Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the end of the Second World War. It examines the reasons for the USSR's entry into the war against Japan despite the previously signed Neutrality Pact, the terms of surrender, and also shows the decisive role of the Soviet Armed Forces in achieving victory over Japanese militarism.

The development of Russia at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries led to the necessity of building a regular army and naval forces, capable of defending the national interests. At the same time the military health care was also developing, including its most important part, such as medicines supply to troops (forces). The publication of domestic military pharmacopoeias significantly contributed to the solution of the mentioned national task. The first edition of the military pharmacopoeia was dated 1765. Military pharmacopoeias were primarily published in Latin and then in Russian (1866). They included not only military science advanced achievements, but also civilian medical science and practices and contributed to ensuring the proper quality of medical aid to Russian soldiers. ; Развитие России на рубеже XVII-XVIII веков привело к необходимости формирования регулярной армии и военного флота, способных отстаивать государственные интересы. Вместе с этим развивалось и военное здравоохранение, в том числе и такая его важнейшая компонента, как лекарственное обеспечение войск (сил). Решению этой государственной задачи в немалой степени способствовало издание отечественных военных фармакопей, первый выпуск которых датирован 1765 г. Издаваемые вначале на латыни, а затем на русском языке (1866 г.) они включали в себя наиболее значимые достижения не только военной, но и гражданской медицинской науки и практики и способствовали обеспечению должного качества медицинской помощи российским воинам.

The article considers the problem of military-professional training of cadets military pilots in a military aviation university, which forms a readiness for practical activities. The relevance of the study is due to the needs of modernization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the current external and internal conditions of life of the state. The military-professional activity of cadets-military pilots is considered as a process of solving professional tasks that ensure the readiness of aviation units to ensure the military security of the country. The significance of the command-methodological activity in the structure of the military-professional activity of an officer is revealed. Based on the activity approach, team and methodological tasks in the content of military-professional activity are determined, the leading role of command-methodological activity is proved. On the basis of the functional approach and the principle of identification, the functions of command-methodological activities are determined: military-flight, organizational-managerial and educational. Arguments are given regarding the command-methodological competence of cadets-military pilots during their training at a military aviation university. The specificity and peculiarity of the military-professional activity of cadets military pilots is specified. ; В статье рассматривается проблема военно-профессиональной подготовки курсантов военных летчиков в военном авиационном вузе, формирующей готовность к практической деятельности. Актуальность исследования обусловлена потребностями модернизации Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации в сложившихся внешних и внутренних условиях жизни государства. Военно-профессиональная деятельность курсантов военных летчиков рассматривается как процесс решения профессиональных задач, обеспечивающих готовность авиационных подразделений к обеспечению военной безопасности страны. Раскрывается значимость командно-методической деятельности в структуре военно-профессиональной деятельности офицера. С опорой на деятельностный подход определяются командные и методические задачи в содержании военно-профессиональной деятельности, доказывается ведущая роль командно-методической деятельности. На основе функционального подхода и принципа идентификации определяются функции командно-методической деятельности: военно-летная, организационно-управленческая и учебно-воспитательная. Приводятся аргументы относительно командно-методической компетентности курсантов военных летчиков в период их обучения в военном авиационном вузе. Конкретизируется специфика и особенность военно-профессиональной деятельности курсантов военных летчиков.

Two main issues are considered in this article. The first is the changing historical and legal status of private military companies (PMCs). Emerging after the end of World War II, the PMC phenomenon became well-established by the mid-1990s. In the first decade of the 21st century, PMCs not only engaged in military activity in different regions of the world but also participated as independent economic actors capable of occupying a certain niche in the military segment of the world economy. Following this review, the article examines the practical activities of PMCs drawing on the example of the conflict in Ukraine during the civil war that began there after the coup d'etat of February 2014 and which saw the removal of the legally elected president V. Yanukovych and the rise of nationalist radicals to power. It should be noted that the Ukrainian crisis is only one of many examples of the use of PMCs. Moreover, as demonstrated in this study, the most powerful PMCs in the world are represented in the territory of Ukraine, pointing to the extreme importance of the processes occurring in Ukraine from the view point of the interests of the dominant actors in the modern international system involved in Ukrainian affairs.

At the present stage of development of the Russian Armed Forces, the service of military chaplains plays an important role in the issues of psychological support of personnel. In author's opinion, military chaplains have a wide range of opportunities for solving problems on the spiritual revival of the Russian army and increasing the morale of military. The article reflects the data of an empirical study conducted in several stages with different groups of clergyman. Relying on the methodological and theoretical ideas about the relations between the subject of activity and his abilities, stated by S. L. Rubinstein's, in particular the statement that specific activity requires specific qualities from the individual, as well as V. D. Shadrikov's assertion that success activity is determined by the systemically interacting system of abilities, the author pursues the goal: to reveal the competencies (professional and personal) abilities of chaplains of the military unit and to justify the need for them to receive a psychologist knowledge. Conducted with the help of the questionnaire and the "Ideal" method developed by E. I. Kuzmina and Z. V. Kuzmina, the study allowed to draw important conclusions for practice: putting high professional requirements to oneself, the chaplains of the military unit have a powerful spiritual and moral potential in solving tasks for the spiritual support of military. However, studies have shown that assistants to commanders for working with religious military lack psychological knowledge in their professional activities. Obviously, a higher level of development of the competencies of the military chaplains can be achieved due to the strengthening of the psychological component in the system of training assistants to commanders of units to work with religious military. As a result, we will receive highly qualified specialists who, at the level of joint professional activity with commanders, assistants to commanders for work with military and psychologists of military units, will raise the ...

The article presents the results of the qualification work "Renovation of the territory of Irkutsk Higher Military Aviation Engineering School with the development of a fragment of the military gymnasium complex in Irkutsk". The historical context, urban planning and space location of the university campus and techniques are described. They allow increasing the density of buildings and pedestrian accessibility of infrastructure facilities, which makes the urban environment more comfortable. The definition of renovation and its main characteristics are given. ; Статья представляет итоги квалификационной работы «Реновация территории ИВВАИУ с разработкой фрагмента комплекса построек военной гимназии в Иркутске». Характеризуется исторический контекст, градостроительное расположение и территориальное размещение проекта университетского кампуса и приемы, позволяющие повысить плотность застройки и пешеходную доступность объектов инфраструктуры, что делает городскую среду более комфортной. Дается определение реновации, ее основные характеристики.

Military institutions are traditionally focused on the implementation of the classical, narrow form of educational development of professional knowledge and skills of cadets. In modern conditions, a transition is taking place to a broad system of professional development that determines the formation of a wide range of professional potential of future officers, the development of not only narrow professional knowledge and skills, but also potential abilities for active creativity, motivation for systematic collection, processing and use of new informational data. To study the factors of inhibition of the educational process in the modern military institute, the results of the sociological research "Social and Labor Development in the Assessments of Cadets of the Saratov Military Institute" are analyzed. This analysis shows that military vocational training is characterized by informational isolation, rigid administrative organizational educational culture. The latter leads to a discrepancy between the formally stated and necessary, as well as the actually emerging creative potential of cadets (graduates) of Russia's military institutions. The military institute lacks free access to Internet resources, a significant part of the information flow of the external social environment. Administrative technologies of interaction between the teacher and the students prevail, there are no favorable conditions for creative self-realization, complex development of creative projects, self-development of the intellectual potential of cadets, the practice of including cadets in the system of tactical management and self-management, organizing their own leisure time is limited. In this regard, changes are necessary in two directions: 1) providing organizational and informational conditions and opportunities for the creative implementation of students, as well as stimulating creative educational, scientific, and self-governing leisure activities of cadets; 2) the formation of organizational structures that purposefully support ...

The subject of this article become relevant issues of strategic deterrence in the military sphere. The theme of the article is strategic deterrence, as the activity of the state in the military sphere. The purpose of this article is to discuss topical issues of the Russian Federation for security in the military sphere through the implementation of measures, which are united by the common concept of strategic deterrence. The article defines the goals, objectives and components of strategic deterrence of the Russian Federation To determine the necessary and sufficient measures which are capable of ensuring the prevention of possible threats and aggressive actions against Russia, it is compared with similar activities of the United States (strategic stability). The work methodology includes: define the conceptual field and a comparative analysis of strategic deterrence and strategic stability. Comparative characteristic is based on the transfer factors (nuclear and precision weapons), objects (military bases, spaceports, polygons) and events of strategic deterrence and strategic stability of their definitions and the features are given. The list of measures (types of) strategic deterrence and strategic stability are highlighted: political, diplomatic, economic, informational and military. Based on the principle of appropriate use of the defensive potential of the state, which assumes the implementation of the strategic deterrence as a complex of measures is necessary: to develop: high–tech sectors of the defense industry, relevant kinds and types of troops, providing strategic deterrence, objects of strategic deterrence, and their readiness strategy and combat use of specialized services and troops. Based on the study of the subject the following conclusions are made: strategic deterrence as a complex of state measures in the military sphere is based on nuclear warhead and vehicle which are possible at this stage, the events of strategic deterrence are carried out in five different directions. In the military ...

В статье рассмотрены объективные и субъективным факторы формирования интернационализма иностранных военнослужащих. Определены составляющие культурно-образовательной среды военного вуза. Выявлены факторы, негативно влияющие на процесс формирования интернационализма иностранных военнослужащих. ; The article considers the objective and subjective factors of the formation of internationalism of foreign military personnel. The components of the cultural and educational environment of the military university are determined. The factors that negatively affect the process of forming the internationalism of foreign military personnel are identified.

This article provides an assessment of the development of the military potential of China and the United States from the perspective of the growing confrontation between the parties. Special attention is paid to the development of innovations and to technological diplomacy. Due to the high level of innovations integration in the military and civil spheres, a military-technical competition initiates a full-scale confrontation in the economic and industrial spheres. The growing potential of China poses a challenge for the USA to constrain China's technological development, including by limiting its possibilities for scientific and technological cooperation with other countries. ; Статья рассматривает вое ческие и технологические аспекты развертывающегося глобального противостояния КНР и США. Военно-экономические факторы играли ключевую роль в советско-американском противостоянии времен холодной войны и сохраняют существенную, хотя и меньшую роль в нынешнем американо-китайском противостоянии. С точки зрения производственных возможностей США оказались в непривычном для себя положении догоняющей стороны в связи с утратой ряда базовых гражданских отраслей экономики в 1980-90-е годы. В среднесрочной перспективе можно ожидать и отставания США от КНР и по объемам финансирования военного производства и НИОКР с учетом паритета покупательной способности. В сложившихся условиях США вынуждены делать акцент на своих главных преимуществах: технологиях и сети международных союзов. Таким образом, логическим следствием нынешней расстановки сил в военно-экономической сфере становится выход на первый план в международной политике технологической дипломатии – попыток изолировать и подорвать высокотехнологичные отрасли промышленности противника, одновременно укрепляя свою сеть технологических альянсов. Важнейшим полем борьбы двух держав становится Европа, при этом растущее значение для КНР в этом контексте может приобрести научное и промышленное взаимодействие с Россией.

The article is devoted to the complex of Irkutsk cadet corps (school), which was unreasonably withdrawn from the list of monuments of regional significance and the State Register of Cultural Heritage Sites by the Service for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Irkutsk Region. Disagreeing with the opinion of officials, the authors reveal the historical and cultural potential of this ensemble and prove its historical, memorial, town-planning, architectural, landscape and recreational value. ; Статья посвящена комплексу Иркутского кадетского корпуса (училища), необоснованно выведенного Службой по охране объектов культурного наследия Иркутской области из состава памятника регионального значения, Государственного реестра объектов культурного наследия. Не соглашаясь с официальным мнением чиновников, авторы раскрывают историко-культурный потенциал этого ансамбля, доказывают его историко-мемориальную, градостроительную, архитектурную, ландшафтно-рекреационную ценность.

В статье рассматриваются этапы становления и развития военного дискурса в Китае. ; The article presents an overview of military discourse studies and related notions in China over the last three decades. The author singles out and characterizes the stages of emergence and development of this research area and notes the tendency to activate these studies and to expand the scope of their objects and methods. Interest in this research area is associated with the modification of conflicts in the modern world: their participants use super modern technical means that allow waging information and commercial warfare on the global scale.

The article focuses on consideration of the problem of transformation of value orientations of young men of military age in a changing society. The authors show the place of military service in the value orientations of modern young men. Revealing the changes taking place in society, the article focuses on the transformations that have affected the army, and the psychological problems that it faced. The empirical part of the study is the analysis of the results of multiple diagnostic tests and monitoring to study the attitudes of young people to serve in the Armed Forces of Russia, the study of value orientations and spiritual and moral foundations of young men that determines their position in life. Being based on the analysis of empirical studies the authors have shown that the process of self-identification of young people cannot take place without the process of reflection and sense formation, to which one should draw his/her close attention, especially in the transition of a modern army on a professional basis. ; Цель статьи – рассмотреть проблему трансформации ценностных ориентаций у юношей призывного возраста в условиях изменяющегося общества. Авторы показывают место службы в армии в системе ценностных ориентаций современных юношей. Раскрывая изменения, происходящие в обществе, в статье делается акцент на трансформациях, которые затронули армию, и тех психологических проблемах, с которыми она столкнулась. Эмпирическая часть исследования представляет анализ результатов многочисленных диагностических исследований и мониторингов по изучению отношения молодых людей к службе в Вооруженных силах России, изучению ценностных ориентаций и духовно-нравственных основ юношей, которые определяют их жизненную позицию. На основании анализа эмпирических исследований показано, что процесс самоидентификации молодежи не может проходить без процессов осмысления и смыслообразования, на что нужно обращать пристальное внимание, особенно в условиях перехода современной армии на профессиональную основу