Suchergebnisse

Der Prozeß der Akzeptanz einer Innovation, dargestellt am Beispiel
eines neu eingeführten medizinischen Präparates in den Vereinigten
Staaten.

Themen: Interesse der Patienten an ärztlicher Aufklärung über die
Verschreibung; Einstellung zu Verschreibungswünschen der Patienten;
Beurteilung der neueren pharmazeutischen Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der
Erleichterungen für die ärztliche Tätigkeit; Informationsquellen über
neue Therapiemethoden; Kollegenkontakte; Bezug sowie Beurteilung des
Informationsgehalts von medizinischen oder pharmakologischen
Zeitschriften; präferierte Quelle medizinischer Informationen; Angaben
zu Behandlungserfolgen mit ausgewählten Präparaten; Beurteilung des
Images und der Forschungsaufwendungen verschiedener pharmazeutischer
Hersteller; Beurteilung des Medikamentenangebots durch die
Pharmaindustrie; Einstellung zur Kommerzialisierung des Pharmabereichs;
Einstellung zu einer öffentlichen Krankenversorgung; Einstellung zu
Ärztinnen; Beurteilung des Hygieneverhaltens der Amerikaner; Einstellung
zur Psychosomatik und zur Psychiatrie; berufliches Selbstbild; relatives
Sozialprestige ausgewählter Berufe; Bekannten- und Freundeskreis;
konservative bzw. fortschrittliche Einstellungen; Mitgliedschaft in
einem Berufsverband; Teilnahme an Kongressen; eigene
Meinungsführerschaft; regionale Herkunft; Ortsansässigkeit und
Ortsverbundenheit des eigenen Patientenstammes; soziales Netzwerk unter
den Berufskollegen.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Religiosität; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung; soziale Herkunft.

Interviewerrating: Interviewdauer; Ort des Interviews;
Schichtzugehörigkeit der Patienten im Wartesaal; ausgelegte
Zeitschriften im Wartesaal; Beurteilung der Modernität der Einrichtung
des Wartesaals.

AbstractTwentieth Century medical education has stressed the basic sciences to the neglect of the humanities. The intent of this commentary is to explore the humanities' role and contribution to the professional formation of the physician. A major change on the United States' medical school admission exam starting in 2015 is a move away from its current focus on natural sciences and begins to incorporate a wider breath of liberal studies and social sciences. The ideal 21st Century physician is a more well rounded person who can interact on a deeper level with patients and not by a narrow spectrum of intellectual interests. The 21st Century curriculum has a unique opportunity to reflect and build upon professional values and attributes informed by the humanities, particularly as the latter relate to the role of the physician in society. It is important to be creative in constructing opportunities for humanities learning experiences and resources within the scope and structure of the curriculum. It is necessary to think in more innovative ways as to the experiential learning environment that targets professional formation, and for a more broadly and humanly educated physician.

A focus on the interplay between medical law and medical ethics makes this refreshing new textbook the most balanced approach available to students of law and medicine. By offering a unique chapter structure which gives equal weight to both the legal and ethical issues it allows for an appreciation of all factors at play in the field of medical law. In addition, its student-friendly writing style combined with critical analysis gives students the tools to engage with key issues and form their own understanding. Accompanying online case studies convey the law in practice, and encourage students to consider their own views and arguments in terms of legal analysis and ethical consideration. Coverage of recent judicial cases and statutes, with a good balance of factual detail and critical analysis, allows students to engage with this evolving discipline.

Since 1847, the AMA Code of Medical Ethics has set out the ethical commitments that define medicine as a profession. Through the Principles of Medical Ethics and Opinions of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs that interpret them, the AMA Code provides timely, practical ethics guidance for physicians across the profession, regardless of specialty.

Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence: The Conceptual Landscape -- A Historical Perspective on the Relationship Between Law and Morality -- Law and the Physician-Patient Relationship: Informed Consent in Theory and practice -- From Autonomy to Prospective Autonomy: Advance Directives in Bioethics, Law and Public Policy -- Constitutional Liberty and Privacy: The Supreme Court and the Physician-Patient Relationship -- The dance of Intimacy: Abortion, Medical Ethics and the Constitution -- Death, Dying, and the Responsibility of the Ethical Physician -- The New Synergy — Bioethics in Court -- Lessons Learned and Prospects for the Future of Medical Jurisprudence and Bioethics.

The following circular letter was sent by the ICRC and League chief medical officers to all the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies with a view to rationalizing consignments of medicaments and medical material for emercency medical actions. The circular letter contains practical advice and precise rules to be observed when selecting and packaging emergency relief medicaments.The success of emergency action in cases of natural disaster or armed conflict depends of the degree of preparedness of personnel and material: it is not necessarily proportional to the number of volunteers or the volume of relief supplies hastily dispatched.

Medical law inevitably involves decision-making, but the types of decisions that need to be made vary in nature, from those that are purely technical to others that contain an inherent ethical content. In this paper we identify the different types of decisions that need to be made, and explore whether the law, the medical profession, or the individual doctor is best placed to make them. We also argue that the law has failed in its duty to create a coherent foundation from which such decision-making might properly be regulated, and this has resulted in a haphazard legal framework that contains no consistency. We continue by examining various medico-legal topics in relation to these issues before ending by considering the risk of demoralisation. ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print

Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Medical Ethics Before Hippocrates -- 3. Hippocrates and Greece -- 4. Rome, Barbarians and Medieval Codes -- 5. Far East: China -- 6. Near and Middle East -- 7. Portugal, Italy, England -- 8. Statement and initial development of Medical ethics In the 19th and 20th centuries -- 9. Italy -- 10. Ethics and Professionality -- 11. U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. -- 12. Informed Consent -- 13. Medical Ethics in the World -- 14. The catholic doctor's prayers Vatican city -- 15. Ethics In The 20th And 21st Centuries -- 16. Medical ethics and bioethics In the 20th century -- 17. Ethics Committees -- 18. Update to years 2020, 2021 and 2022, with information on COVID-19.

The concept of paternalism, normally applied to interference with liberty of action for the good of the person interfered with, should be extended to withholding information or lying with the same intent. Surveys & statements of individual physicians indicate that this form of paternalism is widespread in medical practice. Arguments for this practice appeal either to the primary duty to prevent harm, to an implied contract with the patient for the prevention of such harm, or to the patient's incapacity to understand the situation. These arguments confuse technological & moral competence, assuming that the superior knowledge of physicians, in medical matters amounts to superior ability to solve moral problems arising in medical practice. W. H. Stoddard.