Suchergebnisse

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to detect causes of potential vulnerability via indicators of non-resilience among marginalized groups. These causes could become a catalyst for a major deprivation of resilience and further victimization of a group, either while disaster is occurring or in its aftermath.


Design/methodology/approach
– Exploration of resilience was based on social and economic research conducted in Serbia 2012-2013 with one of the most vulnerable communities, with the goal of mapping local understandings of resilience in contrast to issues of risk and vulnerability. A specific two layer methodology, i.e. phenomenology of desperateness was based on sociological imagination and social action.


Findings
– The author detected and labeled the most relevant socio-economic causes of miserable life conditions among the given marginal group. Such analytical dimensions become marked as the indicators of vulnerabilities. Mapping these vulnerabilities, especially among the marginal communities, is the first step in preventing their victimization.


Practical implications
– The responsible social agents are compatible with the creation of the relevant map and profile of the most vulnerable actors with the goal of preventing a possible eugenics selection during DRR and response.


Social implications
– In addition to preventing victimization during a disaster, this study provides preventives of the sentiment-driven actions induced by paternalistically organised everyday life (established by way of the same indicators) within the framework of a new totalitarian ideology, such as a para-military organization of daily activities.


Originality/value
– This paper provides a specific methodology for detecting desperateness as an inner process in vulnerability and new insights into the comprehension of the relation between social structure of marginal groups, their resilience and their members' vulnerability.

The despised castes : North-East India in Buddha's time / Richard Fick -- Slavery in ancient India : as depicted in Pāli and Sanskrit texts / Dev Raj Chanana -- Evolution of untouchability in Tamil Nadu up to AD 1600 / K.R. Hanumanthan -- Caṇḍāla and the origin of untouchability / Vivekananda Jha -- Women, men, and beasts : the Jatakas as popular tradition / Uma Chakravarti -- Chokhamela and Eknath : two bhakti modes of legitimacy for modern change / Eleanor Zelliot -- "Foreigner" and "tribe" as barbarian (mleccha) in early North India / Aloka Parasher-Sen -- Is there a Tamil race? / Dagmar Hellman-Rajanayagam -- The tyranny of labels / Romila Thapar -- Representing the other? Sanskrit sources and the Muslims / Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya -- Vaiṣṇava perceptions of Muslims in sixteenth-century Bengal / J.T. O'Connell

This article analyzed the state of Singapore as a multiracial country and how Singapore issued regulations to harmonize life between different ethnicities in its society. This research used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that allowed collecting relevant evidence on the given topic that fits the pre-specified eligibility criteria and have an answer for the formulated research questions. Data search was performed by searching the internet using databases such as Google Scholar, J store, Research Gate, Sage Journal, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The data source used in this research was the publication of the last 10 years. Some of the articles reviewed included minorities against Muslims, against ethnic minorities who were left behind in education and economics, and against people who failed to carry out the culture in the country of Singapore. These findings are largely consistent with the Singapore constitution, meaning that the Singaporean government provides equal treatment to all citizens. Article 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore guarantees the rights of minority communities to their religious belief and practice. However, in everyday life, there is discrimination against minorities, especially in terms of religion, culture, and social education. This research suggests enriching future research by obtaining interviews or direct questionnaires to minorities who live in Singapore.

A review essay on books by (1) Wolfgang von Hippel, Armut, Unterschichten, Randgruppen in der fruhen Neuzeit ([Poverty, Lower Classes, Marginal Workers in Modern Times] Munich: Oldenbourg, 1995); (2) Carsten Kuther, Rauber und Gauner in Deutschland ([Theft and Criminals in Germany] 2nd edition, Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1987); (3) Terence McIntosh, Urban Decline in Early Modern Germany: Schwabisch Hall and Its Region (Chapel Hill, NC, & London: U of North Carolina Press, 1997); & (4) Mack Walker, The Salzburg Transaction: Expulsion and Redemption in Eighteenth-Century Germany (Ithaca, NY, & London: Cornell U Press, 1992). These studies represent the influence of the social sciences on German historiography, which has spawned new forms of gender history & history from below. They all focus on the early modern phase of the Holy Roman Empire, especially the period following the Thirty Years War. Von Hippel's survey of poverty & marginal groups covers the whole early modern period (1495-1806). He offers insights into both shifting meanings of terms like "poor" & changing relationships between individuals & society. Kuther's study of bandits & robbers in late-18th- & early-19th-century Germany advances an interpretation of the state as malevolent that has been challenged by his critics. McIntosh's doctoral study of urban decline in southwestern Germany highlights the initiative of small town residents who shifted to different forms of economic activity in response to German territorialization & international conflict. His work contests the thesis of "small town insularity" in Walker's study of the forced expulsion of Salzburg Protestants in 1731/32 & their subsequent emigration to Hohenzollern East Prussia. J. Lindroth

The impact of liberal globalization and multiculturalism means that nations are under pressure to transform their national identities from an ethnic to a civic mode. This has led, in many cases, to dominant ethnic decline, but also to its peripheral revival in the form of far right politics. At the same time, the growth of mass democracy and the decline of post-colonial and Cold War state unity in the developing world has opened the floodgates for assertions of ethnic dominance. This book investigates both tendencies and argues forcefully for the importance of dominant ethnicity in the contemporary world.

Globalization and migration are pressuring nations around the world to change their ethnic self-definition and to treasure diversity not homogeneity. This book explores the growing gap between modern nations and their dominant ethnic groups.