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Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents: -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Establishing Medical Ethics -- 1: The United Nations Adheres to a Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights -- 2: Medical Professionals Around the World Face Complicated Ethical Codes -- 3: European Medical Professionals Are Guided by Ethical Principles -- 4: The Vatican Outlines Biomedical Ethics -- 5: In Australia, Medical Ethics Demand Acceptance of Cultural Diversity -- 6: In India, Some Medical Professionals Are Not Ethical -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Medical Ethics and the End of Life -- 1: In India, Palliative Care Follows Ethical Guidelines -- 2: In Ireland, Ethical Debate on Euthanasia Is Banned -- 3: Australians Debate the Medical Ethics of Euthanasia -- 4: In the United Kingdom, Euthanasia Should Be Legal -- 5: In the United Kingdom, Euthanasia Should Be Illegal -- 6: Canadian Ethicists Debate the Definition of Death -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Medical Ethics and Organ Transplantation -- 1: Worldwide, Doctors Consider Global Organ Trafficking Unethical -- 2: In Scotland, a System of Presumed Consent Would Solve the Organ Shortage -- 3: China Takes Steps Against Organ Trafficking -- 4: In Hong Kong, Volunteer Organ Donations Cause Ethical Dilemmas -- 5: The European Union Opposes the Sale of Human Organs -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Ethics and Medical Research -- 1: The World Medical Association Establishes Ethical Principles for Medical Research -- 2: India Is a Prime Destination for Unethical Clinical Trials -- 3: In the Southern Hemisphere, Some AIDS Researchers Use Unethical Practices -- 4: The Japanese Government Tightens Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research

Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Medical Ethics Before Hippocrates -- 3. Hippocrates and Greece -- 4. Rome, Barbarians and Medieval Codes -- 5. Far East: China -- 6. Near and Middle East -- 7. Portugal, Italy, England -- 8. Statement and initial development of Medical ethics In the 19th and 20th centuries -- 9. Italy -- 10. Ethics and Professionality -- 11. U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. -- 12. Informed Consent -- 13. Medical Ethics in the World -- 14. The catholic doctor's prayers Vatican city -- 15. Ethics In The 20th And 21st Centuries -- 16. Medical ethics and bioethics In the 20th century -- 17. Ethics Committees -- 18. Update to years 2020, 2021 and 2022, with information on COVID-19.

The second edition of Medical Ethics deals accessibly with a broad range of significant issues in bioethics, and presents the reader with the latest developments. This new edition has been greatly revised and updated, with half of the sections written specifically for this new volume. An accessible introduction for beginners, offering a combination of important established essays and new essays commissioned especially for this volumeGreatly revised - half of the selections are new to this edition, including two essays on genetic enhancement and a section on gender

pt. 1. Formulating a moral methodology. Ethical decision-making in the medical context -- pt. 2. Ethical issues at life's beginning. Abortion -- Assisted reproduction -- Caring for compromised newborns -- pt. 3. Moral responses to new technologies. Applications of genetic science -- Fetal tissue : tissue and transplants -- Artificially provided nutrition and hydration -- pt. 4. Ethical responses to sickness. HIV/AIDS -- Experimentation in medicine -- Organ retrieval and transplantation -- pt. 5. Ethical issues at the end of life. Advance directives -- Euthanasia -- Important distinctions -- pt. 6. Ethical issues for health care professionals. Paternalism and autonomy -- Professionalism in health care occupations -- pt. 7. Medicine and the common good. Roles of the courts, government and professional societies in biomedical ethics -- Providing health care in the United States -- Appendix : Continued reading and research on issues in medical ethics

Includes bibliographical references and index. ; v. 1. Sect. I. Medical ethics. The moral foundations of the patient-physician relationship: the essence of medical ethics / Edmund D. Pellegrino -- Theories of medical ethics: the philosphical structure / David C. Thomasma -- Clinical ethics: the art of medicine / John Collins Harvey -- The science behind the art: empirical research on medical ethics / Daniel P. Sulmasy -- Sect. II. Military ethics. The profession of arms and the officer corps / Anthony E. Hartle -- Honor, combat ethics, and military culture / Faris R. Kirkland -- The military and its relationship to the society it serves / Nicholas G. Fotion -- Just war doctrine and the international law of war / William V. O'Brien, Anthony C. Arend -- The soldier and autonomy / Sandra L. Visser -- Sect. III. The synthesis of medicine and the military. Physician-soldier: a moral profession / William Madden, Brian S. Carter -- Physician-soldier: a moral dilemma? / Victor W. Sidel, Barry Levy -- Mixed agency in military medicine: ethical roles in conflict / Edmund G. Howe -- v. 2. Sect. IV. Medical ethics in the military. Medical ethics on the battlefield: the crucible of military medical ethics / Thomas E. Beam -- Nazi medical ethics: ordinary doctors? / Robert N. Proctor -- Nazi hypothermia research: should the data be used? / Robert S. Pozos -- Japanese biomedical experimentation during the World-War-II era / Sheldon H. Harris -- The Cold War and beyond: covert and deceptive American medical experimentation / Susan E. Lederer -- Medical ethics in military biomedical research / Michael E. Frisina -- The human volunteer in military biomedical research / Paul J. Amoroso, Lynn L. Wenger -- Nursing ethics and the military / Janet R. Southby -- Religious and cultural considerations in military healthcare / David M. DeDonato, Rick D. Mathis -- Societal influences and the ethics of military healthcare / Jay Stanley -- Military medicine in war: the Geneva Conventions today / Lewis C. Vollmar, Jr. -- Military medicine in humanitarian missions / Joan T. Zajtchuk -- Military humanitarian assistance: the pitfalls and promise of good intentions / Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, Robert L. Mott -- A look toward the future / Thomas E. Beam, Edmund G. Howe -- A proposed ethics for military medicine / Thomas E. Beam, Edmund G. Howe. ; Mode of access: Internet.

chapter 1. Primer on ethical theories in medical ethics / Rebecca Feinberg, Craig M. Klugman -- chapter 2. Reproductive technologies / L. Syd M. Johnson -- chapter 3. A conversation on the ethics of abortion / Bertha Alvarez Manninen -- chapter 4. Genetic testing : ethical, legal, and social issues / Cheryl J. Erwin -- chapter 5. Genetic interventions : therapy and enhancement / Keisha Ray -- chapter 6. Neuroethics / Karen S. Rommelfanger, Julia Marshall, Paul Root Wolpe -- chapter 7. Perparing for the end of life / Nicole M. Tolwin, Craig M. Klugman -- chapter 8. Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia : death as treatment? / Lois Snyder Sulmasy -- chapter 9. Truth and deception in health care / Julija Kelecevic, Andrea Frolic -- chapter 10. Confidentiality / Robert S. Olick -- chapter 11. Consent / Stephen S. Hanson -- chapter 12. Conflicts of interest / Howard Brody -- chapter 13. Clinical ethics consultation / D. Micah Hester -- chapter 14. Organ transplants / Aviva M. Goldberg -- chapter 15. Modern research ethics / Sean Philpott-Jones -- chapter 16. Public health ethics / Daniel Goldberg.

The essays in this book, written by researchers from both humanities and science, describe various theoretical and experimental approaches to adding medical ethics to a machine, what design features are necessary in order to achieve this, philosophical and practical questions concerning justice, rights, decision-making and responsibility in medical contexts, and accurately modeling essential physician-machine-patient relationships. In medical settings, machines are in close proximity with human beings: with patients who are in vulnerable states of health, who have disabilities of various kinds, with the very young or very old and with medical professionals. Machines in these contexts are undertaking important medical tasks that require emotional sensitivity, knowledge of medical codes, human dignity and privacy. As machine technology advances, ethical concerns become more urgent: should medical machines be programmed to follow a code of medical ethics? What theory or theories should constrain medical machine conduct? What design features are required? Should machines share responsibility with humans for the ethical consequences of medical actions? How ought clinical relationships involving machines to be modeled? Is a capacity for empathy and emotion detection necessary? What about consciousness? This collection is the first book that addresses these 21st-century concerns.