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This paper considers the instrumental variables (IV) estimation of the autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model consisting of fractionally integrated regressors and errors, while allowing for part of the regressors to be endogenous. The idea of Liviatan (1963) and that of Tsay (2007) are combined to construct consistent and asymptotically normally distributed multiple-differenced two-stage-least-squares (MD-TSLS) and MD generalized method of moments (MD-GMM) estimators for the long memory ADL model. The simulations show that the performance of the MD-GMM estimator is especially excellent even though the sample size is 100. The IV estimators are applied to the data of Durr, Gilmour, and Wolbrecht (1997) on Congressional approval. As compared to the 0.08 estimate of the long-run effect of presidential approval on Congressional approval based on the scalar ADL model of De Boef and Keele (2008), a stronger support for the divided party government hypothesis is found for a class of the vector ADL model which generates a corresponding long-run impact equal to 0.26 or higher. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Collective memory research examines how the process of individual memory formation is a social and collective experience, rather than one that is wholly psychological and individual. The stories that societies tell about themselves are an important part of this process, as they seek to socialize new members into the national community. But sometimes that national history is very difficult to deal with. Most collective memory research is based on a single case study approach. What is lacking in collective memory research, although not absent, are broader comparative studies. This article develops a general model for the process of collective memory formation, which I can then use in my ongoing empirical research into how several different authoritarian and democratic societies with Eastern and Western cultural traditions have dealt with their violent histories. The cases include Germany (East and West), Japan, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Spain. In this article, I develop a general model of collective memory formation while drawing upon these five cases to illustrate different points. While democratic societies have a greater potential for dealing more fully with their difficult histories, it is far from guaranteed that they will do so. Adapted from the source document.

Collective memory research examines how the process of individual memory formation is a social and collective experience, rather than one that is wholly psychological and individual. The stories that societies tell about themselves are an important part of this process, as they seek to socialize new members into the national community. But sometimes that national history is very difficult to deal with. Most collective memory research is based on a single case study approach. What is lacking in collective memory research, although not absent, are broader comparative studies. This article develops a general model for the process of collective memory formation, which I can then use in my ongoing empirical research into how several different authoritarian and democratic societies with Eastern and Western cultural traditions have dealt with their violent histories. The cases include Germany (East and West), Japan, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Spain. In this article, I develop a general model of collective memory formation while drawing upon these five cases to illustrate different points. While democratic societies have a greater potential for dealing more fully with their difficult histories, it is far from guaranteed that they will do so. Adapted from the source document.

Objective: The study analysed how its participants positioned themselves and other people as actors in daily life, and what matters they portrayed as meaningful in seeking and receiving support in daily life.Background: Family care has traditionally played an important role in elder care in Finland. Current policy goals will further increase the importance of family care, yet research on how people with memory illnesses and their spouses perceive care arrangements is scarce. Method: The study drew from theory of relational agency and positioning theory. The data came from semi-structured, in-depth interviews (10) of home-dwelling people diagnosed with a memory illness and their spouses. The interviewees' age varied from 62 to 88. The analysis focused on the participants' self-descriptions and descriptions of their experiences and actions in relation to informal and formal care arrangements. Results: The participants with a memory illness positioned themselves together with their spouses as a couple, as satisfied service recipients, as active and knowledgeable service users, or even as consumers who critically evaluated social and health care services. People with memory illnesses are capable of expressing their self-reflexive agentic self and adopting different positions to that of a person with dementia. Conclusion: There is need to better acknowledge agency of people with memory illnesses and to develop different data collection and analysis methods that enable them to convey their views.

Operating systems have historically had to manage only a single type of memory device. The imminent availability of heterogeneous memory devices based on emerging memory technologies confronts the classic single memory model and opens a new spectrum of possibilities for memory management. Transparent data movement between different memory devices based on access patterns of applications is a desired feature to make optimal use of such devices and to hide the complexity of memory management to the end user. However, capturing memory access patterns of an application at runtime comes at a cost, which is particularly challenging for large-scale parallel applications that may be sensitive to system noise. In this work, we focus on the access pattern profiling phase prior to the actual memory relocation. We study the feasibility of using Intel's Processor Event-Based Sampling (PEBS) feature to record memory accesses by sampling at runtime and study the overhead at scale. We have implemented a custom PEBS driver in the IHK/-McKernel lightweight multi-kernel operating system, one of whose advantages is minimal system interference due to the lightweight kernel's simple design compared to other OS kernels such as Linux. We present the PEBS overhead of a set of scientific applications and show the access patterns identified in noise sensitive HPC applications. Our results show that clear access patterns can be captured with a 10% overhead in the worst-case and 1% in the best case when running on up to 128k CPU cores (2,048 Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing nodes). We conclude that online memory access profiling using PEBS at large-scale is promising for memory management in heterogeneous memory environments. ; This work has been partially funded by MEXT's program for the Development and Improvement of Next Generation Ultra High- Speed Computer Systems under its subsidies for operating the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities in Japan. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie grant agreement No 708566 (DURO). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

Operating systems have historically had to manage only a single type of memory device. The imminent availability of heterogeneous memory devices based on emerging memory technologies confronts the classic single memory model and opens a new spectrum of possibilities for memory management. Transparent data movement between different memory devices based on access patterns of applications is a desired feature to make optimal use of such devices and to hide the complexity of memory management to the end user. However, capturing memory access patterns of an application at runtime comes at a cost, which is particularly challenging for large-scale parallel applications that may be sensitive to system noise. In this work, we focus on the access pattern profiling phase prior to the actual memory relocation. We study the feasibility of using Intel's Processor Event-Based Sampling (PEBS) feature to record memory accesses by sampling at runtime and study the overhead at scale. We have implemented a custom PEBS driver in the IHK/-McKernel lightweight multi-kernel operating system, one of whose advantages is minimal system interference due to the lightweight kernel's simple design compared to other OS kernels such as Linux. We present the PEBS overhead of a set of scientific applications and show the access patterns identified in noise sensitive HPC applications. Our results show that clear access patterns can be captured with a 10% overhead in the worst-case and 1% in the best case when running on up to 128k CPU cores (2,048 Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing nodes). We conclude that online memory access profiling using PEBS at large-scale is promising for memory management in heterogeneous memory environments. ; This work has been partially funded by MEXT's program for the Development and Improvement of Next Generation Ultra High- Speed Computer Systems under its subsidies for operating the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities in Japan. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie grant agreement No 708566 (DURO). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

This essay is about Collective Memory-Work (CMW) and the learning opportunities offered by different ways of putting Collective Memory-Work into practice. I will give a brief contextualisation of the development of CMW and describe its core tenets including its character as a process of re-construction of results of earlier education and societalisation. Then I am going to unpack different models of applications of CMW for their learning potential for participants. For this purpose I will revert to illustrations of the methodical steps in CMW to demonstrate the shifts of learning opportunities in four ideal typical models. The models presented in the essay are meant to offer a way to describe what happens if something is done in a particular manner. By being able to describe effects of opening or closing down of learning opportunities, it will be easier for anyone considering the use of CMW to plan and conduct their own project against a background of emancipatory learning.

El pdf del artículo es el documento de trabajo. ; Although it is commonly accepted that most macroeconomic variables are non-stationary, it is often difficult to identify the source of the non-stationarity. Integrated processes and short-memory models with trending components, possibly affected by structural breaks, imply similar features in the data and, accordingly, are hard to distinguish. The goal of this article is to extend the classical testing framework of I(1) versus I(0) + trends and/or breaks by considering a more general class of models under the null hypothesis: fractionally integrated (FI) processes. The asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are derived and it is shown that they are very well-behaved in finite samples. An illustration using US inflation data is also provided. ; Financial support from the Spanish Government CICYT project no SEJ2006-00369, the BGSE Research Network and the Generalitat de Catalunya is gratefully acknowledged.

This collection examines what happens when one country's experience of dealing with its traumatic past is held up as a model for others to follow. In regional and country studies covering Argentina, Canada, Japan, Lebanon, Rwanda, Russia, Turkey, the United States and former Yugoslavia, the authors look at the pitfalls, misunderstandings and perverse effects - but also the promise - of trying to replicate atonement. Going beyond the idea of a global or transnational memory, this book examines the significance of foreign models in atonement practices, and analyses the role of national governments, international organisations, museums, foundations, NGOs and public intellectuals in shaping the idea that good practices of atonement can be learned. They also show how one can productively learn from others: by appreciating the complex and contested nature of atonement practices such as Germany's, and by finding the necessary resources in the history of one?s own country.

This collection examines what happens when one country?s experience of dealing with its traumatic past is held up as a model for others to follow. In regional and country studies covering Argentina, Canada, Japan, Lebanon, Rwanda, Russia, Turkey, the United States and former Yugoslavia, the authors look at the pitfalls, misunderstandings and perverse effects - but also the promise - of trying to replicate atonement. Going beyond the idea of a global or transnational memory, this book examines the significance of foreign models in atonement practices, and analyses the role of national governments, international organisations, museums, foundations, NGOs and public intellectuals in shaping the idea that good practices of atonement can be learned. They also show how one can productively learn from others: by appreciating the complex and contested nature of atonement practices such as Germany?s, and by finding the necessary resources in the history of one?s own country.

Three experiments are conducted with German and Chinese student subjects to investigate short-term memory performance with regard to different kinds of stimulus material. Experiment 1 demonstrates that the Chinese subjects' superior memory span performance cannot be traced back to existing differences in intelligence (assessed with Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test). In Experiment 2 a high correlation is found between the oral reproduction time of test items in the two languages and the resulting memory span of subjects. The results of Experiment 3 show that the Chinese subjects' superiority in performance decreases and disappears completely where it is difficult to find verbal descriptions for the items to be memorized. These findings are discussed within the framework of Baddeley's (1990) working memory model and cross-cultural intelligence research.

This paper studies a model of memory. The model takes into account that memory capacity is limited and imperfect. We study how agents with such memory limitations, who have very little information about their choice environment, play games. We introduce the notion of a Limited Memory Equilibrium (LME) and show that play converges to an LME in every generic normal form game. Our characterization of the set of LME suggests that players with limited memory do (weakly) better in games than in decision problems. We also show that agents can do quite well even with severely limited memory, although severe limitations tend to make them behave cautiously.