"Contemporary challenges related to walls, borders and encirclement, such as migration, integration, and endemic historical conflicts, can only be understood properly from a long-term perspective. This book seeks to go beyond conventional definitions of the long durée by locating the social practice of walling and encirclement in the broadest context of human history, integrating insights from archaeology and anthropology. Such an approach, far from being simply academic, has crucial contemporary relevance, as its focus on origins helps to locate the essential dynamics of this practice, and provides a rare external position from which to view the phenomenon as a transformative exercise, with the area walled serving as an artificial womb or matrix. The modern world, with its ingrained ideas of borders, nation states and other entities, often makes it is very difficult to gain a critical distance and detachment to see beyond conventional perspectives. The unique approach of this book offers an antidote to this problem. Cases discussed in the book range from Palaeolithic caves, the ancient walls of Göbekli Tepe, Jericho, and Babylon, to the foundation of Rome, the Chinese Empire, medieval Europe and the Berlin Wall. The book also looks at contemporary developments such as the Palestinian wall, Eastern and Southern European examples, Trump's proposed Mexican wall, the use of Greece as a bulwark containing migration flows, and the transformative experience of voluntary work in a Calcutta hospice. In doing so, the book offers a political anthropology of one of the most fundamental yet perennially problematic human practices: the constructing of walls. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political theory"--
Media and risk : an introduction / Bhaskar Sarkar and Bishnupriya Ghosh -- Has risk a history? / Gaspar Mairal -- Risk : the origin of the word in medieval commerce and poetry / Wolf Kittler -- Insurance and the language of risk in early modern political thought / Emily Nacol -- Hazardous individualism / Jason Puskar -- Risk media in medicine : the rise of the metaclinical health app ecosystem / Kirsten Ostherr -- The algorithm dispositif : risk and automation in the age of #datapolitik / Davide Panagia -- The perils of migration : countervailing mediations of risk at the EU's Maritime Frontier / Charles Heller and Lorenzo Pezzani -- Mediating expertise : uncertain risks of electromagnetic pollution / Rahul Mukherjee -- Preparedness documents after the fact / Lindsay Thomas -- Is there a ghost in the computer? A spectrology of uncanny risks / Projit Bihari Mukharji -- New media at risk, or when the future ain't what it used to be / Tim Murray -- Into the beyond : a conversation with Michael Madsen / Bishnupriya Ghosh and Bhaskar Sarkar -- Chernobyl, risk, and the inter-zone of the anthropocene / Adrian Iakhiv -- Risk, law, and media : a case of climate change / Ariel C. Nelson and Janet Walker -- Media/Meteōra / Greg Siegel -- Red dot sight / Colin Milburn and Rita Raley -- The safety / Jordan Crandall -- Tunnel risk and the mediation of border security spectacle / Juan Llamas Rodriguez -- Floating architectures : fantasises of safety in oceanic riskscapes / Melody Jue -- Corrections to the first draft of history / Raqs Media Collective -- Social media and the social question : speculations on risk media society / Joshua Neves -- Your brain on screens : neuronal risk and media addiction / Tom Lamarre -- Risk's fraught mediascape / Jeff Scheible -- 'One little seed blowing in the wind' : risk media in trans-species biogovernance / John Shiga -- Reflections on risk, media, and the reasonable animated by a trial by jury / Lawrence Cohen -- Cruising sex, surviving desire / Daren Fowler -- Skin out of the game : virtual gambling in novel spaces / Alex Mirowski and Edward Castronova -- Risk as aesthetic virtue / Vinzenz Hediger -- Notes on dissent and risk / Ricardo Dominguez -- Trigger warnings and the disciplining of cinema and media pedagogy / Lucas Hilderbrand -- A path so twisted - staying off the straight and narrow / Jack Halberstam -- The risk of tolerance : feminist killjoys, the creative humanities, and the belligerent university / Karen Redrobe.
The broad historical context : the rise of the Ottoman empire and the formation of Muslim communities in the Balkans as an integral part of the ottomanization of the region -- The rise of the Ottomans, ca. 1300-ca. 1550 : an overview -- The Ottoman transformation from a frontier principality to an imperial bureaucratic regime -- The formation of Muslim communities in the Ottoman Balkans in historiography and memory -- 1.3.1 Major theories of the formation and development of Muslim communities in the Ottoman Balkans -- 1.3.2 Assessment of the theories of the formation of Muslim communities in the Ottoman Balkans -- Colonization, settlement, and faith in the Balkans in the early Ottoman period (ca. 1352 to early 16th century) -- Colonization and settlement in the early Ottoman Balkans : historical and historiographic overview -- The abdals of Rum(eli) and their allies : "heterodox" Islam, Turcoman colonization, and legitimacy (late 14th-early 16th centuries) -- Conquest, colonization, and authority in the early Ottoman Balkans in the light of heterodox hagiographic works : the velayetnames of Seyyid ali Sultan (kızıl deli) and Otman baba -- 2.3.1 Kızıl deli, Rüstem gazi, and the conquest of the Balkans -- 2.3.2. Otman baba -- The northeastern Balkans from the late medieval period to the late fifteenth century : pre-Ottoman Turcoman invasions and migrations, the Ottoman conquest, and the "turbulent" fifteenth century. Deliorman and Gerlovo as a "special case" -- Introduction -- Turcoman involvement in the northeastern Balkans prior to the Ottoman conquest -- 3.2.1. Pontic Turcoman incursions into the Balkans in the pre-Ottoman period -- 3.2.2 The migration of Seljuk Turks to Dobrudja and the role of Sarı Saltık -- The northeastern Ottoman Balkans in the "turbulent" fifteenth century -- 3.3.1 The battle of Ankara and the Ottoman interregnum -- 3.3.2 The revolt of Sheykh Bedreddin -- 3.3.3 The crusade of Varna (1444) and the invasion of Vlad III Tepes south of the Danube (1461-1462) -- Patterns of demographic and socio-economic development in Deliorman and Gerlovo in the late fifteenth century. Deliorman and Gerlovo as a "special case" -- The repopulation of Deliorman and Gerlovo's countryside in the sixteenth century -- The re-population of Deliorman and Gerlovo in the sixteenth century : sürgün and göç, the role of the state and its limits -- Major aspects of rural Deliorman and Gerlovo's demographic transformation in the sixteenth century : Turcoman re-population, conversion to Islam, the rise of Derbend villages, and Christian-Muslim co-existence in the light of Ottoman tax registers -- 4.2.1 The development of the settlement network -- 4.2.2. demographic analysis by settlement size -- 4.2.3 demographic analysis by overall population size and status of taxpayers -- 4.2.4 major agents of Turcoman colonization in the countryside : yürüks and other nomadic or semi-nomadic groups, dervishes, and descendants of the prophet -- 4.2.5 Waqf (pious endowment) villages -- 4.2.6 Derbend villages -- The development of the urban network in sixteenth-century Deliorman. the emergence of Hezargrad and Eski Cuma, the transformation of Shumnu into an Islamic city, and the decline of Chernovi -- Introduction : the Islamic city, the Ottoman city, and the Ottoman Balkan city -- The emergence of Ottoman Hezargrad (mod. Razgrad) -- 5.2.1 Ancient and medieval background -- 5.2.2 The emergence of a new Ottoman town -- 5.2.3 The socio-economic development of Hezargrad -- The growth and transformation of Shumnu (Shumen) into an Ottoman town -- 5.3.1 The socio-economic development of Shumnu -- The decline of Chernovi (Cherven) -- The rise of Eski Cuma (Cuma-i atik, mod. Targovishte) -- Concluding remarks -- Religion, culture, and authority : two case studies -- Introduction -- Demir baba and the abdals of Rum of Otman baba's branch in Deliorman and Gerlovo -- 6.2.1 the abdals of Rum of Otman baba's branch from the death of Otman baba to Demir baba's emergence as "pole of poles" -- 6.2.2 The life of Demir baba as "pole" in the light of his velayetname -- 6.2.2.1 Debate and contest marvels and recognition : Demir baba's image as an axial saint and communal leader -- 6.2.2.2 Demir baba and the community : the saint as an epitome of power, justice, and generosity -- 6.2.2.3 Demir baba as a gazi -- 6.2.2.4 Demir baba and the Ottoman dynasty, state, and political order -- 6.2.2.5 Demir baba and his spiritual and sectarian rivals -- 6.2.2.6 positioning the abdals of Rum (of Otman baba's branch) in the Ottoman sectarian and socio-cultural spectrum -- The foundation of Hezargrad as an assertion of the Ottoman imperial order -- Issues in religion, culture, and authority : conversion to Islam and confessionalization -- Conversion to Islam in Deliorman and Gerlovo -- 7.1.1. conversion to Islam in the countryside : general remarks -- 7.1.2 "Colonizing heterodox dervishes" and conversion to Islam -- 7.1.3 Conversion and converts to Islam in the urban centers : the cases of Hezargrad and Shumnu -- 7.1.3.1 conversion and converts in sixteenth-century Hezargrad -- 7.1.3.2. conversion and converts in Shumnu -- Confessionalization and confession building : insights from Deliorman and Gerlovo
"Most Americans and Europeans have by now heard of Shariah. In the West, politicians, media commentators, televangelists, and others have stoked fears that Muslims intend to impose a repressive rule based on Shariah in America and Europe. Shariah has been portrayed as a medieval system that oppresses women, stifles human rights, and imposes harsh punishments like stoning and amputation. In reality, however, Shariah is a complex concept that has been interpreted in many ways over time and around the world. It plays a vital role in the lives of Muslims around the world, offering guidance on everything from personal morality to ritual practices, family life, and finance. In this timely addition to Oxford's What Everyone Needs to Know® series, John Esposito and Natana DeLong-Bas offer an accessible and thorough guide to this little-understood, but often caricatured system. The book provides clear and even-handed answers to a wide range of questions, covering the history, development, content, and practice of Shariah. What are its origins? What is a Shariah court and how does it work? How does a person become a Muslim in the eyes of Islamic law? Does Islamic law allow Muslims to marry non-Muslims? What are blasphemy laws, and how are they enforced? How does Islamic law govern trade and contracts of sale? Do Muslims in the West want Shariah Law? Is there a need to protect American and European societies from the imposition of Shariah? By answering the questions that so many people have about Shariah and its role in Muslim life, this book makes an invaluable contribution to the crucial task of fostering mutual understanding in our globalizing, pluralistic societies." -- Amazon.com
In classical political & politicoeconomic theory, the opposition of the traditional & the modern is set in the very conception of political & social bodies in motion, & in their change power -- vs the antique & medieval conception. In contemporary science, as it is surveyed in this study, the political "duration" & "change" are the key mediation point of all development & change. They are often treated as a modernization rather than a transformation of a genuine polity. This is a significant difficulty in political action & its complex strategy. Strategy of change & development of a polity must include "choice" in evaluations of its proper state & the state of its referring environment, of their predictable internal & external changes, of various options, & of their alternative potential development scenarios in crossing. It is a combination of a prospective history of the complex societal change & development, & of an implementation of its own meaning of action. This combination must be founded in focused specialist analysis of comparative politicoeconomic processes whose foundation is in theories of national & world systems, & in general political & politicoeconomic theory. In a Schumpeterian equilibrium & disequilibrium relation of development of the politicoeconomic system, a permanent unexpected penetration of 'practical action' intensifies the 'Hume's fork' of analytical models without a general theory, especially the theory of the state. Almond & Pye's theory of political development dissociated itself from the development & analysis of an individual political system. Inside political system boundaries it isolated itself from major sources of real political change & development -- instead developing a politological approach to problems of the polity. Convergent general & special theories in social sciences, with a differentiation in disciplinary scientific approaches -- are the necessity of the new political economy as much as theory of complex development & change. Adapted from the source document.
Ordering Customs explores how Renaissance Venetians sought to make sense of human difference in a period characterized by increasing global contact and a rapid acceleration of the circulation of information. Venice was at the center of both these developments. The book traces the emergence of a distinctive tradition of ethnographic writing that served as the basis for defining religious and cultural difference in new ways. Taylor draws on a trove of unpublished sources-diplomatic correspondence, court records, diaries, and inventories-to show that the study of customs, rituals, and ways of life not only became central in how Venetians sought to apprehend other peoples, but also had a very real impact at the level of policy, shaping how the Venetian state governed minority populations in the city and its empire. In contrast with the familiar image of ethnography as the product of overseas imperial and missionary encounters, the book points to a more complicated set of origins
Gelehrt und erzählerisch leicht führt der Kirchenhistoriker Diarmaid MacCulloch in diesem großen, mehrfach ausgezeichneten Werk durch die revolutionäre Epoche der Reformation. Über die Ereignisse in den einzelnen Ländern hinweg entwirft er eine faszinierende Gesamtschau der politischen, sozialen und mentalitätsgeschichtlichen Prozesse auf dem ganzen europäischen Kontinent. Er beschreibt anschaulich, wie die verschiedensten historischen Ereignisse an den Rändern Europas auf die zentralen Reformationsgeschehnisse einwirkten und wie umgekehrt diese wiederum weitreichende Wirkungen auf das europäische Staatengefüge hatten. Im ersten Teil des Buches nimmt MacCulloch die Reformatoren, ihre Lehren und ihre Gegenspieler in den Blick, während er im zweiten Teil die realpolitischen Folgen der Reformation und Gegenreformation untersucht. Die religiösen, politischen und sozialen Umwälzungen des reformatorischen Zeitalters beendeten das Mittelalter, bereiteten den Weg in die Neuzeit und gaben Europa ein neues Gesicht. - Diarmaid MacCulloch wrote what is widely considered to be the authoritative account of the Reformation-a critical juncture in the history of Christianity. "It is impossible to understand modern Europe without understanding these sixteenth-century upheavals in Latin Christianity," he writes. "They represented the greatest fault line to appear in Christian culture since the Latin and Greek halves of the Roman Empire went their separate ways a thousand years before; they produced a house divided." The resulting split between the Catholics and Protestants still divides Christians throughout the Western world. It affects interpretations of the Bible, beliefs about baptisms, and event how much authority is given to religious leaders. The division even fuels an ongoing war. What makes MacCulloch`s account rise above previous attempts to interpret the Reformation is the breadth of his research. Rather than limit his narrative to the actions of key theologians and leaders of the era-Luther, Zingli, Calvin, Loyola, Cranmer, Henry VIII and numerous popes-MacCulloch sweeps his narrative across the culture, politics and lay people of Renaissance Western Europe. This broad brush approach touches upon many fascinating discussions surrounding the Reformation, including his belief that the Latin Church was probably not as "corrupt and ineffective" as Protestants tend to portray it. In fact, he asserts that it "generally satisfied the spiritual needs of the late medieval people." As a historical document, this 750-page narrative has all the key ingredients. MacCulloch, a professor of history as the Church of Oxford University, is an articulate and vibrant writer with a strong guiding intelligence. The structure is sensible-starting with the main characters who influenced reforms, then spreading out to the regional concerns, and social intellectual themes of the era. He even fast forwards into American Christianity-showing how this historical era influences modern times. MacCulloch is a topnotch historian-uncovering material and theories that will seem fresh and inspired to Reformation scholars as well as lay readers
