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The similarity between State and trade unions consists in the fact that both are associations; the State pursuing general aims and the trade unions private ones. Taking the historical example of ancient Rome, the author shows how private associations were independent in the beginning and became later subject to the Sate's aims. Continuing his historic review of the subsequent social struggles he describes the dismemberment during the Middle Ages, the growing strength the State could achieve which resulted in the victory if the liberal State over the corporations during the French Revolution, as well as the recent renewal of their strength in a transition between liberal and planned economy. However the author distinguishes between the planned economy of a totalitarian State (ordination principle) and that of a democratic State (coordination principle), in which the State assumes the function of facilitating the transformation which will lead to an industrial democracy, in which labor will have a share in the profits. ; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas