Suchergebnisse

Overview: The challenge of accountability for conflict-related sexual violence crimes / Michelle Jarvis -- International concern regarding conflict-related sexual violence in the lead-up to the ICTY's establishment / Grace Harbour -- Challenges to successful outcomes in sexual violence cases / Michelle Jarvis and Kate Vigneswaran -- Policies and institutional strategies for successful sexual violence prosecutions / Michelle Jarvis and Najwa Nabti -- Proving crimes of sexual violence / Priya Gopalan, Daniela Kravetz, and Aditya Memon -- Contextualizing sexual violence : selection of crimes / Laurel Baig, Michelle Jarvis, Elena Martin Salgado, and Giulia Pinzauti -- Contextualizing sexual violence and linking it to senior officials : modes of liability / Barbara Goy, Michelle Jarvis, and Giulia Pinzauti -- Sentencing for sexual violence crimes / Laurel Baig -- The picture of sexual violence in the former Yugoslavia conflicts as reflected in ICTY judgments / Saeeda Verrall -- Using the OTP's experience with sexual violence prosecutions as a springboard for building national capacity / Serge Brammertz, Michelle Jarvis, and Lada Šoljan -- Conclusions: Situating the OTP's experience in a broader global context / Serge Brammertz and Michelle Jarvis -- Annex A. The picture of sexual violence in the former Yugoslavia conflicts as reflected in ICTY cases / Najwa Nabti and Saeeda Verrall -- Annex B. Charges and outcomes in ICTY cases involving sexual violence / Kate Vigneswaran

Navi Pillay in her age (Chile Eboe-Osuji) -- Navi Pillay : overcoming the odds (Vinodh Jaichand) -- On the bench with Navi (Erik Mose) -- Navanethem Pillay : a short Biography (Sugan Naidoo) -- Navi Pillay : up close and personal (Jessica Neuwirth) -- Can the international community meet the challenges ahead of us? (Marti Ahtisaari) -- Hate speech and the Rwanda genocide : ICTR jurisprudence and its implications (Dennis C M Byron) -- The future of global governance and the role of multilateral organizations (Jan Egeland) -- Sixty years of the declaration of human rights : theory and reality in the pursuit of the United Nations agenda (Ibrahim Gambari) -- Do the principles and practice of red cross neutrality meet the necessities of today's humanitarian action? (Sven Mollekleiv) -- Les droits de l'homme dans le processus de la Conference internationale sur la region des Grands Lacs (Mutoy Mubiala) -- Lessons learned in prosecuting gender crimes under International law : experiences from the ICTY (Serge Brammertz and Michelle Jarvis) -- Guerres, femmes et droit : les crimes de guerre, crimes d'agression, crimes de genocide et crimes contre l'humanite (Fatoumata Diarra) -- Rape and superior responsibility : international criminal law in need of adjustment (Chile Eboe-Osuji) --The genocide convention's protected groups : a place for gender? (Katy Grady) -- Prosecuting sexual violence at the ICTR (Alice Leroy-Hajee) --The Nairobi declaration : a gendered paradigm for post-conflict reparations (Amy Senier)

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of new contraceptive acceptors in Senegal overall and by method. Monthly service data from March 2019 to December 2020 were extracted for the number of new contraceptive users of IUDs, implants, injectables, and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analysis for trend analyses overall and by the contraceptive method. Following the announcement of the first COVID‐19 case in Senegal in March 2020, there was an immediate significant decrease in the number of new acceptors overall, and for new users of implants and injectables. From March–December 2020, the trend in monthly new family planning acceptors increased overall, mainly driven by significant increases in new IUD and implant acceptors. Compared to the period before the onset of COVID‐19, there was a statistically significant shift from shorter‐acting methods (OCPs, injectables) to long‐acting reversible methods (IUDs, implants). Despite the immediate adverse impact of COVID‐19‐related restrictions, the number of new acceptors rebounded, trends in the number of new monthly acceptors significantly increased, and there was a significant shift to longer‐acting methods.

1. Obama's war on terrorism in rhetoric and practice / Trevor Mccrisken -- 2. US decline and systemic constraint / Adam Quinn -- 3. Structural shifts and strategic change: from the War on Terror to the Pivot to Asia / Nicholas Kitchen -- 4. Bush, Obama, Bush, Obama, Bush, Obama. : the War on Terror as social structure / Richard Jackson -- 5. Continuity we can believe in: escaping the War on Terror / Michelle Bentley -- 6. Affective investment in the War on Terror / Ty Solomon -- 7. Interventionism in US foreign policy from Bush to Obama / Mike Aaronson -- 8. Drones and the issue of continuity in America's Pakistan policy under Obama / Wali Aslam -- 9. US nuclear weapons policy after the War on Terror : from primacy to sufficiency / Andrew Futter -- 10. Barack Obama, time and US foreign policy / Lee Jarvis.

1. Radicalisation : the journey of a concept / Arun Kundnani -- 2. Prevent and community cohesion in Britain : the worst of all possible worlds? / Paul Thomas -- 3. How (not) to create ex-terrorists : prevent as ideological warfare / Phil Edwards -- 4. Countering violent extremism : social harmony, community resilience and the potential of counter-narratives in the Australian context / Anne Aly -- 5. Prevent abroad : militant democracy, right-wing extremism and the prevention of Islamic extremism in Berlin / Julia Berczyk and Floris Vermeulen -- 6. Recognition masking response : preventing far-right extremism and radicalisation / Michelle Bentley -- 7. Challenging far-right extremism : the other side of the coin? / Rocio Cifuentes -- 8. Mapping the Muslim community : the politics of counter-radicalisation in Britain / Nadya Ali -- 9. Policed multiculturalism? The impact of counter-terrorism and counter-radicalization and the 'end' of multiculturalism / Francesco Ragazzi -- 10. Prevent and the internet / Lella Nouri and Andrew Whiting -- 11. Challenging the separation of counter-terrorism and community cohesion in Prevent : the potential threat of the 'radicalised' subject / Thomas Martin -- 12. Prevent 2011 and counter-radicalisation : what is de-radicalisation? / Mohammed Elshimi -- 13. Refocusing Danish counter-radicalisation efforts: an analysis of the (problematic) logic and practice of individual de-radicalisation interventions / Lasse Lindekilde.

International audience ; Objective: To examine the impact of the ban on smoking in enclosed public places implemented in England in July 2007 on children's exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. Design: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of the general population in England. Setting: The Health Survey for England Participants: Confirmed non-smoking children aged 4-15 with measured saliva cotinine participating in surveys from 1998 to 2008, a total of 10,825 children across years. Main outcome measures: The proportion of children living in homes reported to be smoke free; the proportion of children with undetectable concentrations of cotinine; geometric mean cotinine as an objective indicator of overall exposure. Results: Significantly more children with smoking parents lived in smoke-free homes in 2008 (48.1%, 95%CI 43.0-53.1) than in either 2006 (35.5%, 95% CI 29.7-41.7) or the first 6 months of 2007, immediately before the ban came into effect (30.5%, 95% CI 19.7-43.9). A total of 41.1% (95% CI 38.9-43.4) of children had undetectable cotinine in 2008, up from 34.0 % (95% CI 30.8-37.3) in 2006. Geometric mean cotinine in all children combined was 0.21ng/ml (95% CI .20-.23) in 2008, slightly lower than in 2006, 0.24ng/ml (95% CI .21-.26). Conclusions: Predictions that the2007 legislative ban on smoking in enclosed public places would adversely affect children's exposure to tobacco smoke were not confirmed. While overall exposure in children has not been greatly affected by the ban, the trend towards the adoption of smoke-free homes by parents who themselves smoke has received fresh impetus.

BACKGROUND: On 1 July 2007, smokefree legislation was implemented in England, which made virtually all enclosed public places and workplaces smokefree. OBJECTIVES: We examined trends in and predictors of secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adults to determine whether exposure changed after the introduction of smokefree legislation and whether these changes varied by socioeconomic status (SES) and by household smoking status. METHODS: We analyzed salivary cotinine data from the Health Survey for England that were collected in 7 of 11 annual surveys undertaken between 1998 and 2008. We conducted multivariate regression analyses to examine secondhand smoke exposure as measured by the proportion of nonsmokers with undetectable levels of cotinine and by geometric mean cotinine. RESULTS: Secondhand smoke exposure was higher among those exposed at home and among lower-SES groups. Exposure declined markedly from 1998 to 2008 (the proportion of participants with undetectable cotinine was 2.9 times higher in the last 6 months of 2008 compared with the first 6 months of 1998 and geometric mean cotinine declined by 80%). We observed a significant fall in exposure after legislation was introduced--the odds of having undetectable cotinine were 1.5 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 1.8] and geometric mean cotinine fell by 27% (95% CI: 17%, 36%) after adjusting for the prelegislative trend and potential confounders. Significant reductions were not, however, seen in those living in lower-social class households or homes where smoking occurs inside on most days. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the impact of England's smokefree legislation on secondhand smoke exposure was above and beyond the underlying long-term decline in secondhand smoke exposure and demonstrates the positive effect of the legislation. Nevertheless, some population subgroups appear not to have benefitted significantly from the legislation. This finding suggests that these groups should receive more support to reduce their exposure.

By any measure, Judith Gardam has accomplished much in her professional life and is rightly acknowledged by scholars throughout the world as an expert in her many fields of diverse interest — including international law, energy law and feminist theory. This book celebrates her academic life and work with twelve essays from leading scholars in Gardam's fields of expertise.