Suchergebnisse

Se han escrito muchas páginas acerca de un tema tan necesario y complejo como es el de las metodologías feministas, y en muchas ocasiones se han plasmado esas aportaciones en esta misma revista. Hay varios factores importantes que contribuyen a que se siga prestando atención a este tema desde hace ya décadas. En primer lugar, las metodologías feministas han recibido atención teórica y aplicaciones prácticas en la mayoría de los campos de investigación, tales como la medicina, el derecho, las ciencias políticas, la historia, la sociología, la lingüística, los estudios cinematográficos y de medios de comunicación, entre muchos otros. En segundo lugar, la labor desarrollada en el terreno de la investigación y del conocimiento feministas han transformado las principales disciplinas académicas, desplazando la atención hacia temas anteriormente infravalorados o descuidados, y cambiando las prioridades y los enfoques en aquellos que ya se habían estudiado anteriormente. La investigación feminista ha alterado de manera decisiva nuestra comprensión del mundo, y ha influido en los propios procedimientos a través de los cuales se aborda la investigación. Esto ha sido así no solo en el campo del feminismo, sino entre quienes investigan desde el rigor académico y siguen los dictados del estado del arte y quieren estar al día en los avances en sus respectivos campos de estudio están necesariamente al tanto de las metodologías feministas. Una tercera razón muy significativa para la atención prestada a los métodos feministas es que las investigadoras y los investigadores que se dedican a este tipo de trabajo mantienen un fuerte compromiso que se materializa en un esfuerzo continuo para ampliar los límites y definiciones de valores tales como la igualdad, la interseccionalidad, el cambio social y los desafíos éticos encaminados a promover la justicia social, particularmente en lo referente al mantenimiento de los privilegios y las relaciones de poder. A partir del compromiso orientado a investigar las voces y experiencias de las mujeres y cuestionar las dicotomías de género, los métodos feministas han ido más allá de estas prioridades iniciales para ir avanzando al ampliar los límites de significado que estos conceptos e ideas sugieren.

Our educational system is developing in a constant way and because of that we confront legislative decisions which are continuosly transformed . Competency based education , project based learning and ICT teaching inclusion are demanded in modern classrooms. However, how could we integrate into a balanced way? In that case, an unusual and completely updating methodologic is forcefuly increasing, Design Thinking, an international challenge which is inspired by the Europe 2020 strategy and which encourages LOMCE purpose. ; Nuestro sistema educativo se encuentra en reformulación constante y por ello nos enfrentamos a dictámenes legislativos en continua modificación. En las aulas contemporáneas se demanda el trabajo competencial, aprender por proyectos e inclusión didáctica de las TIC. Pero, ¿Cómo integrar todo ello de forma armoniosa? Pues, apostando fervientemente por una metodología completamente renovadora e inusual en la trama educativa, Design Thinking, toda una apuesta internacional inspirada en la estrategia europea 2020 e incentivadora de los propósitos LOMCE.

The article presents a conceptual and methodological analysis of xenophobia study in social sciences. In order to investigate the phenomenon of xenophobia, the authors propose to use the methodology of constructive realism that makes it possible to substantiate the social nature of criteria for defining the "outsiders" and their dynamics. By interpreting xenophobia as a way of organizing social relations based on the antagonistic opposition of "insiders - outsiders," the authors state that this method allows us to control human behavior forming the desired images of "outsiders" in our minds. The implementation of the methodology of constructive realism within the study of xenophobia offers the possibility to distance oneself from the purely psychological and sociobiological approaches dominating in the social cognition, and to consider xenophobia as a sufficiently complex and contradictory social phenomenon that, on the one hand, is one of the ways to protect the identity of an individual and a group of individuals in the unpredictable and dangerous world, and on the other hand, is an element of political technology that constructs the image of an "outsider" for achieving specific goals. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s4p183

Over the past several decades, many pages and volumes have been written on the subject of feminist methods, including numerous issues of this journal that have been devoted to the topic. There are several important contributing factors to the ongoing focus on this diverse subject over such a broad span of time. First, feminist methods have been theorized and explored in virtually all research fields, including medicine, law, political science, history, sociology, linguistics, film and media studies and many, many others. Second, feminist approaches to research and knowledge have literally transformed these fields in broad-reaching and profound ways, shifting attention to previously undervalued or neglected topics, and shifting priorities and approaches to those previously studied. Feminist research has altered our understanding of our world, and has influenced the way that research is conducted, not only by feminist researchers, but by many researchers following the dictates of state-of-the-art in their fields. A third very significant reason for the sustained attention to feminist methods is that researchers who are dedicated to this type of work are engaged in a continual effort to extend the limits and definitions of their commitment to values such as egalitarianism, intersectionality, social change, and ethical challenges to the status quo, particularly as it relates to privilege and relations of power. Beginning with commitments to investigate the voices and experiences of women and to interrogate the gender binary, feminist methods have moved well beyond these initial foci to investigate the boundaries of meaning that these concepts and ideas suggest. ; Se han escrito muchas páginas acerca de un tema tan necesario y complejo como es el de las metodologías feministas, y en muchas ocasiones se han plasmado esas aportaciones en esta misma revista. Hay varios factores importantes que contribuyen a que se siga prestando atención a este tema desde hace ya décadas. En primer lugar, las metodologías feministas han recibido atención teórica y aplicaciones prácticas en la mayoría de los campos de investigación, tales como la medicina, el derecho, las ciencias políticas, la historia, la sociología, la lingüística, los estudios cinematográficos y de medios de comunicación, entre muchos otros. En segundo lugar, la labor desarrollada en el terreno de la investigación y del conocimiento feministas han transformado las principales disciplinas académicas, desplazando la atención hacia temas anteriormente infravalorados o descuidados, y cambiando las prioridades y los enfoques en aquellos que ya se habían estudiado anteriormente. La investigación feminista ha alterado de manera decisiva nuestra comprensión del mundo, y ha influido en los propios procedimientos a través de los cuales se aborda la investigación. Esto ha sido así no solo en el campo del feminismo, sino entre quienes investigan desde el rigor académico y siguen los dictados del estado del arte y quieren estar al día en los avances en sus respectivos campos de estudio están necesariamente al tanto de las metodologías feministas. Una tercera razón muy significativa para la atención prestada a los métodos feministas es que las investigadoras y los investigadores que se dedican a este tipo de trabajo mantienen un fuerte compromiso que se materializa en un esfuerzo continuo para ampliar los límites y definiciones de valores tales como la igualdad, la interseccionalidad, el cambio social y los desafíos éticos encaminados a promover la justicia social, particularmente en lo referente al mantenimiento de los privilegios y las relaciones de poder. A partir del compromiso orientado a investigar las voces y experiencias de las mujeres y cuestionar las dicotomías de género, los métodos feministas han ido más allá de estas prioridades iniciales para ir avanzando al ampliar los límites de significado que estos conceptos e ideas sugieren.

BACKGROUND: The importance of economic evaluation in decision making is growing with increasing budgetary pressures on health systems. Diverse economic evidence is available for a range of interventions across national contexts within Europe, but little attention has been given to identifying evidence gaps that, if filled, could contribute to more efficient allocation of resources. One objective of the Research Agenda for Health Economic Evaluation project is to determine the most important methodological evidence gaps for the ten highest burden conditions in the European Union (EU), and to suggest ways of filling these gaps. METHODS: The highest burden conditions in the EU by Disability Adjusted Life Years were determined using the Global Burden of Disease study. Clinical interventions were identified for each condition based on published guidelines, and economic evaluations indexed in MEDLINE were mapped to each intervention. A panel of public health and health economics experts discussed the evidence during a workshop and identified evidence gaps. RESULTS: The literature analysis contributed to identifying cross-cutting methodological and technical issues, which were considered by the expert panel to derive methodological research priorities. CONCLUSIONS: The panel suggests a research agenda for health economics which incorporates the use of real-world evidence in the assessment of new and existing interventions; increased understanding of cost-effectiveness according to patient characteristics beyond the "-omics" approach to inform both investment and disinvestment decisions; methods for assessment of complex interventions; improved cross-talk between economic evaluations from health and other sectors; early health technology assessment; and standardized, transferable approaches to economic modeling.

In this paper we outline the methodological development of current research into urban community formations based on combinations of qualitative (volunteered) and quantitative (spatial analytical and geo-statistical) data. We outline a research design that addresses problems of data quality relating to credibility in volunteered geographic information (VGI) intended for Web-enabled participatory planning. Here we have drawn on a dual notion of credibility in VGI data, and propose a methodological workflow to address its criteria. We propose a 'super-positional' model of urban community formations, and report on the combination of quantitative and participatory methods employed to underpin its integration. The objective of this methodological phase of study is to enhance confidence in the quality of data for Web-enabled participatory planning. Our participatory method has been supported by rigorous quantification of area characteristics, including participant communities' demographic and socio-economic contexts. This participatory method provided participants with a ready and accessible format for observing and mark-making, which allowed the investigators to iterate rapidly a system design based on participants' responses to the workshop tasks. Participatory workshops have involved secondary school-age children in socio-economically contrasting areas of Liverpool (Merseyside, UK), which offers a test-bed for comparing communities' formations in comparative contexts, while bringing an under-represented section of the population into a planning domain, whose experience may stem from public and non-motorised transport modalities. Data has been gathered through one-day participatory workshops, featuring questionnaire surveys, local site analysis, perception mapping and brief, textual descriptions. This innovative approach will support Web-based participation among stakeholding planners, who may benefit from well-structured, community-volunteered, geo-located definitions of local spaces.

The monograph Contemporary Security Studies: An Introduction to methodological, research and theoretical foundations of security is the result of many years of comprehensive research of the phenomenon of security and the endangering of security and it is the outcome of the research effort aimed to prove the scientific character of the security field. The fact is that security in the Republic of Serbia is still not in the national nomenclature of scientific fields. Instead, it is claimed, with some reason, but far from having absolute right to it, by political scientists, jurists, soldiers, ecologists, and similar scientific and educational, and professional profiles. In spite of everything, the theory and practice of security have developed to the point of growing into an independent scientific field within the social and humanity sciences, and to a great extent within the natural and technical and technological sciences. Therefore, we expect security to be declared an independent scientific field within the social and humanity sciences, and this monograph to be one of the numerous and firm arguments in accomplishing that aim. Respecting the postulates of the methodology of scientific research, professional ethics in higher education and scientific and research activities, but also the standards of the Code of Ethics of Scientific and Research Work of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, it is our duty to briefly elaborate the history of this book. Specifically, the ideas for the texts on security, endangering of security, and the methodology of exploring security phenomena, have been taken from the traditional Belgrade Security School that has been developed for years in the Education and Research Centre of the Security Institute, the former (Service, Department of) State Security, in the Security Information Agency, at the Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade (former Faculty of Civil Defence, before that, Faculty of National Defence), and in police education (the Secondary School of Interior Affairs in Sremska Kamenica, the College of Interior Affairs in Zemun, Police Academy in Belgrade, and the Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies in Zemun). The presented scientific findings obtained scientific verification, to a smaller extent, by being published in the first and second edition of the course book National Security by the author Saša Mijaković PhD (Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, 2009, 2011). It was in the first three chapters of the course book (Methodological basis of national security, Security, and Endangering security), on around 100 pages. The development of scientific thought has led, over time, to the justified need for distancing the matter of the security basis/introduction to contemporary security studies from the matter of national security, and to intensive abstraction of the matter of the security basis in relation to the operationalized matter of the national security. The results of the distinction that refer to the basic categories of security are incorporated in this monograph. The scientific findings taken from the course book National Security (2009, 2011) constitute up to 30% of this monograph. Therefore, we strived to accomplish that Contemporary Security Studies: An Introduction to methodological, research and theoretical foundations of security meets all normative and ethic criteria of a new scientific publication, which was confirmed by the reviewers. Meanwhile, in the course book National Security (third edition, Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2015), these contents were, to a great extent, excluded and replaced by a new text. Finally, we were again honoured to have the publishing and copyrights remain in the hands of the Academy, to which we devoted our careers.

Cet article porte sur l'étude de cas en sociologie, en sciences sociales plus généralement. La définition classique attribuée à celle‐ci est ici mise en relief par un rappel du conflit des méthodes en sociologie, marqué par une opposition entre les méthodes qualitatives et les méthodes quantitatives, et des monographies faites sur le Canada français par des membres de l'École de Chicago. Les critiques dont ces monographies ont été l'objet sont ici passées en revue, principalement celles concernant le manque de représentativité et d'objectivité. Dans cet article, l'objectivité est définie comme l'explicitation des stratégies et opérations méthodologiques présidant à l'approche d'un objet d'étude. Une distinction est, par ailleurs, apportée entre la représentativité statistique et la représentativité sociologique déterminant au mieux la valeur de généralité de l'étude de cas. Si, enfin, l'étude de cas est considérée comme une étude, voire une théorie descriptive, il est montré ici que la description s'avère obligée dans la définition des théories explicatives. L'exemple de l'étude du cas de l'économie francophone au Québec est donné afin de reprendre, en des termes proprement méthodologiques, l'ensemble des points abordés dans cet article.This paper concerns the case study in sociology, and in the social sciences in general. The classical definition attributed to the case study is examined here by recalling the methodological conflict in sociology, marked by a rift between qualitative and quantitative methods, and by a retrospective look at the well‐known case studies that American researchers devoted to French Canada (or Quebec), more particularly to its rural culture whose transformation relates to the 'meeting of two worlds.' The criticism levelled at these case studies are examined, especially those concerning their presumed lack of representativeness and objectivity. This lack was invoked without these terms being really stated or clearly determined. In this article, objectivity is defined as being the detailed account of the methodological strategies and operations guiding the approach to an object of investigation. Moreover, a distinction is made between statistical representativeness and sociological representativeness which best determines the generalization value of the case study. Finally, while this approach is considered as a study, or even as descriptive theory, this paper shows that description proves essential in the definition of explanatory theories. The example of the case study approach to the French‐language economy in Quebec is presented in order to re‐examine, in strictly methodological terms, all the points raised in this paper.