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The ideas of Adam Przeworski, a proponent of analytical Marxism (see, eg, Capitalism and Social Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1985), are examined in detail against the goal of building new scientific foundations for classical Marxism & purging it of dogmatic elements. It is argued that the uncritical adoption of the scientific tools of neoclassical economics do not supply microfoundations, &, in fact, that the same inadequacies of orthodox Marxism, ie, its failure to base historical claims in micro-institutions, exist in analytical Marxism. In particular, Przeworski's explanation for the durability of capitalism & the passivity of its working class, & his insights on class formation & struggle are disputed. In Class, Production and Politics: A Reply to Burawoy, Przeworski argues that the role of production in class formation proposed by Burawoy is unsubstantiated. He argues instead that where workers' organizations are strong in capitalist societies, they do not need socialism, ie, nationalization of the means of production, because they have power over the labor market & influence over the state; where they are weak, they gain more by collective action, militancy, & nationalizing production. M. Malas

In economics, business, and government policy, innovation policy requires the creation of new approaches to a whole range of activities. This edited volume engagingly explores the roles of individuals and organizations involved in the creation and application of innovations. Covering topics as diverse as the macro-economic importance of innovation, theories of knowledge and learning, entrepreneurship, education and research, organizational innovation, networks, and regional innovation systems, Micro-Foundations for Innovation Policy provides critical insights into the development of innovation policy.

In economics, business, and government policy, innovation policy requires the creation of new approaches based on insight in what happens in innovation processes, on the micro level of people, firms and interaction between them. In innovation policy it should also be recognized that innovation entails a whole range of activities beyond R&D, such as entrepreneurship, design, commercialization, organization, collaboration and the diffusion of knowledge and innovations . This edited volume explores the roles of individuals and organizations involved in the creation and application of innovations. Covering topics as diverse as the macro-economic importance of innovation, theories of knowledge and learning, entrepreneurship, education and research, organizational innovation, networks and regional innovation systems, Micro-Foundations for Innovation Policy provides critical insights into the development of innovation policy.

"Expected outcomes offer no new information. Results that are unexpected challenge orthodox views. While most discrepancies are resolved upon detailed examination, the few that remain have the potential to lead to a new understanding of human behavior. Over the past four decades, I have held a unique position that has allowed me to directly observe how people form and act on their economic expectations as the director of the University of Michigan's consumer sentiment surveys. I initially resisted the startling implications of my observations as they were in inconsistent with accepted theories in economics and psychology"--

This paper provides microfoundations for dual economy models. First, the patterns of production and population growth in the traditional agricultural sector are examined. This shows the connection between long‐run per capita income and subsistence wages. Second, it proves the existence of surplus labour and defines two types of surplus labour. Third, it considers two wage determination mechanisms in the modern sector and their relationships with the requirement for labour market restrictions. Fourth, the labour market is linked to food supply. Fifth, the dynamics of surplus labour and labour transfer are considered and two types of turning point are defined.

The micro-foundations of party unity are still an understudied topic in comparative politics. This article explores the effects of political ambition on party loyalty in Members of the Chamber of Deputies' (MCDs) claimed votes based on attitudinal data. Ambition theory posits that ambitious politicians should act according to the (s)electorate they are aiming to win for the next election, therefore acting prospectively in their legislative votes. Findings suggest that MCDs seeking office in the national executive branch are more likely to follow the party line and less likely to side with their district or vote inconsistently. While inclusiveness of candidate selection procedures alone does not have an effect, its interaction with differing ambitions does. The results provide us with a first systematic analysis of ambition and its effect on party loyalty in 14 countries by examining the individual MCD more closely.

In this article, we seek to shed light on the micro-foundations of the Tiebout model. We use a survey of respondents in four of the largest United States metropolitan areas to analyze factors that contribute to households' exiting behavior. In this analysis, we explore the types of reasons likely movers offer to explain a potential move. The analysis incorporates variables measuring Tiebout factors and variables drawn from two important alternative explanations that have been discussed widely in political science in recent years. Our findings generally support a Tiebout explanation: Evaluations of core municipal services are found to be the strongest determinant of the likelihood to move. Moreover, variables drawn from alternative explanations, including race, family income, and social capital, are found to be either unrelated to the decision to move or to have the opposite effect on the likelihood of moving from what would be expected.

Studies of social dilemmas consistently report higher than expected levels of cooperation, especially in the presence of appropriate institutions. At the same time, scholars have argued that institutions are manifestations of power relations. The higher than expected levels of cooperation amidst widespread power asymmetries constitute an important puzzle about the linkages between power asymmetries and the outcomes of local institutional deliberation. In this paper, I develop a microfoundation-based approach that examines incentives and imperatives to explain how power asymmetries shape individuals' responses to institutional development and institutional change. I argue that local power asymmetries work across multiple interlinked institutional arenas. A fuller examination of the effects of power asymmetries, therefore, requires that scholars account for how interlinked institutional arenas shape strategic actions of the members and leaders within local communities.