.

Hoax often appears with massive political momentum, such as the atmosphere of the Presidential Election campaign. Its appearance is often related to other issues and can lead to confrontations on social media such as hatred, blasphemy, and humiliation. On October 2, 2018, the news of Ratna Sarumpaet being persecuted appeared on the internet. It was linked to imposing another camp after her several political colleagues echoed the report everywhere. It didn't take a long time for the police officer to uncover the truth, which turned out to be a hoax. The formulation of this research problem is how Detik.com's online news portal frames, selects, and highlights the news about hoax cases created by Ratna Sarumpaet. This study aims to determine the 1) syntactic structure of the online news portal Detik.com through the hoax case about Ratna Sarumpaet, 2) to know how journalists tell the facts (scripts) used by Detik.com by referring to their vision and mission in emphasizing hoax about Ratna Sarumpaet, 3) to understand the thematic structure by identifying the involvement of Detik.com media in reporting hoax cases of Ratna Sarumpaet, and 4) to find out the rhetorical structure by emphasizing the fact in the case of Ratna Sarumpaet's hoax. The researcher used a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques through online media data tracking techniques and by reviewing documents and archives. The analysis theory used was the framing analysis by Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki. This research indicates that Detik.com focuses more on high site traffic and a massive amount of visitors or readers. The profit from the income received can maintain good relations between the company and the stakeholders.