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In Germany, migration research is still a relatively young line of research. Several obstacles complicated a critical recovery of research concepts on the history of population and migration that had been shaped as early as in the 1920s. This was the result of the multilayered disavowal of academic demography - because of its role in Nazi Germany, because of the long-lasting primate of history of politics in post-WW ll Germany, and finally because of the late emergence of the history of society. This situation has profoundly changed during the last decades of the twentieth century. Reasons were the increasing historical distance to the 'fall of man' of demography in Nazi Germany, the reorientation of historiography in the context of critical social and cultural sciences; the inclusion of labor-market research into migration research, and the shaping of interdisciplinary and integral research concepts.

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero medievale. Quando si parla di Viollet-le-Duc, infatti, è necessario dimenticare il termine "restauro" per un istante, guardando all'architetto francese nella più ampia prospettiva della struttura filosofica nella quale inquadrava i suoi lavori, nei quali la razionalità del passato era richiamata sia per la razionalità del presente che del futuro dell'architettura. Viollet scelse il Medioevo come periodo di riferimento per il proprio approccio – applicabile a qualsiasi altro periodo storico – per due ragioni principali, di tipo culturale e politico. Dal punto di vista culturale, sia il Medioevo che il Romanticismo hanno rappresentato, infatti, due grandi avanguardie, poiché in entrambi i casi avvenne una rottura dei linguaggi estetici tradizionali. Dal punto di vista politico, invece, attraverso i Comuni, nel diciannovesimo secolo era possibile guardare al Medioevo come 'la madre e il padre' della storia europea. Questa percezione era fortemente sentita in Italia, ma ancora di più in Francia dove, dopo le guerre napoleoniche, il Medioevo era avvertito come la 'vera' storia del paese. Attraverso il riferimento ad alcuni intellettuali, tra i quali Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi e Charles Baudelaire, Villari dimostra come Viollet-le-Duc sia stato uno dei pochi a intravedere la continuità tra passato e presente, sviluppando una nozione di Medioevo inteso come "il tempo e il luogo" di origine della libertà moderna.

Il tema sviluppato nel presente intervento è il rapporto tra narrazione e (ri)costruzione storica. Si prenderà in esame l'accezione di narrativa correntemente utilizzata nel mondo storiografico facendola dialogare con il paradigma dei global middle ages, espressione coniata nel 2018 dalle storiche Catherine Holmes e Naomi Standen. Per meglio mettere in risalto tali dinamiche un caso di studio sarà offerto dalla vicenda di Federico II, con particolare enfasi alla costruzione biografica e dei miti nel rapporto con le culture altre. Il fine sarà di superare le due tradizionali macro interpretazioni dell'idea di Medioevo, analizzate da Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri e David Matthews: Medioevo arretrato regno di oscurità e Medioevo vagheggiato come luce del mattino, all'origine di molte identità politiche contemporanee – non ultima quella dell'Unione Europea. The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of narrative in historiography, with a dialectical approach towards the paradigm of global Middle Ages, an expression firstly used by historians Catherine Holmes and Naomi Standen in 2018. To perform an in depth analysis of the abovementioned relationship, we will use as a case study the figure of Frederick II. A significant emphasis will be put on the biographical construction and myths, especially in the relationship with other cultures. The aim of our essay is to provide a framework within it would be easier to overcome the two traditional macro interpretations of Middle Ages, studied by Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri and David Matthews: Middle Ages as a backward reign of darkness and Middle Ages as the morning light, at the origin of many contemporary political identities – not least that of the European Union. ; The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of ...

This contribution sketches the essential aspects of terrestrial navigation in the late middle ages and early modern times. The emergence of terrestrial navigation is seen in the context of changes taking place in both trade policies and vessel types directly prior to this epoch. Whereas ships had previously remained in the vicinity of the coast for purposes of protection, now every effort was made to keep a safe distance from the coast. This principle was reflected in new navigational methods completely lacking any theoretical basis, particularly in a specific type of icourse-pointö navigation (Wegpunktnavigation). The new methods depended entirely upon the aid of the sounding Iead, the compass and sailing directions passed along in both oral and written form. For territory-related reasons, the log and sea chart did not play a role in navigation until a much later date.