Suchergebnisse

Today, illegal migration in Ukraine poses a significant threat to the national security of the country, as state-controlled migration processes cause shadowing of certain sectors of the labor market, the emergence of interethnic conflicts, trafficking in human beings, the existence of corruption and drug trafficking. Problems remain: the absence of codified legislation to prevent criminal activity in the field of illegal migration, the imperfect settlement of regimes on traditional ways of illegal migration, also no responsibility for the illegal use of illegal migrants' work, the need for systematic accountability relations between state bodies performing the function of protecting the state border of Ukraine. Accurate and objective identification of the causes, conditions, factors and methods of illegal migration of migrants plays a leading role in understanding the processes that facilitate illegal migration and help to identify the circumstances underlying human deviant behavior, which in turn will allow measures to be taken. eliminating the environment for motivation. Illegal migrants, as well as their leaders, use numerous illegal ways to cross the Ukrainian state border, overcoming vast distances and risking their lives. The only solution, in my opinion, is to reduce the material interest of the border population in engaging in this criminal business. At the same time, implementation of these measures is possible only at the international level. Therefore, it is necessary to interact with the law enforcement agencies of neighboring states and to undertake joint activities to counteract the illicit movement of persons across borders. Therefore, in this paper, I consider it is expedient to study the current theoretical and practical aspects of combating illegal migration, to analyze the ways and causes of illegal smuggling across the state border of Ukraine and to identify the main approaches for solving this issue. Moreover, the author thinks that it is necessary to establish cooperation with foreign law ...

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

The article presents the study results of the labor migration impact on the social and economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify the opportunities and threats associated with labor migration and to formulate mechanisms that will facilitate the integration of the domestic labor market into the EU labor market. The study was conducted through the processing of the Ukrainian legislation, as well as international conventions of other normative acts, scientific publications on labor relations and migration, data of state statistics. As a result of the study, the reasons for the intensification of labor migration, the main areas of employment of the Ukrainians abroad are determined. The research showed that the main reason for labor migration is the lack of jobs and low wages. The common risks of migrant workers labor and social rights violation, such as informal employment, discrimination in wages, etc. are analyzed. The research identified opportunities and threats for migrants and society caused by the labor migration. More over, working abroad allows an individual not only to improve the financial position, but also to get new knowledge anf obtain professional skills, thus, increasing his own value in the labor market. The labor and social rights protection mechanism of the Ukrainians working abroad is offered. Further wage level increase, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and the vocational training quality improvement will contribute to minimizing the possible negative consequences of labor migration for the society. The implementation of the mechanisms proposed in the article will contribute to the integration of the Ukrainian labor market into the EU's single labor market, allowing Ukrainian citizens to equal successfully realization of their professional and career ambitions both in their own country and abroad.

The relevance of this study is determined by the strengthening of migration processes, caused by the development and deepening of globalization and integration processes, and the emergence of the opposing processes. It has been indicated that migration processes influence greatly the direction and pace of development of the global and domestic economy, demographic processes in most countries, enhancement or reduction of the social standards, and other aspects of our lives. It has been determined that nowadays our country doesn't have any unified comprehensive concept of the migration policy that would give the country and its citizens opportunity to become high-grade members of the European Community, keep and fully protect their civil, labour and social rights and freedoms. The aim of the study is to analyze the modern migration policy of the European countries and to define recommendations on the strengthening of the communication between domestic and European migration policy. Methods of the systemic, structural analysis, logical analysis, factual analysis and situational approach have been used in order of achieving the stated aim. During the study it has been found that modern migration policy of the European countries is formed under the influence of the defined factors: demographics, significant changes in conditions of the modern labour market, increase of the intensity of external migration flows, military conflicts on the territory of Ukraine and Syria, deepening of the problem of international terrorism, permanent financial crisis in some countries of the European Union, the referendum in the UK on the decision to exit the EU. According to the results of the research, recommendations on the necessity to study and apply the fundamentals and principles of the European migration policies in defined spheres have been formed.

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.

Since the development of human history, the drive for a better life has been a powerful driving force for the development of new territories and the denationalization of different cultures and peoples. Not only did migration reflect the demands of society and the percentage of its perception of the state of the world order, but it also reflected the fundamental shortcomings of the world order system. International migration is an important way of developing host countries. Therefore, one of the main tasks of European countries is to identify from this large-scale phenomenon the most positive results and to minimize its negative effects. The spread of migration processes is primarily influenced by current problems of socio-economic development in the world. The authority of migration among the public has been significant for several centuries, but by the end of the twentieth century migration processes were not so self-contained and were not of a sustainable nature, comparing them with the present. At the end of XIX - beginning of XX century, migration became a satellite of industrial society. By the early twentieth century, migration was characterized by "governed" by government orders, and its main manifestations were the conquering methods, in particular, the colonization of territories, the slave trade, and so on. Independent migration of people in space limited the lack of transport facilities. Today's attempts at state regulation of migration processes do not produce the expected results. Migration policies of the states are characterized by fragmentation of administrative actions, insufficiency of both the resource and the legislative base. In contrast to previous centuries, modern migration is not subject to authoritarian forms of influence, it requires the creation of a system of governance in the form of an independent social institution, able to solve new problems in fundamentally new ways. The rational control over migration processes, creation of preconditions for attracting the necessary human ...

The article deals with challenges and opportunities for international labour migration in Ukraine. It is stressed that the approach to regulation of international labour migration should be comprehensive and should encompass a whole range of factors influencing migration flows, which will ensure making appropriate economic and social changes. The present concept of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine is analyzed and the need for its improvement is discussed. The priority goals of the Concept of State Migration Policy in Ukraine are highlighted. It is stated that state migration policy is carried out in both emigration and immigration. Some of the key factors of immigration and emigration are identified. It is proved that migration policy in Ukraine is being shaped towards the European Union, which envisages a mutually beneficial redistribution of human resources over the countries. The paper claims, that achieving the quality of life as high as in the EU countries is a key demand for the integration into the European Union. It is emphasized that the existing legislation on migration has some weak points related to developing and fulfilling human potential of migrants. A range of measures to regulate international labour migration is introduced. Based on the research findings, the following actions are proposed to meet the aims of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine: reduction of emigration from Ukraine by improving its socio-economic status; training and retraining of potential emigrants tailored to the specific characteristics of labor market growth in the country; stimulation of internal mobility aimed at the reduction of emigration; regulation of external employment of Ukrainian citizens; creation of conditions for attracting and efficient using of migrants' money transfers; using transnational connections of migrants; halting the employment of national human resources; stimulation of immigration attractiveness for certain professional; halting illegal and undesirable migration; regulation of immigrants in Ukraine; legalization of illegal present immigrants; signing bilateral agreements between countries on return migration; stimulating re-emigration; protection of the rights and interests of labour migrants in Ukraine and abroad.

The article deals with the consideration of strategic principles of the national security policy to counteract illegal migration in Ukraine and to provide appropriate recommendations for its improvement. Globalization has been shown to lead to radicalization, conflict, terror and clashes of ideologies and significant migration processes. It is determined that the complex socio-economic, socio-political and military conditions that are present in Ukraine hinder the implementation of an effective security migration policy. It is established that the Law of Ukraine "On National Security" defines the main fundamental positions on combating illegal migration in Ukraine, on the basis of this Law implements the state policy on introduction of crisis response mechanisms, which cause illegal migration. It is stated that strategic and conceptual normative acts declaring issues of crisis response (including those which cause migration processes) can be attributed to: the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, which confirmed the urgency of the threats to the national security of Ukraine, related to increased illegal migration; The concept of counter-terrorism in Ukraine, which provides a relevant task to prevent terrorist activity; The concept of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, which defines concrete actions on ways to improve the efficiency of the State Migration Service of Ukraine. The question of implementation of the measures planned in the mentioned normative acts has been questioned. It is determined that the target strategic legal act on combating illegal migration is the Strategy of State Migration Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2025, which is a fundamental legal act on combating illegal migration. In order to increase the efficiency of activities, to counteract illegal migration, the directions of state regulation on a single foreign policy of security of Ukraine and the EU are substantiated. ; В статті піднято питання розгляду стратегічних засад держаної політики безпеки щодо протидії незаконній міграції в Україні та надання відповідних рекомендацій щодо її покращення. Встановлено, що глобалізація призводе до радикалізації, конфліктів, терору і зіткнення ідеологій та до значних міграційних процесів. Визначено, що складна соціально-економічна, суспільно-політична та воєнна обстановки, які склалися на сьогодні в Україні заважають реалізації дієвої безпекової міграційної політики. Встановлено, що Закон України «Про національну безпеку» визначає основні ґрунтовні позиції щодо протидії незаконній міграції в України, на основі цього Закону реалізується державна політика з запровадження механізмів реагування на кризові ситуації, причинною яких є незаконна міграція. Зазначено, що до стратегічних та концептуальних нормативно-правових актів, які декларують питання реагування на кризові ситуації (в тому числі тих кризових ситуацій, причинами яких є міграційні процеси) можливо віднести:Стратегію національної безпеки України, в якій підтверджено актуальність загроз національній безпеці України, що пов'язані з посиленням незаконної міграції; Концепцію боротьби з тероризмом в Україні, яка надає відповідне завдання щодо запобігання терористичної діяльності; Концепцію розвитку сектору безпеки і оборони України, що визначає конкретні дії щодо шляхів для підвищення ефективності діяльності Державної міграційної служби України. Поставлено під сумнів питання щодо реалізації на практики запланованих в зазначених нормативно-правових актах заходів. Визначено, що цільовим стратегічним нормативно-правовим актом щодо протидії незаконній міграції є Стратегія державної міграційної політики України на період до 2025 року, що є ґрунтовним нормативно-правовим актом щодо протидії незаконній міграції. З метою збільшення ефективності діяльності, щодо протидії незаконній міграції обґрунтовано напрями державного регулювання щодо єдиної зовнішньої політики безпеки України та ЄС.

Migration is a demographic, social, and psychological phenomen on very important for developed countries where international movement of population has a stronger influence on the country's demographic characteristics and economic indicators dependent on them. Migration processes started to receive more attention in the second half of the nineteenth century. After Lithuania regained its independence, migration processes became a hot topic and remain ed such to the present day. Much changed since 1990's. After regain ing independence and join ing the European Union in 2004, Lithuania started to see the phenomen on of massive emigration. Although rapidly growing migration is one of the features of a modern society, it can have negative effects, especially if the country is small and economically fragile. During twenty years of independence Lithuania lost about half a million inhabitants because of international migration. Migration theories state that migration is influenced by many economic, social, political, cultural, and psychological factors. Migration not only depends on different factors, but also is influenced by vary­ing economic and social conditions. This research report focuses on migration process changes in Lithuania during the period of 2003-2008 identifying the major labour market indicators in Lithuania, which have been strongly affected by international migration. [.]

Migration is a demographic, social, and psychological phenomen on very important for developed countries where international movement of population has a stronger influence on the country's demographic characteristics and economic indicators dependent on them. Migration processes started to receive more attention in the second half of the nineteenth century. After Lithuania regained its independence, migration processes became a hot topic and remain ed such to the present day. Much changed since 1990's. After regain ing independence and join ing the European Union in 2004, Lithuania started to see the phenomen on of massive emigration. Although rapidly growing migration is one of the features of a modern society, it can have negative effects, especially if the country is small and economically fragile. During twenty years of independence Lithuania lost about half a million inhabitants because of international migration. Migration theories state that migration is influenced by many economic, social, political, cultural, and psychological factors. Migration not only depends on different factors, but also is influenced by vary­ing economic and social conditions. This research report focuses on migration process changes in Lithuania during the period of 2003-2008 identifying the major labour market indicators in Lithuania, which have been strongly affected by international migration. [.]

The purpose of the Lithuanian Migration and Diaspora Studies cluster is to investigate problems associated with the origins of the Lithuanian diaspora and with its cultural, political, and social activities as well as to carry on and to further systematic interdisciplinary research on transnational migration and diaspora processes. The cluster joins scholars from various disciplines (historians, litterateurs, sociologists, lawyers, ethnologists), who analyze episodes of émigré history, culture, and literature and investigate the academic, intellectual, and cultural activities of émigré organizations and personalities; changes in their conceptions of ethnic and national identity; and issues of adjustment and preservation of Lithuanianness. Much attention is paid to Lithuanian migration policy research in the context of the comparative migration policy. Cluster objectives are realized through research, preparation of scientific conferences, seminars, participation in research projects. The research results are published in periodicals, monographs, source publications and studios.