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In order to achieve goals and wishes regarding one's own psychophysical wellbeing, humans use different strategies of emotional balancing. One of these is also the use of psychoactive substances (hereinafter PAS). In case of individual's common use of PAS, dependency can develop where individual's various brain mechanisms and functions, which are essential in balancing affect conditions, can be altered. The concept of alexithymia, which is characteristic for addicts, includes deficits in the cognitive-experiential domain of emotional responses and on the level of interpersonal regulation of emotions. Incapable of distinctly recognizing their own subjective feelings, the addicts communicate their own emotional distress to other people very unsatisfactory. Consequentially, they cannot obtain others as sources of help or comfort. The master's thesis tries to answer the research question whether the persons being treated for the dependency of PAS are different from the persons who are not treated for the dependency of PAS, i.e. in the field of the painful affects regulation, on the level of the risk of the abuse of PAS, and on the level of alexithymia. The master's thesis is divided into three theoretical chapters, which represent the concept of regulation of the positive and negative affect, the collection and the efficiency of various affect regulation strategies. The master's thesis represents various PAS and also the syndrome of dependency of PAS as well as emotions in the addicts. The methodology of research, the results, and the discussion on the acquired results are presented in the empirical part. The results of the research showed statistically significant differences between the groups on the level of the risk of the abuse of PAS, on the level of alexithymia, and in painful affects regulation strategies. The master's thesis contributes to better understanding of the role of the affective dis/regulation in persons treated for the dependency of PAS. It presents inner, personal factors which contributed to the emergence of the dependency. It shows the importance and the role of emotional regulation in the process of treating persons addicted to PAS. ; In order to achieve goals and wishes regarding one's own psychophysical wellbeing, humans use different strategies of emotional balancing. One of these is also the use of psychoactive substances (hereinafter PAS). In case of individual's common use of PAS, dependency can develop where individual's various brain mechanisms and functions, which are essential in balancing affect conditions, can be altered. The concept of alexithymia, which is characteristic for addicts, includes deficits in the cognitive-experiential domain of emotional responses and on the level of interpersonal regulation of emotions. Incapable of distinctly recognizing their own subjective feelings, the addicts communicate their own emotional distress to other people very unsatisfactory. Consequentially, they cannot obtain others as sources of help or comfort. The master's thesis tries to answer the research question whether the persons being treated for the dependency of PAS are different from the persons who are not treated for the dependency of PAS, i.e. in the field of the painful affects regulation, on the level of the risk of the abuse of PAS, and on the level of alexithymia. The master's thesis is divided into three theoretical chapters, which represent the concept of regulation of the positive and negative affect, the collection and the efficiency of various affect regulation strategies. The master's thesis represents various PAS and also the syndrome of dependency of PAS as well as emotions in the addicts. The methodology of research, the results, and the discussion on the acquired results are presented in the empirical part. The results of the research showed statistically significant differences between the groups on the level of the risk of the abuse of PAS, on the level of alexithymia, and in painful affects regulation strategies. The master's thesis contributes to better understanding of the role of the affective dis/regulation in persons treated for the dependency of PAS. It presents inner, personal factors which contributed to the emergence of the dependency. It shows the importance and the role of emotional regulation in the process of treating persons addicted to PAS.

V svetu in pri nas se vse pogosteje pojavljajo nove in sofisticirane oblike gospodarske kriminalitete, ki vsebujejo tudi elemente oziroma prvine s področja računovodstva. Predvsem v ZDA se kot odgovor na te težave že nekaj časa pojavlja forenzično računovodstvo, medtem ko je v Sloveniji to področje relativno novo in še ne uveljavljeno. Gre za specializirano vejo na področju računovodstva, katere smoter je v prvi vrsti preprečevanje, odkrivanje in dokazovanje (računovodskih) kaznivih dejanj ter preiskovanje poslovne zanesljivosti fizičnih oseb ali organizacij. V magistrskem delu je podrobno predstavljeno področje forenzičnega računovodstva in različne oblike njegovega delovanja, pri čemer je bistvena uporabna vrednost te dejavnosti pri odkrivanju in preiskovanju gospodarskih oziroma računovodskih kaznivih dejanj. Analizirani so številni vidiki, od same metodologije forenzičnega računovodstva, do strokovno-kadrovskega vidika, kjer je med drugim pojasnjena in poudarjena razlika med forenzičnim računovodjo in revizorjem. Nadalje je poudarek na možnostih izobraževanja s področja forenzičnega računovodstva v ZDA in Sloveniji, pri čemer smo izvedli tudi primerjalno analizo edinega slovenskega študijskega programa forenzičnega računovodstva, ki se izvaja na Visoki šoli za računovodstvo, in ameriškega modela, ki je bil narejen na Univerzi West Virginia v ZDA. Kljub temu, da v ZDA obstaja okoli 420 izobraževalnih institucij, ki ponujajo vsebine s področja forenzičnega računovodstva ter 96 specializiranih študijskih programov forenzičnega računovodstva, smo ugotovili, da je slovenski (magistrski) študijski program ustrezno in kakovostno zasnovan. ; In the world and as well in our country, there seems to be an increase of new and sophisticated forms of economic crime, that also contain elements from the field of accounting. Especially in the USA, as an answer to these issues, for some time now, appears forensic accounting, while in Slovenia this field is relatively new and not yet established. It is a specialized branch of accounting which aim is primarily to prevent, detect and prove the financial crimes and investigate business reliability of individuals or organizations. In the thesis we presented in detail the field of forensic accounting and various forms of its operation, whereby it is essential to understand the practical value of this activity in detecting and investigating economic and financial crimes. We analyzed many aspects of forensic accounting, from methodology to human resource perspective, where among other things, the difference between forensic accountant and auditor is explained and emphasized. Furthermore, the emphasis was on identifying the learning opportunities in the field of forensic accounting in the USA and Slovenia. In doing so, we also performed a comparative analysis of the only Slovenian study program of forensic accounting, which is carried out at the College of accounting and the US model, which was produced at the University of West Virginia in the USA. Despite the fact, that in the USA, there are about 420 educational institutions offering contents in the field of forensic accounting and 96 specialized study programs of forensic accounting, we can say that the Slovenian (MA) study program is designed in an adequate and high-quality manner.

Magistrsko delo predstavlja tematiko večnivojskega upravljanja in sodelovanja na primeru Slovenije in migrantske krize na Zahodni balkanski poti. Namen dela je ugotoviti, ali je bilo večnivojsko upravljanje na primeru kriznega menedžmenta uspešno ter kaj je pripeljalo do njegove uspešnosti oziroma neuspešnosti. Delo temelji na kvalitativni metodologiji študije primera. V prvem delu s deskriptivno metodo opredeli splošno razvitost večnivojskega upravljanja, v drugem delu pa z analizo virov preuči področje skozi primer največje migrantske krize. Na primeru Slovenije kot preučevanega nacionalnega nivoja s komparativno metodo prikaže pomanjkljivosti sodelovanja z nivoji. Na pomanjkljivostih, ki se skozi raziskovanje prikažejo, delo poda predloge za izboljšanje in reševanje podobnih problematik v prihodnosti. Magistrsko delo prikaže, da večnivojsko upravljanje na omenjenem primeru ni bilo uspešno, saj je bila smer sprejemanja odločitev večinoma usmerjena od zgoraj navzdol, kar je otežilo vključevanje podnacionalnega nivoja v odločevalski proces. Slaba praksa obvladovanja migrantske krize je imela posledice na širši ravni, saj je na eni strani določene postopke reševanja krize otežila in podaljšala, na drugi pa nečela dvom o skupnosti in njenih temeljnih vrednotah. Uporabnost dela se kaže tako na praktični kot na znanstveni ravni. Pri praktični ravni se ta kaže kot pomoč vključenim akterjem na različnih nivojih pri reševanju kriz velikega obsega, pri znanstveni ravni pa pri izbiri tematike ter pri izbiri aktualnega primera. Tematika kot taka je v slovenski znanosti še dokaj neomenjena in neraziskana, podobno velja za področje migrantske krize, ki se s svojo veličino ne bo umirila še nekaj časa. ; This master's thesis presents the topic of multilevel governance and cooperation on the example of Slovenia and the migrant crisis on the Western Balkans route. The purpose of the work is to determine whether the multilevel governance of the crisis management was successful and what led to its success or failure. The research is based on qualitative case study methodology. In the first part, the descriptive method defines the general development of multilevel governance, while in the second part, the analysis examines the field on the basis of the biggest migrant crisis since World War II. Comparative method shows deficiencies on the national level in cooperation with other levels on the example of Slovenia. On the shortcomings that appear during the research, the master's thesis presents suggestions for improving and resolving similar problems in the future. The research shows that the multilevel governance in this case was not successful, since the direction of decision-making was mainly directed from the top down and the subnational level was thus poorly involved in decision-making along with the national level. Bad practice has had a negative impact on the entire crisis, resulting on one hand certain procedures being more difficult and lengthier than they should be and on the other, started the doubt of the union as a whole and its basic values. This research is useful on a practical and on a scientific level. On a practical level it is seen as a helpful tool for crisis management to all the actors involved and on the scientific level the usefulness is seen through the choice of topic as well as through the choice of the current case from practice on the basis of which the study was conducted. The subject as such is still fairly unspecified and unexplored on scientific grounds in Slovenia, similarly to the area of the migrant crisis that, due to its extent, will not settle for quite some time.

Uvod: Demografsko staranje predstavlja v zadnjem času velik izziv, s katerim se sooča večina evropskih držav, tudi Slovenija. Ob daljšanju življenjske dobe se mnogi starejši soočajo z eno ali več kroničnimi boleznimi, odvisnostjo od drugih, oslabljenostjo in krhkostjo. A stanje krhkosti ni nepovratna posledica staranja ; izziv, s katerim se soočamo ob podaljševanju življenjske dobe je doseganje čvrste, nekrhke, zdrave in samostojne starosti. Namen: Namen dela je proučiti razširjenost in pojavnost sindroma krhkosti pri starejših odraslih (starih 65 let in več) v Sloveniji in ovrednotiti razlike v primerjavi z Evropo. Metode: Izvedli smo retrospektivno raziskavo razširjenosti in pojavnosti sindroma krhkosti v Sloveniji in Evropi na podlagi podatkov iz raziskave o zdravju, procesu staranja in upokojevanju v Evropi - SHARE. Uporabili smo podatke za leto 2011 (val 4), 2013 (val 5) in 2015 (val 6), pri čemer smo krhkost ovrednotili na podlagi validirane metode SHARE fenotip krhkosti. Analizirali smo razširjenost in pojavnost sindroma krhkosti v Sloveniji in Evropi, ter izvedli primerjavo razširjenosti med Slovenijo in Evropo, in sicer po spolu, starostnih skupinah, izobrazbi, samooceni zdravja, polifarmakoterapiji, geografskih regijah (v Sloveniji) in državah (v Evropi). Rezultati: Razširjenost sindroma krhkosti med starejšimi odraslimi v letu 2015 je bila v Sloveniji 14,2% (95% CI: 12,7-15,6%), v Evropi pa 15,4% ; 95% CI: 14,8-15,9%). Razširjenost predkrhkosti v Sloveniji je bila 41,8% (v Evropi: 44,4%). Med leti 2011 (18,1%), 2013 (17,0%) in 2015 (14,2%) je razširjenost krhkosti v Sloveniji padala. Štiriletna pojavnost (2011-2015) sindroma krhkosti je bila v Sloveniji 4,4 % (95% CI: 2,1-6,7%), v Evropi 5,4 % (95% CI: 4,9-5,9%). Večja razširjenost in pojavnosti krhkosti je pri ženskah, narašča s starostjo, večja je pri nižje izobraženih ljudeh ter osebah s polifarmakoterapijo. Več kot 45% krhkih posameznikov v Sloveniji in Evropi svoje zdravje ocenjuje kot slabo. Najmanjša razširjenost krhkosti je na gorenjskem (8,5%), največja v pomurski regiji (22,2%), v Evropi pa v splošnem narašča od severne proti južni Evropi. Statistično značilen vpliv na krhkost ima spol (v Evropi), starost, izobrazba (v Evropi), samoocena zdravja, polifarmakoterapija ter tudi nekatere regije v severovzhodni Sloveniji in države v Evropi. Zaključki: V prihodnosti bi bilo smiselno poenotiti metodologijo določanja krhkosti ter poenotiti definicijo pojavnosti krhkosti in predkrhkosti, da bi bili rezultati raziskav v različnih državah lažje primerljivi. ; Introduction: Demographic ageing affects most of the European countries, including Slovenia. Increased life expectancy is associated with higher prevalence of chronic diseases, disability, weakness and frailty. Nevertheless, frailty is not an irreversible one-way process. Current challenge for modern healthcare systems is providing non-frail, healthy and independent aging. Aim: The aim of this master's thesis is to evaluate prevalence and incidence of frailty syndrome in older adults (⡥ 65 years) in Slovenia and examine differences compared to other European countries. Methods: Retrospective study of prevalence and incidence of frailty syndrome in Slovenia and Europe was conducted, using the data from Survey of Health, Ageing & Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We used data collected in 2011 (wave 4), 2013 (wave 5) and 2015 (wave 6). Frailty was defined according to validated SHARE Frailty Phenotype method. Prevalence and incidence of frailty in Slovenia and Europe was analyzed, including comparison between Slovenia and Europe, using variables: sex, age categories, education, self-rated health, polypharmacy, statistical regions (Slovenia) and countries (Europe). Results: The overall prevalence of frailty in Slovenia (2015) was 14.2% (95% CI: 12.7-15.6 %), in Europe 15.4% (95% CI: 14.8-15.9%). Prevalence of pre-frailty was 41.8% (Europe: 44.4%). Prevalence in Slovenia was decreasing throughout years: 2011 (18.1%), 2013 (17.0%) and 2015 (14.2%). Four-year incidence of frailty syndrome (2011-2015) was 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1-6.7%) in Slovenia and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.9-5.9%) in Europe. Frailty prevalence and incidence increased with age, and were more frequent among women and participants with lower education and older adults with polypharmacy. More than 45% of older adults in Slovenia and Europe self-assessed their health as bad. Frailty prevalence varies across statistical regions in Slovenia. The proportion of frailty or prefrailty was in general higher in southern than in northern Europe. The variables that are significantly related to prevalence of frailty are gender (female, Europe), age, education (Europe), self-rated health, polypharmacy, some statistical regions in Slovenia and countries in Europe. Conclusions: Unified methodology for evaluating frailty is necessary for easier comparison of results between countries. Moreover, a harmonized definition of measuring frailty incidence may be useful.

Uvod in opis problema: Obravnava bolnikov s tujki v dihalih je stresna situacija, saj je potrebno hitro ukrepanje s strani operacijske ekipe, ki sodelujejo pri obravnavi bolnika. Tujke odstranjujemo v splošni anesteziji z bronhoskopijo oziroma s togim bronhoskopom, ki je endoskopska tehnika za pregled sapnika ter proksimalnih delov bronhijev ter odstranjevanje tujkov iz dihal. Metodologija: V retrospektivni presečni raziskavi smo pregledali podatkovno bazo bolnišničnega informacijskega sistema MEDIS UKC Maribor v desetletnem obdobju od leta 2005 do leta 2015. V raziskovalni vzorec smo vključili bolnike z vključitvenimi kriteriji diagnoz iz Mednarodne klasifikacije bolezni in sorodnih zdravstvenih problemov (MKB-10). Nadalje smo iskali po šifrantu Klasifikacije terapevtskih in diagnostičnih postopkov (KTDP) ter po opravljenih posegih s šiframi posegov. Nato smo v magistrskem delu s slikovnim materialom opisali postopek toge bronhoskopije. V zadnjem delu smo na simulatorju prikazali možnost umetnega predihavanja preko togega bronhoskopa. Rezultati: V desetletnem obdobju je bilo na oddelku za ORL in MFK obravnavanih 38 primerov suma na tujek v dihalih. V 24 primerih je šlo za pediatrične bolnike. Najmlajši je bil star 1 leto, najstarejši 14 let. Tujek, ki je bil v dihalih najpogosteje, je bil arašid. Najpogostejša lokacija zagozditve tujka je desni glavni bronhij, in sicer v 19 primerih. Najpogostejša napotna diagnoza bolnikov, napotenih na oddelek za ORL in MFK, je sum na tujek. Tako kot je pri otrocih razlog aspiracije tujkov raziskovanje okolja ter smejanje, govorjenje pri hranjenju, je pri odraslih vzrok spremljajoča osnovna bolezen. Od 14 primerov pri odraslih je bilo 8 bolnikov hospitaliziranih s spremljajočimi boleznimi. Sklep: Največ tujkov smo zasledili pri otrocih v starosti med 1 in 3 leti. Tako kot je pri otrocih razlog aspiracije tujkov raziskovanje okolja, tekanje, smejanje in govorjenje pri hranjenju, je pri odraslih vzrok spremljajoča osnovna bolezen. Najpogosteje je bil tujek zagozden v desni glavni sapnici. Najpogostejši tujek pri otrocih je bil arašid, pri odraslih jabolko. ; Introduction and description of the problem: Treatment of patients with foreign bodies in the respiratory system, is a stressful situation, since a rapid action is required from the operating teams, involved in a patient management. Foreign bodies are removed under general anaesthesia with a bronchoscopy or with a rigid bronchoscope, which is a technique for an endoscopic inspection of the trachea and for proximal parts of the bronchi and removing foreign bodies from the respiratory tract. Methodology: In a retrospective cross-sectional, study we have examined a database of hospital information system MEDIS UKC Maribor, the ten-year period, from 2005 to 2015. The research sample included patients with inclusion criteria diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Later on, we were searching in the codebook Classifications therapeutic and diagnostic procedures (KTDP) and the work done by the codes interference. Then we had the master's work with imagery to describe the process of rigid bronchoscopy. In the last section we had a simulator to show the possibility of artificial ventilation through the rigid bronchoscope. Results: In the ten year period, the Department of ENT and MFK dealt with 38 cases of a suspected foreign body in the respiratory system. In 24 cases pediatric patients patients were involved. The youngest was one year old, the oldest fourteen years old. The object that was most often in the respiratory system was a peanuts. The most common location of the entrapment of the foreigner is in the right main bronchus and in the 19 cases. The most common referral diagnosis of patients, referred for ENT and MFK department, is suspected foreign body. Just as in children's cases, where the reasons for the aspiration of foreign material are environmental research while laughing and, speaking during feeding, the adult's cases are accompanied by basic cause of disease. Eight of fourteen adult's patients were hospitalized with the concomitant illness. Conclusion: Most foreign bodies were seen in children aged between one and three years. Just as in children's case, where the reason for aspiration of foreign bodies, are environmental research, running, laughing and talking despite the feeding, the adult's cases are accompanied by the cause underlying disease. Mainly, a foreign object was jammed in the right main bronchi. In children's cases a peanut was the most common foreign body, while for adults this was an apple.