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"This collection of original essays explores metaethical views from outside the mainstream European tradition. The guiding motivation is that important discussions about the ultimate nature of morality can be found far beyond ancient Greece and modern Europe. The volume's aim is to show how rich the possibilities are for comparative metaethics, and how much these comparisons offer challenges and new perspectives to contemporary analytic metaethics. Representing five continents, the thinkers discussed range from ancient Egyptian, ancient Chinese, and the Mexican (Aztec) cultures to more recent thinkers like Augusto Salazar Bondy, Bimal Krishna Matilal, Nishida Kitarō, and Susan Sontag. The philosophical topics discussed include religious language, moral discovery, moral disagreement, essences' relation to evaluative facts, metaphysical harmony and moral knowledge, naturalism, moral perception, and quasi-realism. This volume will be of interest to anyone interested in metaethics or comparative philosophy"--

Introduction -- Naturalism : epistemology, and metaphysics -- Why naturalism? -- Four epistemological challenges to ethical naturalism : naturalized -- Epistemology and the first-person perspective -- Moral naturalism and self-evident moral truths -- Moral necessities in a contingent world -- Referring to moral properties -- Realist-expressivism : a neglected option for moral realism -- Milk, honey, and the good life on moral twin earth -- Referring to moral properties : moral twin-earth, again -- Naturalism and normativity -- Moral naturalism and three grades of normativity -- The ring of gyges : overridingness and the unity of reason -- The normativity of self-grounded reason

"Contemporary political philosophy - especially in the works of Martha Nussbaum, John Rawls and Amartya Sen - has assumed that it can separate itself off from other philosophical positions and frameworks. In this book, Den Uyl and Rasmussen challenge this trend by moving from the liberalism they advocate in their earlier work to what they call "individualistic perfectionism" in ethics. They continue to challenge the assumption that a neo-Aristotelian ethical framework cannot support a liberal, non-perfectionist political theory by filling in the nature of the perfectionist ethical approach utilised in their previous political theorising. By developing the central features and principles of individualistic perfectionism they show that it is a major and powerful alternative to much contemporary ethical thinking - particularly to constructivism - and that it is capable of overcoming standard objections to perfectionism"--Back cover

Reasoning about ends : life as a value in Ayn Rand's ethics / Darryl Wright -- The choice to value / Allan Gotthelf -- The foundations of the ethics : objectivism and analytic philosophy / Irfan Khawaja -- Egoism and eudaimonism : replies to Khawaja / Paul Bloomfield -- Nietzsche and Rand as virtuous egoists / Christine Swanton -- Virtue and sacrifice : response to Swanton / Darryl Wright -- Rational selves, friends, and the social virtues / Helen Cullyer -- Egoistic relations with others : response to Cullyer / Tara Smith -- Virtuous egoism and virtuous altruism / Christine Swanton -- On altruism, and on the role of virtues in Rand's egoism : response to Swanton / Tara Smith -- What is included in virtue? / Lester H. Hunt -- The primacy of action in virtue : response to Hunt / Tara Smith