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AbstractInternet memes are an example of the trend of replicability and spread of discourses through the Net within today's participatory culture. On paper, memes are instances of humorous discourse that abound on the internet, are replicated or altered, and then transmitted to other users. However, in this paper the focus is not on its humorous side, but on how every single stage of meme communication entails a greater or lesser impact on the user's self-concept, self-awareness and overall identity. The paper addresses five stages of meme communication and possible ways in which these stages influence the user's identity.

Meme, Satire und Humor sind eng miteinander verbunden und fester Bestandteil der digitalen Alltagskultur. Das Internet-Mem #KiyiyaVuranInsanlik (auf Deutsch sinngemäß "Menschheit, an die Küste gespült") bildet einen Ausnahmefall, da es sich auf die Fotografien eines toten Kindes bezieht. Anhand der Fotografie des auf der Flucht ertrunkenen zweijährigen Alan Kurdi, welches über die sozialen Medien um die Welt ging, stellt der Artikel Fragen zum Umgang mit den Bildern und Memes in sozialen Medien: Warum teilen und verändern Menschen die Fotografien? Warum nicht? Welche Folgen hat die Verbreitung? Welche bildethischen, -rechtlichen oder -ökonomischen Überlegungen in Bezug auf die Verwendung von digitalen Bildern in Kommunikationsplattformen lassen sich ableiten? Dieser Text nimmt diese Fragen auf und reformuliert sie ausgehend von der Theorie des punctums von Roland Barthes bildtheoretisch. Was passiert mit den Fotografien? Wie verbreiten sich diese im Netz? Wie verändert der soziale Umgang mit den Fotografien im Internet die Bildaussagen?

Meme adalah sebuah sarana baru dalam penyampaian ide dan kritik. Namun ada saat dimana isi dari meme tersebut menyinggung beberapa instansi atau perorangan. Oleh sebab itu kajian terhadap meme yang bertujuan untuk mengkritik merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diteliti. Dalam artikel penelitian ini meme yang dianalisa adalah mereka yang bertujuan untuk mengkritik keadaan sosial dan politik di Indonesia. Metode dalam artikel penelitian ini meggunakan metode qualitative. Serta teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa adalah metafora untuk kata dan ideational meaning untuk gambar. Pada artikel penelitian ini ditemukan konsep-konsep kritik seperti; sindiran, kritik, moral, agama serta public awareness. Konsep-konsep itu juga terwakili oleh gambar

The article analyzes Soviet symbols that are present in Internet memes — an important, developing part of modern communication. Despite the fact that the Internet meme has many definitions, the article presents a clear, heuristic view that considers the Internet meme as an element of the emerging metalanguage. Such an understanding is possible due to the structure of an Internet meme, which contains an unchangeable part (language) and a changing part in every new picture (speech). This optics allows us to consider an Internet meme as a saying available for analysis.Using this provision, the article examines the existence and functioning of Soviet symbols in Internet memes. They are usually the subject of various studies of cultural and historical memory. Despite the great attention paid to the Soviet memory discourse, researchers mainly focus on the confrontation of positive and critical memory about the Soviet experience and on the construction of such memory. The author puts forward the thesis about the presence of Soviet symbols outside this discourse and its consolidation in cultural memory and everyday communication on the Internet. The involvement of Soviet symbols can be found outside the paradigm of memory construction and any explicit political discourses. At the same time, Soviet symbols regularly appear in new Internet memes, acting as a universal, understandable code of culture. Symbols such as the hammer and sickle, the red star, the May Day demonstration, figures of leaders and many others serve as a matrix of understanding for everyday communication, purified from purely historical discourses.Using various examples, the article demonstrates symbols, seemingly irrelevant to a young audience, which are successfully used in Internet memes that play out a variety of situations. This approach makes it possible to implement the interdisciplinary paradigm in the studies of cultural memory in the digital environment, using the methods of cultural theorists and the methods of media researchers.

Memes work as rhetorical weapons and discursive arguments in political conflicts. Across digital platforms, they confirm, contest and challenge political power and hierarchies. They simultaneously create social distortion, hostility, and a sense of community. Memes thus not only reflect norms but also work as a tool for negotiating them. At the same time, memes meld symbolic and cultural elements with technological functionalities, allowing for replicability and remixing.This book studies how memes disrupt and reimagine politics in humorous ways. Memes create a playful activity that follows a shared set of rules and gives a (shared) voice, which may generate togetherness and political identities but also increase polarization. As their template travels, memes continue to appropriate new political contexts and to (re)negotiate frontiers in the political. The chapters in this book allow us to chart the playful politics of memes and how they establish or push frontiers in various political, cultural, and platform-specific contexts. Taken together, memes can challenge and regenerate populism, carve out spaces for new identity formations, and create togetherness in situations of crises. They can also, however, lead to the normalization of racist discourses.This book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students of Media and Communication Studies, Information Studies, Politics, Sociology, and Cultural Studies. It was originally published as a special issue of the journal, Information, Communication & Society

In a UK city, various crocheted protest banners have appeared, containing political statements concerning planned developments in their locations. Photos of these banners are shared across social media, raising awareness and potentially playing a role in local campaigns. This study explored peoples' perceptions of these banners as photos within social media interactions, focusing on how associated emotions or values influenced their views of the campaigns. The aim was to increase understanding of the impact of images within social media, both on engagement with offline situations and on propensity to forward (e.g., retweet). People who had posted or shared pictures of the banners were interviewed. The study is framed by considering the banners—in both yarn format and digital photos—as memes. This situates the study within contemporary research into public participation online, especially the ways in which information, disinformation, and emotions travel across social media, and the influence of this on democracy. This article uses diverse definitions of memes to draw out insights from the interview data, about participants' engagement with the banners and with the corresponding local issues, campaigns, and ultimately democracy. Interviewees were engaged by both the medium of the offline banners and the text embroidered onto them. In terms of the medium, the process of crochet was most important—indicating the time invested and encompassing memories. Interviewees were most engaged by banners concerning places they passed every day, though they did not agree with all the banners' messages. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing ➝ Social media

Internet memes are recognised for their role in creating community through shared humour or in-group cultural knowledge. One category of meme uses historical art pieces, coupled with short texts or dialogue, as a form of social commentary on both past and present. These memes often rely on a (mis)reading of the emotions of those represented in such artwork for humorous purposes. As such, they provide an important example of transhistorical engagement between contemporary society and past artifacts centred on the nature of emotion. This Element explores the historical art meme as a key cultural form that offers insight into contemporary online emotional cultures and the ways that historical emotions enable and inform the practices of such culture. It particularly attends to humour as a mode which helps to mediate the disjuncture between past and present emotion and which enables historical emotion to 'do' political and community-building work amongst meme users

Creating and sharing memes is a common modality of online social interaction. Because of the prevalence of memes, an abundance of research focuses on understanding how memes are shared and perceived within their online social environment and in what ways they differ from other modalities of online communication. In the present work, we present findings that suggest a relationship between how memes are introduced, shared, and diminish in online social systems and the behavior of biological species within an ecosystem. Framed by this perspective, we borrow ecological methodologies and concepts like resource availability, speciation, and competition to study human attention, creativity, and sharing dynamics (respectively) over a large collection of memes shared on Reddit. Specifically, we find that the population of memes has scaled almost exactly with the total amount of content created over the past decade. We find a consequence of limited human attention in the face of a growing number of memes is that the diversity of memes has decreased at the community level, albeit slightly, in the same period. A further consequence is that the average life span of memes has decreased dramatically, which is further evidence of an increase in competition and a decrease in a meme species' primary resource: human attention. From this work, we have found reasonable preliminary support for linking memes to species and, thus, meme research to ecological research. We believe that future research should work to strengthen this relationship and transfer more methodologies to meme and information research from ecology.

Recently, scholars have worked to widen the scope of security studies to address security silences by considering how visuals speak security and banal acts securitise. Scholarship on internet memes and their co-constitution with political discourse is also growing. This article seeks to merge this literature by engaging in a visual security analysis of 'everyday' memes. A bricolage-inspired method analyses the security speech of memes as manifestations, behaviours and ideals. The case study of Pepe the Frog highlights how memes are visual 'little security nothings' with power to speak security in complex, polysemic and ambiguous ways which can reify or challenge wider security discourse.