Suchergebnisse

As Mr. CALHOUN observed, governments were formed to protect minorities -- majorities can take care of themselves.

Babassika, I.: Migration and minorities. - S. 29-34. Kouneva, M.: Minority governance in Bulgaria. - S. 35-42. Petricusic, A.: Implementation of rights of minorities in Croatia. - S. 43-58. Bieber, F.: Minority-majority relations in Serbia and Montenegro. - S. 59-69. Sobotka, E.: National minorities in the Czech Republic: from exclusion to coexistence. - S. 71-81. Trier, T.: Minorities in post-Shevardnadze Georgia. - S. 83-89. Negrin, K.: Minorities in postsocialist Hungary. - S. 91-110. Andreescu, G.: National minorities in Romania: the contribution of the Advisory Committee. - S. 111-122. Vermeersch, P.: Minorities in democracy: notes from a Belgian perspective. - S. 123-137. Shirlow, P.: 'Who fears to speak': fear, mobility, and ethnosectarianism in the two 'Ardoynes'. - S. 139-166. Roccia, M.: Ethnic minorities in Italy: history and legislative framework. - S. 167-180. Daftary, F.: Lessons learned from Corsican experiences with autonomy. - S. 181-223

As recently as November 1988, the then Minister for Justice, Gerry Collins, speaking in Seanad Éireann during the Second Stage of the Prohibition of Incitement to Racial, Religious or National Hatred Bill, remarked that Ireland was "essentially a homogeneous society" and "despite our membership of the European Community and, therefore, our close relationship with a number of societies which are becoming increasingly multiracial, the racial structure of this country is unlikely to change significantly for some time to come." Whereas Collins viewed Ireland as a homogenous society in the late 1980s, this is certainly not the case today. A look at the 2011 census reveals that 544,357 non-Irish nationals were living in the Republic of Ireland, an increase of 143% since 2002, representing 199 different nations. The change in Ireland's demographics has coincided with a transformation in Ireland's reputation as one of being a socially conservative society dominated by the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, to one of Ireland being a leading exemplar for human rights and tolerance throughout the world. This was most epitomised by the 2018 repeal of the eighth amendment of Bunreacht na hÉireann, which had placed a constitutional ban on abortion since the divisive referendum of 1983, and the 2015 marriage equality referendum. It is within this context that the tenth issue of Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies focuses on "Minorities in/and Ireland" as a means of contextualising the important role minorities have played in Irish society. "Minorities in/and Ireland" comprises ten essays divided up into four sections: "Queer Representations in Literature"; "Home and Away: Notions of Irishness"; "Theatre and Minorities' (In)Visibility"; "Resilience: Travellers and Magdalene Survivors", which broadly address issues such as: the representation of LGBT individuals, exiles, migrants, and refugees in Irish literature; LGBT migrants and political activism; the role of theatre as a medium of giving voice to minorities like Ireland's Jewish community and those with disabilities; and the resilience of Ireland's Traveller community and survivors of Magdalene Laundries. The essays are not confined to one period, instead, they span from the late 1800s to the present day, covering both the North and South of Ireland as well as regions outside Ireland. Combined, these essays provide an insight into a changing Ireland. ; -- 1. Queer Representations in Literature -- 2. Home and Away: Notions of Irishness -- 3. Theatre and Minorities' (In)Visibility -- 4. Resilience: Travellers and Magdalene Survivors

Ethnic minority means a group of people with different ethnic backgrounds as opposed to the majority of the population living in a state. There are national minorities in every country of the world, but not in every country they are recognized by their legal status, fundamental rights, representation in institutions, use of language and national symbols, etc. International law obliges states to "respect" the individual rights of minorities to participate effectively in public life, including matters relating to the identity of minorities at the national and local levels in the decision-making process. The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in the Council of Europe requires states to "create" the necessary conditions for such participation. The International Convention against Ethnic and Racial Discrimination requires that "equal access to public services" not be denied or denied on ethnic or racial grounds. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) grants the right of every citizen to be elected without discrimination, while respecting the free expression of the will of the electorate. Various constitutions provide numerous, sometimes innovative, measures to create channels for the participation of minority groups, but often minorities have to appeal in court to gain or defend their rights. In general, the right to political participation, the right to vote and to be represented in Parliament is considered important indicators in the category of effective participation in the collective sphere, because these are categories where the specific demands of communities are in conflict with the democratic principle of majority governance.Keywords: minority, minority, minority rights and their protection, racial, religious, linguistic discrimination, Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.

We analyze the process of democratization in a polity with groups that are divided along ethnic as well as economic lines. We show that: (i) the presence of ethnic minorities, in general, makes peaceful democratic transitions less likely; (ii) minorities suffer from discriminatory policies less in democracies with intermediate levels of income inequality; and (iii) in new democracies with low levels of income inequality, politics is divided along ethnic lines, and at greater levels of inequality economic cleavages predominate.