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By examining a significant corpus of secular and monastic charters, this study provides a more complex understanding of the role of religious patronage in medieval society, specifically offering a glimpse of the experience of female rulers in a period when actions were often constrained and obscured by gender bias. [From the publisher] ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_books/1038/thumbnail.jpg

Existing studies find little connection between living standards and mortality in England, but go back only to the sixteenth century. Using new data on inheritances, we extend estimates of mortality back to the mid-thirteenth century and find, by contrast, that deaths from unfree tenants to the nobility were strongly affected by harvests. Looking at a large sample of parishes after 1540, we find that the positive check had weakened considerably by 1650 even though real wages were falling, but persisted in London for another century despite its higher wages. In both cases the disappearance of the positive check coincided with the introduction of systematic poor relief, suggesting that government action played a role in breaking the link between harvest failure and mass mortality.

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The article contains a description of the development of Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages. The author divides Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages into three periods. The first period (10th–12th centuries) is characterised by frequent conflicts and rivalry in the struggle for dominion over East-Central Europe. The second period (from the beginning of the 13th century to the 1330s) is characterized by more peaceful relations and the subsequent expansion of Czech power into Silesia and Poland. This period ends in the 1330s, when the newly-established power and political arrangements were formally accepted. The third period (from the 1330s to the beginning of the 16th century) sees a growth in mutual sympathies between the two nations and, at the same time, the rejection of the Czech "heresy" by the Poles. This resulted in the Czech throne being taken up by a Polish dynasty.

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero medievale. Quando si parla di Viollet-le-Duc, infatti, è necessario dimenticare il termine "restauro" per un istante, guardando all'architetto francese nella più ampia prospettiva della struttura filosofica nella quale inquadrava i suoi lavori, nei quali la razionalità del passato era richiamata sia per la razionalità del presente che del futuro dell'architettura. Viollet scelse il Medioevo come periodo di riferimento per il proprio approccio – applicabile a qualsiasi altro periodo storico – per due ragioni principali, di tipo culturale e politico. Dal punto di vista culturale, sia il Medioevo che il Romanticismo hanno rappresentato, infatti, due grandi avanguardie, poiché in entrambi i casi avvenne una rottura dei linguaggi estetici tradizionali. Dal punto di vista politico, invece, attraverso i Comuni, nel diciannovesimo secolo era possibile guardare al Medioevo come 'la madre e il padre' della storia europea. Questa percezione era fortemente sentita in Italia, ma ancora di più in Francia dove, dopo le guerre napoleoniche, il Medioevo era avvertito come la 'vera' storia del paese. Attraverso il riferimento ad alcuni intellettuali, tra i quali Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi e Charles Baudelaire, Villari dimostra come Viollet-le-Duc sia stato uno dei pochi a intravedere la continuità tra passato e presente, sviluppando una nozione di Medioevo inteso come "il tempo e il luogo" di origine della libertà moderna.

Historians have generally argued that the feudal system in the later Middle Ages in England had declined into obsolescence, at least as far as the aristocracy were concerned, and little has been written in the last half-century on the subject. Yet not only were the greater landowners assiduous in keeping records of tenants holding land from them by knight's service, serjeanty and socage, but evidence from these sources suggests that feudal rights and duties remained important. Revenues from feudal incidents (honorial courts, escheats, wardships and feudal aids) were fluctuating but often lucrative sources of income, though they had declined from thirteenth-century heights and were subject in the later fourteenth and fifteenth century to both political fluctuations and variability in quality of lordship. Lords also continued to insist on the personal performance of homage; the numbers involved, the high-status buildings in which the ceremony was performed (usually before important witnesses) and the solemnity of the ceremony itself suggest that homage was more important in the later Middle Ages than is generally acknowledged. Feudal tenants, indeed, played a significant part in aristocratic affinities. Defined in narrow terms as a system of relationships, feudalism was not moribund.

"Philanthropy," "charity," and related concepts were well known to late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Rulers, wealthy individuals and, early on, the Christian church founded hospitals, distributed food, and established forms of relief for the needy of various sorts throughout the period. The problem comes in interpreting these activities, their motives, and their goals. Is the philanthropia of a pre-Christian philosopher of a piece with the agape, or Christian love, of a fourth-century bishop? When the Roman emperor provides bread and circuses, what does he intend and why does he do it? Does the twelfth-century nobleman intend the same? As with so many of our social, moral, and political concepts, placing "philanthropy" and its premodern cognates in their historical and intellectual context highlights our contemporary understanding of philanthropic work and its place in our moral world.

Padom Zapadnog Rimskog Carstva 476. poslije Kr. te ulaskom Gota u Rim, Europa se raspala na mnogo tada neorganiziranih, nepovezanih entiteta koji su započinjali izgradnju vlastitoga kulturnog i političkog identiteta. Kako je vrijeme prolazilo, tako se sve više gubio jedan unificirani mjerni sustav (rekli bismo: antički SI sustav mjera) te sve ono kulturno i tehnološko naslijeđe koje je Rim nakon sebe ostavio. Mjerni sustav uvijek je potreban da bi bilo koji vid društvene aktivnosti uopće opstao. S obzirom da je područje rimskog utjecaja bilo ogromno, a da je na njemu nastalo mnogo novih entiteta, nisu se uspjeli zadržati već uvriježeni mjerni sustavi nego su se počeli stvarati i upotrebljavati lokalni sustavi. Uporaba lokalnih mjernih sustava bila je katkad toliko rascjepkana da su gradovi koji su jedni drugima vidjeli zidine imali potpuno drugačije definirane odnose unutar mjernih sustava. Opisivanje svih mjernih jedinica tijekom srednjeg vijeka zahtijevalo bi puno vremena. Ovdje će biti opisano sve ono što se odnosi na mjerenje mase, što izravno ili neizravno utječe na točnost odnosno bolje rečeno vjerodostojnost izmjera, poglavito pri obavljanju razmjene novca u trgovanju na područjima s različitim mjernim sustavima. Te pojave često su iskorištavali ovlašteni mjenjači novca koji su na "zakonit" način potkradali drugu stranu.

Do Americans live in a liberal capitalist society, or a society in which big money, private security, and personal relations determine key social outcomes? Shlapentokh and Woods argue that the answer to these questions cannot be found among the conventional models. Offering a new analytical tool, the authors present a provocative explanation of the nature of contemporary society by comparing its essential characteristics to those of medieval European societies. Their feudal model emphasizes five elements: the weakness of the state to protect its citizens, conflict and collusion between and within organizations that involve corruption and other forms of illegal or semilegal actions, the dominance of personal relations in political and economic life, the prevalence of an elitist ideology, and the use of private agents and organizations to provide safety and security. Feudal America urges readers to look for explanations of contemporary social problems in medieval European history.

"First published in one volume, May 1898." ; I. A.D. 378-1278--II. 1278-1485. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

First published in one volume, 1898. ; Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ; I. A.D.378-1278 -- II. 1278-1485. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Il tema sviluppato nel presente intervento è il rapporto tra narrazione e (ri)costruzione storica. Si prenderà in esame l'accezione di narrativa correntemente utilizzata nel mondo storiografico facendola dialogare con il paradigma dei global middle ages, espressione coniata nel 2018 dalle storiche Catherine Holmes e Naomi Standen. Per meglio mettere in risalto tali dinamiche un caso di studio sarà offerto dalla vicenda di Federico II, con particolare enfasi alla costruzione biografica e dei miti nel rapporto con le culture altre. Il fine sarà di superare le due tradizionali macro interpretazioni dell'idea di Medioevo, analizzate da Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri e David Matthews: Medioevo arretrato regno di oscurità e Medioevo vagheggiato come luce del mattino, all'origine di molte identità politiche contemporanee – non ultima quella dell'Unione Europea. The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of narrative in historiography, with a dialectical approach towards the paradigm of global Middle Ages, an expression firstly used by historians Catherine Holmes and Naomi Standen in 2018. To perform an in depth analysis of the abovementioned relationship, we will use as a case study the figure of Frederick II. A significant emphasis will be put on the biographical construction and myths, especially in the relationship with other cultures. The aim of our essay is to provide a framework within it would be easier to overcome the two traditional macro interpretations of Middle Ages, studied by Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri and David Matthews: Middle Ages as a backward reign of darkness and Middle Ages as the morning light, at the origin of many contemporary political identities – not least that of the European Union. ; The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of ...

Nas últimas décadas, o estudo da historiografia, da memória histórica e dos usos do passado tem suscitado cada vez maior atenção junto dos meios académicos. O medievalismo em particular, comummente entendido como a representação ou o uso da Idade Média no período pós-medieval, assume aqui um papel significativo, dada a importância da época medieval na cultura histórica romântica e nos processos de construção das identidades nacionais desde o século XIX. No contexto académico português, porém, o medievalismo foi ainda escassamente analisado, faltando um estudo que abranja as suas várias dimensões, da historiografia às políticas de memória. Esta dissertação pretende colmatar esta lacuna, ao explorar as várias representações da Idade Média em Portugal entre o final do século XIX e a primeira metade do século XX. Focando três grandes temas – escrita da história, património artístico e comemorações históricas – iremos demonstrar como certos conceitos, instituições, figuras, eventos e obras da história medieval portuguesa foram narrados, retrabalhados e celebrados, à luz dos discursos decadentistas sobre a nação e sobre o mundo ocidental e da evolução política do país neste período. Estudos internacionais sobre este tema permitirão a realização de exercícios comparativos, bem como considerar a dimensão transnacional do medievalismo português, inserido nas grandes correntes culturais e ideologias políticas que influenciaram as várias representações da época medieval neste período. No final, iremos verificar como uma visão essencialmente romântica da história portuguesa persistiu ao longo de grande parte do século XX, ao representar dicotomicamente a Idade Média de forma positiva em comparação com uma Modernidade identificada com declínio civilizacional e espiritual. ; In recent decades, the study of historiography, historical memory and the uses of the past has become a subject of increasing attention in academic circles. Medievalism in particular, commonly understood as the representation or use of the Middle Ages in the post-medieval period, assumes here an significant role, given the importance of the medieval epoch in Romantic historical culture and in nation-building processes since the nineteenth century. However, medievalism has still been scarcely analysed in the Portuguese context, lacking a study that encompasses its multiple dimensions, from historiography to politics of memory. This dissertation aims to fulfil this gap, by exploring the various representations of the Middle Ages in Portugal between the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Focusing on three major topics – writing of history, artistic heritage and historical commemorations –, we will demonstrate how certain concepts, institutions, figures, events and works of Portuguese medieval history were narrated, reworked and celebrated, in the light of decadentist discourses about the nation and the Western world and of Portugal's political evolution in this period. International research on the topic will allow the making of comparative analyses and the understanding of the transnational dimension of Portuguese medievalism, inserted in the major cultural trends and political ideologies that influenced the various depictions of the medieval epoch in this period. In the end, we will show that an essentially Romantic view of Portuguese history persisted through the twentieth century, dichotomically presenting the Middle Ages in a positive light in comparison with a Modernity identified with civilizational and spiritual decline.

International audience ; La translatio poétique, c'est-à-dire la traduction ou l'adaptation d'un texte-source (en vers ou en prose) dans une forme versifiée, est un mode de composition important dans la première moitié du XVe siècle anglais, dans le cadre plus large du développement de l'anglais écrit. Les auteurs de ces textes, au contenu didactique, encyclopédique ou politique – tels Thomas Hoccleve, John Lydgate et bien d'autres – sont parfaitement conscients de leur contribution à la formation d'une tradition poétique en anglais, et plus précisément d'une « poétisation du savoir ». Cet article tente de montrer que le choix de la versification doit être resitué dans le contexte troublé de la période, marqué notamment par l'usurpation de la dynastie des Lancastre, la présence de la seule hérésie anglaise de la fin du Moyen Âge, l'énergie lollarde, ou encore les remous liés à la guerre de Cent ans. ; Poetic translatio, that is translation or adaptation of a source-text (in verse or in prose) in verse, is an important mode of composition in the first half of the English fifteenth-century, in the larger context of development of English writings. Authors of these texts, with a didactic, encyclopedic or political content – such as Thomas Hoccleve, John Lydgate and many others – are conscious of their contribution to the formation of an English poetic tradition. This paper intends to show that the choice of verse must be situated in the troubled political context of the period, especially because of the Lancaster usurpation, the Lollard heresy or the Hundred Years' War.