Suchergebnisse

Актуальність теми дослідження полягає у вивченні способів збереження конфесійної ідентичності в тестах церковних діячів XVII століття. Це важливо не тільки для студій культури бароко, але і для розуміння сучасної церковної політики.Мета цієї роботи: вивчити функції сакральних образів в літературному дискурсі другої половини XVII століття. Автор статті прийшла до висновку, що Іллінська ікона Богородиці в текстах Іоанна Максимовича та Димитрія Туптала виконує функції сакралізації Чернігова як конфесійного центру, збереження православної ідентичності, захисту від ворогів, помічниці у важких життєвих ситуаціях. Подальше вивчення функцій українських богородичних ікон в літературних текстах дасть можливість визначити коло і роль святинь ранньої модерної України. ; Relevance of the topic is to explore ways to preserve confessional identity in the texts of the ecclesiastical figures of the XVII-th century. This is important not only for investigation of Baroque culture, but also for understanding the contemporary church politics.The purpose of this work to study the function of sacred images in the literary discourse of the second half of the XVII- th century.In this article this icon is considered as a literary image in the books «Runo oroshennoye» of Dymytriy Tuptalo and «Bohorodytse Divo» of Ioann Maksymovych. The miracle- stories are analyzed as narrative texts, in which the miracles are the main events. In these books any trip to the icon associated with the theme of changing the physical state of a person following the confession, prayer, sincere repentance and the sacrament, that are a purely religious forms of communication with God. Dymytriy Tuptalo wrote his stories by narrative prose, Joann Maksymovyc wrote his teksts by verses, but the plots of these texts were very similar. These texts have standard building, called the hero of the story, which came to the monastery; at the margin or in the text the event calendar indicates (usually a year, month, day or holidays of the church calendar). Each of the authors puts in its own semantic accents.Virgin transmits and directs its power through the Icon for people who need her help. So the image of Virgin is studied across its functions (Helper, Protector, Presenter and others). Also the author came to the conclusion that icon of the Virgin from the monastery of st Illya serves as a means of sacralization of Chernigiv as a spiritual center. This icon performs the functions of preservation of Orthodox identity and protection from real enemies.Further study of literary texts, features of Ukrainian Marian icons will make it possible to determine the circle of shrines and their role in the early modern Ukraine. ; La pertinence du sujet de recherche est d'examiner les moyens de préserver les tests d'identité chefs religieux de l'église du XVII siècle. Ceci est important non seulement pour les studios de la culture baroque, mais aussi pour comprendre la politique de l'église contemporaine.Le but de ce travail: pour étudier la fonction des images sacrées dans le discours littéraire de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle auteur de l'article conclut que Elijah icône de la Vierge dans les textes de Ioanna Maksimovicha et Dimitriya Tuptala sert sacralisation Tchernigov à la fois centre confessionnel, la préservation de l'identité orthodoxe, la protection contre les ennemis, assistant dans des situations difficiles. Une étude plus approfondie des textes littéraires fonctions icônes mariales ukrainiens permettront de déterminer le cercle et le rôle des premiers modernes sanctuaires ukrainiens. ; Актуальность темы исследования заключается в изучении способов сохранения конфессиональной идентичности в тестах церковных деятелей XVII века. Это важно не только для студий культуры барокко, но и для понимания современной церковной политики.Цель этой работы: изучить функции сакральных образов в литературном дискурсе второй половины XVII века. Автор статьи пришла к выводу, что Ильинская икона Богородицы в текстах Иоанна Максимовича и Димитрия Туптала выполняет функции сакрализации Чернигова как конфессионального центра, сохранения православной идентичности, защиты от врагов, помощницы в тяжелых жизненных ситуациях. Дальнейшее изучение функций украинских богородичных икон в литературных текстах даст возможность определить круг и роль святынь раннемодерной Украины.

Relevance of the topic is to explore ways to preserve confessional identity in the texts of the ecclesiastical figures of the XVII-th century. This is important not only for investigation of Baroque culture, but also for understanding the contemporary church politics.The purpose of this work to study the function of sacred images in the literary discourse of the second half of the XVII- th century.In this article this icon is considered as a literary image in the books «Runo oroshennoye» of Dymytriy Tuptalo and «Bohorodytse Divo» of Ioann Maksymovych. The miracle- stories are analyzed as narrative texts, in which the miracles are the main events. In these books any trip to the icon associated with the theme of changing the physical state of a person following the confession, prayer, sincere repentance and the sacrament, that are a purely religious forms of communication with God. Dymytriy Tuptalo wrote his stories by narrative prose, Joann Maksymovyc wrote his teksts by verses, but the plots of these texts were very similar. These texts have standard building, called the hero of the story, which came to the monastery; at the margin or in the text the event calendar indicates (usually a year, month, day or holidays of the church calendar). Each of the authors puts in its own semantic accents.Virgin transmits and directs its power through the Icon for people who need her help. So the image of Virgin is studied across its functions (Helper, Protector, Presenter and others). Also the author came to the conclusion that icon of the Virgin from the monastery of st Illya serves as a means of sacralization of Chernigiv as a spiritual center. This icon performs the functions of preservation of Orthodox identity and protection from real enemies.Further study of literary texts, features of Ukrainian Marian icons will make it possible to determine the circle of shrines and their role in the early modern Ukraine. ; La pertinence du sujet de recherche est d'examiner les moyens de préserver les tests d'identité chefs religieux de l'église du XVII siècle. Ceci est important non seulement pour les studios de la culture baroque, mais aussi pour comprendre la politique de l'église contemporaine.Le but de ce travail: pour étudier la fonction des images sacrées dans le discours littéraire de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle auteur de l'article conclut que Elijah icône de la Vierge dans les textes de Ioanna Maksimovicha et Dimitriya Tuptala sert sacralisation Tchernigov à la fois centre confessionnel, la préservation de l'identité orthodoxe, la protection contre les ennemis, assistant dans des situations difficiles. Une étude plus approfondie des textes littéraires fonctions icônes mariales ukrainiens permettront de déterminer le cercle et le rôle des premiers modernes sanctuaires ukrainiens. ; Актуальность темы исследования заключается в изучении способов сохранения конфессиональной идентичности в тестах церковных деятелей XVII века. Это важно не только для студий культуры барокко, но и для понимания современной церковной политики.Цель этой работы: изучить функции сакральных образов в литературном дискурсе второй половины XVII века. Автор статьи пришла к выводу, что Ильинская икона Богородицы в текстах Иоанна Максимовича и Димитрия Туптала выполняет функции сакрализации Чернигова как конфессионального центра, сохранения православной идентичности, защиты от врагов, помощницы в тяжелых жизненных ситуациях. Дальнейшее изучение функций украинских богородичных икон в литературных текстах даст возможность определить круг и роль святынь раннемодерной Украины. ; Актуальність теми дослідження полягає у вивченні способів збереження конфесійної ідентичності в тестах церковних діячів XVII століття. Це важливо не тільки для студій культури бароко, але і для розуміння сучасної церковної політики.Мета цієї роботи: вивчити функції сакральних образів в літературному дискурсі другої половини XVII століття. Автор статті прийшла до висновку, що Іллінська ікона Богородиці в текстах Іоанна Максимовича та Димитрія Туптала виконує функції сакралізації Чернігова як конфесійного центру, збереження православної ідентичності, захисту від ворогів, помічниці у важких життєвих ситуаціях. Подальше вивчення функцій українських богородичних ікон в літературних текстах дасть можливість визначити коло і роль святинь ранньої модерної України.

Випускну кваліфікаційну роботу, присвячена вивчено одній із проблем загальної історії. «Економічному диву» східних країн та комплексному теоретико-методологічному, аналітичному й економіко-інституційному обґрунтуванню впливу державного регулювання на структурні трансформації в системі національної економіки( На прикладі Японії). Проведено дослідження економічних і політичних реформ в Японії. Проаналізовано основні реформи, які були зроблені японським урядом. Зроблено висновок щодо доцільності втілення японських реформ. Розглянуто еволюцію особливостей та механізмів здійснення структурних змін в Японії, що призвели до формування нині існуючих високоефективних ринкових економік. Значну увагу в роботі присвячено дослідженню проблем становлення економіки в окупаційний період, та вплив іноземних капіталів на внутрішній ринок. Дане дослідження розкриває політичні та соціальні аспекти становлення та розвиток економічної моделі Японії. Проведене дослідження передумов та факторів формування феномену «економічного дива» дозволило нам виділити загальні передумови формування «економічного дива», які були притаманні всім дослідженим країнам: перехід від централізованого адміністрування до ринкової економіки; освоєння техніки та запровадження результатів науково-технічного прогресу; орієнтація економіки на експорт; активізація внутрішнього ринку; активний розвиток підприємництва. ; The final qualifying work is devoted to one of the problems of general history. "Economic miracle" of the eastern countries and a comprehensive theoretical and methodological, analytical and economic-institutional justification of the impact of state regulation on structural transformations in the national economy (On the example of Japan). A study of economic and political reforms in Japan. The main reforms made by the Japanese government are analyzed. A conclusion was made as to the expediency of implementing Japanese reforms. The evolution of features and mechanisms of structural changes in Japan, which led to the formation of existing highly efficient market economies, is considered. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the problems of economic formation during the occupation period, and the impact of foreign capital on the domestic market. This study reveals the political and social aspects of the formation and development of Japan's economic model. The study of the preconditions and factors of the phenomenon of "economic miracle" allowed us to identify the general preconditions for the formation of "economic miracle", which were common to all countries studied: the transition from centralized administration to a market economy; mastering technology and introducing the results of scientific and technological progress; export orientation of the economy; activation of the internal market; active development of entrepreneurship.

Стаття присвячена аналізві проблем педагогічної підготовки майбутніх учителів. Розглядаються теоретико-правові аспекти становлення вищої педагогічної освіти Італії у другій половині ХХ століття. Звертається увага на залежність системи освіти від політичної ідеології. Зокрема, відмічається вплив Християнсько-демократичної партії (ХДП) на становлення системи освіти Італії у світовому просторі. Аналізуються переваги та недоліки від прийняття закону про лібералізацію вступу до університетів. Висвітлюються причини виникнення студентського руху та його наслідки для національної системи освіти. ; The article analyzes the problems of pedagogical training of future teachers. The theoretical and legal aspects of formation the higher pedagogical education in Italy in the second half of the XX-th century is revealed. Special attention is drawn to the dependence of the system of the education on political ideology. In particular, there is marked the impact of the Christian Democratic Party on the formation of the education system in the world space. The advantages and disadvantages of the enactment of the liberalization of admission to universities are analyzed. The causes of the student movement and its impact on the national educational system are highlighted. The object of the article is the study of the pedagogical education in Italy prior to the signing of the Magna Charta Universitatum. The methodological basis of the study makes N. Barbieri, R. Greci, G. Luzzatto. By means of comparative historical analysis, analysis of archival materials and documents, we have come to the conclusion that in the second half of the XX-th century, higher education in Italy did not develop uniformly. In the postwar period, more attention was paid to technical and vocational education. In the second half of the 1960-s, educational policy in Italy was designated by facilitate admission to the university system and the transition from elite to mass education. This transformation was accompanied by an economic crisis and the movement of the radical students. After the adoption of the law on the liberalization of entry into universities in the country there has been taken a decision on the degree of PhD (Dottorato di ricerca, 382/80), embarked on the development of inclusive and innovative education. At the beginning of the 1990-s due to the instability in the economy and political circles, higher education has lagged behind Italy's most dynamic educational system: the UK, the USA, Germany, France and others. The country wallowed in corruption and political scandals that led to the collapse of the First Italian Republic (1948-1994), but the rich history of higher education and prestige of Italy on the international stage contributed to the development of international education programs and the signing of the Bologna Declaration in 1999.

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century. It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor.

The contribution of Omeljan Pritsak (7.04.1919-29.05.2006) to the development of Ukrainian studies abroad as an important factor in consolidating world Ukrainians' unification of the post-colonial period and the international recognition of Ukrainian science has been investigated. The underlying reasons that prompted the scientist to become a researcher of Ukrainian history and to create the "Harvard miracle" were found out. The names of the scholars as well as the teachers of O. Pritsak that have affected his formation as a universal scientist and a patriot who faced up to the role of science as a framework of culture and development of nation and state were submitted. The scientist's institutional arrangements in the area of building up scientific basis for the disciplines in Ukrainian studies were analyzed, in particular the relations regarding formation of the three departments of Ukrainian studies within the structure of Harvard University that are as follows: Ukrainian History, Ukrainian Linguistics and Ukrainian Literature. It was revealed the principles of organizing the scientific Ukrainian school of O. Pritsak at Harvard University and the conceptual underpinnings of its activity that allowed for the attainment of a world-class level of development of Ukrainian humanities and its international recognition. Attention is drawn to the practice of organizing scientific activities by Ukrainian foreign scientists as an important factor in preserving Ukrainian identity and consolidating world Ukrainians' unification. The role of O. Pritsak in overcoming the isolation of Ukrainian humanitarian fundamental science and its integration into the world cultural context is shown. It was described the personality of the scientist as a theorist and a practitioner of establishing a national identity, a real patriot and the state creator, the author of the model of academic Ukrainian science outside of Ukraine. The attempts which have been made to transfer the experience of organizing academic research activities in the diaspora to the territory of a mainland Ukraine following the proclamation of independence in 1991 are noted.

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century.It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor ; Статья посвящена анализу действующего Закона Украины «О применении трансплантации анатомических материалов человека» и исследованию реализации права реципиента на трансплантацию от умершего донора ; Проаналізовано чинний Закон України «Про застосування трансплантації анатомічних матеріалів людині» та питання реалізації права реципієнта на трансплантацію від померлого донора

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century.It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor ; Статья посвящена анализу действующего Закона Украины «О применении трансплантации анатомических материалов человека» и исследованию реализации права реципиента на трансплантацию от умершего донора ; Проаналізовано чинний Закон України «Про застосування трансплантації анатомічних матеріалів людині» та питання реалізації права реципієнта на трансплантацію від померлого донора

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century.It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor ; Статья посвящена анализу действующего Закона Украины «О применении трансплантации анатомических материалов человека» и исследованию реализации права реципиента на трансплантацию от умершего донора ; Проаналізовано чинний Закон України «Про застосування трансплантації анатомічних матеріалів людині» та питання реалізації права реципієнта на трансплантацію від померлого донора

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century.It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor ; Статья посвящена анализу действующего Закона Украины «О применении трансплантации анатомических материалов человека» и исследованию реализации права реципиента на трансплантацию от умершего донора ; Проаналізовано чинний Закон України «Про застосування трансплантації анатомічних матеріалів людині» та питання реалізації права реципієнта на трансплантацію від померлого донора

Organ transplantation is the miracle of the twenty-first century, the salvation and hope of humanity. Today, transplantology has become the standard of care for many diseases in developed countries. The social significance of donation and transplantation is determined by the life-saving function, the implementation of which requires proper legal regulation. Currently, the issue of transplantation in Ukraine is regulated, in particular, by the Law of Ukraine «On Application of Transplantation of human's Anatomical Materials», adopted in 2018. The explanatory note to the current Law was stated the need to amend the current legislation. It was due to the desire to ensure the implementation of the constitutional and natural human right to life and health. It was also noted that the successful experience of transplantation in the progressive countries of the world, the increase in the number of patients for whom organ transplants are the only way to save lives, prompt legislation in this area to be brought into line with the standards of our century.It was believed that Ukraine should take the issue of approach to organ transplantation by legislatively establishing the presumption of «opting (or contracting) out» to organ transplantation after the death of the donor However, according to the current Law of Ukraine "On applying the transplantation of anatomical materials to a person", every adult person has the right to give written consent or consent to the removal of anatomical materials from his body for transplantation and / or the production of bioimplants after determining his condition as a permanent death or biological death). That is, the presumption of «opting in» transplantation after the death is in Ukraine. The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the current Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to a person» and the study of the realization of the recipient's right to transplant from a deceased donor ; Статья посвящена анализу действующего Закона Украины «О применении трансплантации анатомических материалов человека» и исследованию реализации права реципиента на трансплантацию от умершего донора ; Проаналізовано чинний Закон України «Про застосування трансплантації анатомічних матеріалів людині» та питання реалізації права реципієнта на трансплантацію від померлого донора

Питання розвитку в Африці залишається одним з найважливіших питань з часів здобуття незалежності окремих держав континенту ще в 60-х роках минулого століття. Дослідженнями теоретичних поглядів на розвиток в регіоні займалася велика кількість авторів, які виділяють кілька теоретичних підходів до забезпечення процесу розвитку. Метою цієї роботи є формування розширеного огляду теоретичних підходів розвитку як бажаної фізичної реальності для африканських країн, що розвиваються. У роботі вказуються основні деталі досягнення розвитку за допомогою конкретних економічних політик, заснованих на теоретичних підходах і ідеологічних концепціях. Для кращого розуміння досліджуваної проблематики в роботі перш за все пояснюється термін і концепт розвитку. Далі слідують окремі теоретичні бачення розвитку як можливі й реалізовані економічні політики. ; The issue of development in Africa remains one of the most important issues of the individual states of the continent since the independence decade of 1960s. The study of theoretical perspectives on development in the region has been handled by a large number of authors who identify several theoretical approaches to development process. The purpose of this work is to form an expanded overview of theoretical approaches to development as a desirable physical reality for developing African countries. The main details of achievement of development by means of specific economic policies, based on the mentioned theoretical approaches and ideological concepts, are indicated in the work. Firstly, for a better understanding of the research problems, the term and concept of development is explained. There are some theoretical visions of development as possible and realized economic policies.The purpose of this work consists of forming an expanded overview of theoretical approaches to development as a desirable physical reality for African countries. The main details of achievement of development by means of specific economic policies, based on the mentioned theoretical approaches and ideological concepts, are indicated in the work. The search for a model of development and practical approaches to government for the African continent has not been completed and remains a major issue not only for regional scientific thinkers and ruling elites, but for the entire international community, which continues to look at Africa's "lion economies" as a region with great human and resource potential. Whether the countries of the region can repeat the fantastic path to the economic miracle of some Asian countries or remain in the process of finding the right formula for economic success remains a question, however, there is no doubt to state a long road of trial and error that should help to achieve the cherished goal of all African countries – development.

The study discusses the ways of textual representation of the cultural and mythological image of the hero in mass media texts, selected in British and Ukrainian periodicals and related to Brexit and elections in Ukraine. The work confirmed that media texts are audience-oriented and, therefore, they actively apply mythological elements to intensify their impact. One of the major mythological images is that of the hero who is designed to be a role-model for the masses and their behavior. The consideration of this image verbalization is topical for lingvo-cultural studies as well as for other related fields, e.g. sociolinguistics, social and political studies etc.The aim of this research was to consider the verbalization of the image of hero in British and Ukrainian media texts. To achieve this aim, it was necessary to fulfil the following tasks: to describe the main properties of media texts; identify the role of the image of the hero among other cultural and mythological images and motifs; specify the notion of the hero and semantically related notions; consider the selected British and Ukrainian mass media texts and analyze the verbalization of the above image therein.It was shown that the image of the hero functions in the media texts as a semantic element, tightly integrated and overlapping with eschatological motifs, including apocalyptic ones, as well as with the such mythological images as enemy, battle, war, salvation and miracle. The research involved the comparison of hero or heroine descriptions given in British and Ukrainian media texts. Word families and semantic fields, associated with the above images were analyzed. It was also noted that modern media texts often involve a combination of communication channels thus becoming multimedial, which was clearly demonstrated in the British textual sources. The prospects for further research were suggested.Key words: cultural hero, mythological image, enemy, media text, battle, eschatological motif. ; Робота містить лінгвокультурологічний аналіз способів омовлення міфологічного образу героя в медіатекстах, присвячених процесу Брекзиту й виборів в Україні. Підтверджено, що медіатексти орієнтовані впливати на аудиторію, а тому активно застосовують міфологічні елементи для посилення такого впливу. Виявлено, що образ героя функціонує в медіатекстах не відокремлено, а в тісному зв'язку з есхатологічними мотивами, зокрема Апокаліпсису, й образами ворога, битви, війни, спасіння й чуда. Здійснено порівняння характеристик образу героя в британських й українських текстах.Виявлено словотвірні гнізда й описано семантичні поля, асоційовані з відповідними образами.Ключові слова: культурний герой, міфологічний образ, ворог, медіатекст, битва, есхатологічний мотив.

Питання розвитку в Африці залишається одним з найважливіших питань з часів здобуття незалежності окремих держав континенту ще в 60-х роках минулого століття. Дослідженнями теоретичних поглядів на розвиток в регіоні займалася велика кількість авторів, які виділяють кілька теоретичних підходів до забезпечення процесу розвитку. Метою цієї роботи є формування розширеного огляду теоретичних підходів розвитку як бажаної фізичної реальності для африканських країн, що розвиваються. У роботі вказуються основні деталі досягнення розвитку за допомогою конкретних економічних політик, заснованих на теоретичних підходах і ідеологічних концепціях. Для кращого розуміння досліджуваної проблематики в роботі перш за все пояснюється термін і концепт розвитку. Далі слідують окремі теоретичні бачення розвитку як можливі й реалізовані економічні політики. ; The issue of development in Africa remains one of the most important issues of the individual states of the continent since the independence decade of 1960s. The study of theoretical perspectives on development in the region has been handled by a large number of authors who identify several theoretical approaches to development process. The purpose of this work is to form an expanded overview of theoretical approaches to development as a desirable physical reality for developing African countries. The main details of achievement of development by means of specific economic policies, based on the mentioned theoretical approaches and ideological concepts, are indicated in the work. Firstly, for a better understanding of the research problems, the term and concept of development is explained. There are some theoretical visions of development as possible and realized economic policies.The purpose of this work consists of forming an expanded overview of theoretical approaches to development as a desirable physical reality for African countries. The main details of achievement of development by means of specific economic policies, based on the mentioned theoretical approaches and ideological concepts, are indicated in the work. The search for a model of development and practical approaches to government for the African continent has not been completed and remains a major issue not only for regional scientific thinkers and ruling elites, but for the entire international community, which continues to look at Africa's "lion economies" as a region with great human and resource potential. Whether the countries of the region can repeat the fantastic path to the economic miracle of some Asian countries or remain in the process of finding the right formula for economic success remains a question, however, there is no doubt to state a long road of trial and error that should help to achieve the cherished goal of all African countries – development.

The largest war of modern times continues in Syria since 2011. Several quasi-states with different political status control its territory; as a result Syria ceased to exist as a unified state.The purpose of paper is to consider the process of the transformation of state to quasi-state onthe experience of contemporary Syria. The subject of research is a functional incapacity causingemergence a quasi-state. The article is based on the studies in the area of quasi-states, undertaken by experts in the field of political science, peace and security studies, modern history, as well as international legal documents and media reports on Syrian problem.The functional incapacity of Syrian regime was the prime internal factor, which facilitated the escalation of civil war in 2011, transformation of Syria into a quasi-state as well as development 104 of new quasi-states (ISIS, Rojava, political wing of Syrian opposition). A quasi state is a political entity, which presents itself as a state, but is not one in fact. A state, having suffered functional incapacity for a long time, becomes shiftless in crisis time, like Arab spring. In the case of Syria this led to civil war and partial collapse of the state. The main mistakes made by Assad regime in 2011 spring was inability to preserve the government's monopoly on violence, unwillingness to launch political reforms and tolerating internationalization of the conflict caused by weakness of Syrian authorities. Therefore, Syria consistently transformed into a quasi-state during 2011-2015. This process slowed down only after Russian intervention into war in October 2015, following which Assad forces improved their positions.Japanese and German economic miracles after WWII demonstrate that functional incapacity can be overcome by systematical program of reforms. If one or several of contemporary quasistates in Syria managed to win their functional incapacity, it would become legal successors of ante-bellum Syria either domestically or externally. This will manifest the transformation of Syria from a quasi-state back to a state. ; Функциональная недееспособность – это характеристика политического института, которая свидетельствует о том, что он неудовлетворительно выполняет возложенные на него задачи. Наличие такого признака у государства в течение длительного времени превращает его в квазигосударство – политическое образование, позиционирующее себя как государство, но на самом деле им не являющееся.Именно функциональная недееспособность стала главной внутренней причиной превращения Сирии в квазигосударство в течение гражданской войны, которая продолжается с 2011 года доныне. Правительство Сирии во главе с Б. Асадом допустило ряд ошибок, приведших к эскалации конфликта, большим человеческим жертвам и фактическому распаду страны на несколько квазигосударств. Преодоление функциональной недееспособности государственных институтов является необходимым условием для прекращения войны и вывода Сирии из разряда квазигосударств. ; Функціональна недієздатність як чинник перетворення держави на квазідержаву (на прикладі Сирії). Функціональна недієздатність – це характеристика політичного інституту, яка свідчить, що він незадовільно виконує покладені на нього завдання. Наявність такої ознаки у держави впродовж тривалого часу перетворює її на квазідержаву – політичне утворення, що позиціонує себе як державу, але насправді нею не є.Саме функціональна недієздатність стала головною внутрішньою причиною перетворення Сирії на квазідержаву впродовж громадянської війни, яка триває з 2011 року дотепер. Уряд Сирії на чолі з Б. Асадом допустив низку помилок, які призвели до ескалації конфлікту, великих людських жертв та фактичного розпаду країни на низку квазідержав. Подолання функціональної недієздатності державних інститутів є необхідною передумовою для припинення війни та виведення Сирії з розряду квазідержав.