Suchergebnisse

The late Middle Ages witnessed the transformation of the county of Holland from a peripheral agrarian region to a highly commercialised and urbanised one. This book examines how the organisation of commodity markets contributed to this remarkable development. Comparing Holland to England and Flanders, the book shows that Holland's specific history of reclamation and settlement had given rise to a favourable balance of powers between state, nobility, towns and rural communities that reduced opportunities for rent-seeking and favoured the rise of efficient markets. This allowed burghers, peasants and fishermen to take full advantage of new opportunities presented by changing economic and ecological circumstances in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. Volume 2 contains a dictionary of the Old English, Latin and French words found in the texts in Volume 1. The dictionary is presented in one alphabetical sequence, and is followed by a German glossary of legal terms listing references in the texts, other medieval works and later scholarship. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922), providing a modern English translation of early Anglo-Saxon laws, is also reissued in this series

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. Volume 3 provides introductions to each set of laws presented in Volume 1, and detailed line-by-line explanatory notes that complement the dictionary and glossary of terms found in Volume 2. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922), providing a modern English translation of early Anglo-Saxon laws, is also reissued in this series

This edition of the laws promulgated by successive Anglo-Saxon rulers over a period of five centuries was published in three volumes between 1903 and 1916 by the German historian Felix Lieberman (1851-1925), and is still regarded as authoritative. This unique body of early medieval legal writing, unparalleled in other Germanic languages, provides valuable source material for scholars of Old English and of legal history, and Lieberman's thorough engagement with the manuscripts has never been surpassed. His preface explains that owing to factors such as the extreme variability of Old English orthography, and the existence of both Latin and Old English versions of the same material, a traditional edition using just one base manuscript with a critical apparatus would have been too unwieldy. Volume 1 introduces the manuscripts, and gives several parallel versions of each text in Old English and Latin with a facing translation into modern German. Frederick Attenborough's The Laws of the Early English Kings (1922) is also reissued in this series

In the revised and updated edition of his highly praised textbook on the Middle Ages, Harald Müller defines and delineates the Medieval era, shedding light on living conditions and world views. He examines patterns of community as well as forms and structures of rule. The textbook also covers communication and culture, the organization and transmission of knowledge, and geographic and social mobility.

The analysis of the shipping activities and harbours of Marienburg leads to the conclusion that a town harbour existed here during the Middle Ages, and that it may have been connected with the fishing harbour. The source material which has come down to us confirms the assumption that there was a separate timber wharf near the town, complete with specialized personnel. The harbour of Marienburg played no more than a minor role, and was not as important a commercial centre as the harbour in Thorn, for example. The volume of cargo transhipped here was relatively small, serving, as it did, the regular needs of the residents. The ship-masters - some of them simple fishermen - lived in the town and hired their vessels out to the Teutonic Order on occasion. Independently of the town, the order also possessed its own harbour. The latter was originally located at the Chapel of St. Nicholas, directly adjacent to the oldest warehouse. It was later replaced by the harbour on the bank of the Nogat nearby the long warehouse in the outermost fortification. It is to be assumed that, alongside the harbour of the Teutonic Order, there was also a timber canal in which the order kept the material it had purchased to meet its needs. The wharfs on the canal served the Teutonic Order as a shipyard. The only surviving sources in which reference is made to the vessels on the Vistula are the inventory books of the Marienburg commandery offices. The source material on the topic of shipping and harbours in Marienburg confirms the conjecture that the existence of the river harbours was closely related to the establishment of warehouses on the riverbanks, from which mass goods were transported via waterways. Questions pertaining to the construction of the vessels of the Teutonic Order as well as the operation of the shipyard at Marienburg Castle have yet to be analyzed in detail. In that context, archaeological sources bearing a connection to the Medieval construction of inland waterway vessels in the Vistula delta may well prove particularly helpful. Taking into consideration the results of the site analysis of the town and Teutonic Order harbours in Marienburg, it appears worthwhile to undertake similar investigations into other harbour centres on the Lower Vistula as well.

Die Arbeit widmet sich der Geschichte der Juden in den "niederen Landen" von ca. 1200 bis um 1520, mit einem Epilog über die Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts. In der Hauptsache werden dabei die Landesherrschaften Hennegau, Brabant und Geldern in vergleichender Perspektive betrachtet. - Teil I beschreibt die Siedlungsgeschichte von den Anfängen um das Jahr 1200 über die Verdichtung des Niederlassungsnetzes bis zur Katastrophe der Jahre 1349-50 und weiter bis in die Zeit der spätmittelalterlichen Vereinzelung von Juden und ihres Ausweichens unter kleinere Herrschaften. - Teil II bietet neue Bausteine für eine Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte der jüdischen Geldleihe, welche auch in den mittelalterlichen Niederlanden der bestimmende Erwerbszweig der Juden war. - Teil III widmet sich ausführlich den Judenverfolgungen des 14. Jahrhunderts - dem "Kreuzzug" von 1309, der Verfolgung zur Zeit des "Schwarzen Todes" 1349-50 und der Brüsseler Hostienfrevelaffäre von 1370. Wichtige, weiterführende Ergebnisse bietet vor allem die Analyse der Quellen über die Katastrophe zur Zeit der Pest. - Teil IV spürt den historischen Veränderungen des christlichen Judenbildes und den Entstehungs- und Verbreitungsformen verschiedener judenfeindlicher Legenden (Ritualmord, Bilder- und Hostienschändung) im Untersuchungsraum nach. - Die im zweiten und vor allem im vierten Teil gemachten Beobachtungen werden abschließend im Hinblick auf die Frage nach dem Einfluss der Bettelorden reflektiert. Dabei wird ein Modell entworfen, in dem diese Orden vor allem in ihrer Vermittlerfunktion wirksam waren; entscheidend war auch in diesem Zusammenhang der Faktor Herrschaft. ; This study is devoted to the history of the Jews in the Low Countries from c.1200 to around 1520 (with an epilogue on the mid-sixteenth century). It mainly compares the territories of Hainaut, Brabant, and Guelders. - Part I outlines the history of Jewish settlement from c.1200 through the period of its greatest density before the calamties of 1349-50, and further on to the time of late-medieval isolation of individual Jews and their evasion into small territories. - Part II offers new elements towards the social and cultural history of Jewish moneylending - the dominant trade of Jews in the medieval Low Countries as elsewhere. - Part III contains an in-depth analysis of the persecutions against Jews in the fourteenth century: the "crusade" of 1309, the Black Death persecution of 1349-50, and the host desecration affair of Brussels in 1370. Far-reaching new conclusions are reached in the analysis of the plague pogroms. - Part IV traces the historical change in the Christian image of the Jew and analyses the rise and spread of anti-Jewish libels (ritual murder, image and host desecration) in the Low Co9untries. - The observations made in parts II and IV are finally reflected in view of the role of the mendicant orders. The author proposes a model in which the mendicants are regarded as agents of communication; the more decisive factor must be seen in political rule.

Die Arbeit widmet sich der Geschichte der Juden in den "niederen Landen" von ca. 1200 bis um 1520, mit einem Epilog über die Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts. In der Hauptsache werden dabei die Landesherrschaften Hennegau, Brabant und Geldern in vergleichender Perspektive betrachtet. - Teil I beschreibt die Siedlungsgeschichte von den Anfängen um das Jahr 1200 über die Verdichtung des Niederlassungsnetzes bis zur Katastrophe der Jahre 1349-50 und weiter bis in die Zeit der spätmittelalterlichen Vereinzelung von Juden und ihres Ausweichens unter kleinere Herrschaften. - Teil II bietet neue Bausteine für eine Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte der jüdischen Geldleihe, welche auch in den mittelalterlichen Niederlanden der bestimmende Erwerbszweig der Juden war. - Teil III widmet sich ausführlich den Judenverfolgungen des 14. Jahrhunderts - dem "Kreuzzug" von 1309, der Verfolgung zur Zeit des "Schwarzen Todes" 1349-50 und der Brüsseler Hostienfrevelaffäre von 1370. Wichtige, weiterführende Ergebnisse bietet vor allem die Analyse der Quellen über die Katastrophe zur Zeit der Pest. - Teil IV spürt den historischen Veränderungen des christlichen Judenbildes und den Entstehungs- und Verbreitungsformen verschiedener judenfeindlicher Legenden (Ritualmord, Bilder- und Hostienschändung) im Untersuchungsraum nach. - Die im zweiten und vor allem im vierten Teil gemachten Beobachtungen werden abschließend im Hinblick auf die Frage nach dem Einfluss der Bettelorden reflektiert. Dabei wird ein Modell entworfen, in dem diese Orden vor allem in ihrer Vermittlerfunktion wirksam waren; entscheidend war auch in diesem Zusammenhang der Faktor Herrschaft. ; This study is devoted to the history of the Jews in the Low Countries from c.1200 to around 1520 (with an epilogue on the mid-sixteenth century). It mainly compares the territories of Hainaut, Brabant, and Guelders. - Part I outlines the history of Jewish settlement from c.1200 through the period of its greatest density before the calamties of 1349-50, and further on to the time of late-medieval isolation of individual Jews and their evasion into small territories. - Part II offers new elements towards the social and cultural history of Jewish moneylending - the dominant trade of Jews in the medieval Low Countries as elsewhere. - Part III contains an in-depth analysis of the persecutions against Jews in the fourteenth century: the "crusade" of 1309, the Black Death persecution of 1349-50, and the host desecration affair of Brussels in 1370. Far-reaching new conclusions are reached in the analysis of the plague pogroms. - Part IV traces the historical change in the Christian image of the Jew and analyses the rise and spread of anti-Jewish libels (ritual murder, image and host desecration) in the Low Co9untries. - The observations made in parts II and IV are finally reflected in view of the role of the mendicant orders. The author proposes a model in which the mendicants are regarded as agents of communication; the more decisive factor must be seen in political rule.

Das Buch präsentiert die Beiträge einer interdisziplinären Tagung, die 2006 vom Historischen Institut der Universität Bern und der Abegg-Stiftung organisiert wurde. Drei Themenkreise stehen im Mittelpunkt: einzelne Gewandelemente wie Kopfbedeckungen oder Schuhe, soziale Schichtung und ständische Differenzierung, wie etwa fürstliche, städtische oder klösterliche Kleidung, sowie symbolische Aspekte von Kleidung und Mode. Gemeinschaftliche Publikation der Abegg-Stiftung und des Schwabe Verlags, Basel

This volume is the result of a conference at University College London in 2007 which addressed the scale and form of civil defences in early medieval Europe, c. 800-1000. Previous work has largely focussed on individual sites or specific categories of evidence. These papers offer new interdisciplinary perspectives driven by a landscape approach. Several contributions focus on civil defence in England around the time of King Alfred the Great, and together provide a new agenda for the study of Anglo-Saxon military landscapes. European case-studies facilitate a comparative approach to local and regional defensive structures and interpretive paradigms. Topics and themes covered include civil defence landscapes, the organization and form of defensive structures, and the relationships and dynamics between social complexity, militarization, and external threats. With papers ranging from England to Spain and Germany to Scandinavia the volume is of relevance to a range of disciplines including archaeology, history, onomastics, geography, and anthropology

During the Tang Dynasty, officials, who are often described as "Confucians," were involved in policies that aimed at controlling the religious congregations of Buddhism and Daoism. At the same time, pseudo-religious free-riders, the so called fangshi ("esoteric experts"), regularly appeared at the court and lured the emperor away from government business by pretending to support his search for immortality with their methods. They thereby constituted a threat to the claim of the officials to a monopoly on sharing the imperial power. Furthermore, officials saw themselves as transmitters of a "civil religion" or theology" of correct governance, which was not limited to the Confucian canon, but embraced other figures such as Laozi and the Yellow Emperor as well. My essay takes Li Deyu (787–850) as an example, who was one of the most prominent officials of the Tang Dynasty and served as chancellor during the severest religious persecution in Chinese history. I show how he drew arguments from historiographic and philosophical sources, in order to bolster his position against Daoists or fangshi and protect the civil religion. I will further show how he flexibly used rhetorical strategies to support the persecution of Buddhism on the one hand, and to justify the compatibility of Buddhism with Confucian and Daoist ethics on the other.

For the first time, this book presents a comprehensive history of the spoils of war from Old Testament evidence of the Battle of Megiddo through the pre-Napoleonic period. It gives special consideration to the Burgundian Booty of 1476. Using contemporary texts, the author investigates the nature, use, and impact of war plunder, placing the subject in a larger historical perspective to shed new light on established notions about the spoils of war. Florens Deuchler, Universität Genf.

Neben dem Holocaust zählt die "Euthanasie" zu den großen NS-Massenverbrechen. In diesem Band werden die Verflechtungen der beiden Verbrechenskomplexe auf Basis neuester Forschungsergebnisse intensiv untersucht. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen der nationalsozialistischen "Euthanasie" und dem Holocaust sind noch immer nicht vollständig erforscht. Der Sammelband, zu dem namhafte Forscherinnen und Forscher beigetragen haben, beschäftigt sich mit den Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Mordprogrammen. Er benennt Kontinuitäten, Kausalitäten und parallele Entwicklungen. Dabei geht es um Themen wie Biopolitik, Eugenik und Zwangssterilisation, die Judenverfolgung in der Vorkriegszeit, die Morde im Rahmen der "Aktion T4", die Krankenmorde in den Konzentrationslagern und im besetzten Polen, die "Aktion Reinhardt" sowie die justizielle Ahndung der Verbrechen nach 1945. Die Untersuchungen erweitern unser Verständnis von den Verbrechen im Nationalsozialismus insgesamt und speziell zum Verhältnis von "Euthanasie" und Holocaust