Suchergebnisse

Indians in Malaysia : A Diverse and "Quiet Minority" in an Illiberal Polity -- Theorising Politico-Legal Mobilisation of Minority Groups in Illiberal Polities : The Role of the Law in Constituting Identities and Grievances -- Race : Indian Identity, Grievances and "Rights" in Colonial Malaya (1890 -- 1956) -- The Quiet Minority : Indians and Legal Repression in an Illiberal Democratic Malaysia (1957-1989) -- The Unquiet Minority : Legal Mobilisation of Indians in Illiberal Malaysia (1990-2018).

In many European countries, a growing share of population with immigrant background coincides with the surge in support for radical right parties. In this paper we show how such increases affect radical right candidacy. We use Swedish register data which identifies political candidates. With geocoded data, we match individuals running for the Sweden Democrats to their local neighbourhood contexts, and measure changes in the share of visible minority residents at scales ranging from 100 meters to 2 kilometres. For those who stayed in the same neighbourhood between 2006 and 2010, the change in the share of visible minorities generally does not affect the decision to join the pool of party candidates. This result is robust when we introduce additional tests and select on the scale of the neighbourhood, unemployment terciles, change in share of visible minority groups terciles, and entry threshold into the pool of candidates. For those who stayed in the same neighbourhood, the only significant finding is a small mobilisation effect for a subsample of individuals who live in densely populated metropolitan neighbourhoods - here we also observe a halo effect, with negative association for small-scale changes and positive association for changes in the larger halo zone. ; Funding Agencies|Forte - Forskningsradet for halsa, arbetsliv och valfard [2015-01200]

This article analyses how linguistic minorities in the province of Bihar navigated the era of linguistic territorialism, when mainstream political organisations and figures within India largely agreed that specific linguistic communities 'belonged' in particular regions. Indian scholarship has tended to focus on the mechanisms that brought about the linguistic reorganisation of states in India, therefore, concentrating largely on the ways in which territory and language became intrinsically connected. This article will examine the link of language and belonging with regard to a 'community', which demanded that states remain linguistically and culturally heterogenous. It focuses on the section of Biharis that identified Bengali as their 'mother-tongue' and tracks the transformation of Bengali politics within the province/state during the transition from colonial rule to independence. It explores the ways in which narratives of historical Bengali settlement were deployed for different reasons across this period, and argues that Bengalis in Bihar conceptualised the ordering of the Indian nation in a way that was inherently different from mainstream understandings of how the country should be ordered during this period. Bengali-Bihari figures and publications deployed rhetoric that attached much greater value to territorial belonging than to linguistic or cultural belonging. This article demonstrates that contrary to common assumptions, there were large groups of people who conceptualised India not just as a linguistically heterogenous nation, but one that consisted of linguistically heterogenous states that protected minority linguistic communities.

This paper offers a discussion in behavioural terms of legal practice in its widest sense. It presents a framework for assessing how the law is mobilised by the legal customer. This mobilisation includes the entire social process, from problem identification in legal terms (termed 'framing') to the consultation of lawyers and the use of the courts. It is demonstrated that mobilisation in this sense is a much more common social process than litigation and that between the two extremes of litigation and 'framing' there exists a substantial 'funneling' process. An assessment of the social aspects of this process is given, and some comparative results for Germany, in the context of a theory of litigation, are presented.

Ethnic minority means a group of people with different ethnic backgrounds as opposed to the majority of the population living in a state. There are national minorities in every country of the world, but not in every country they are recognized by their legal status, fundamental rights, representation in institutions, use of language and national symbols, etc. International law obliges states to "respect" the individual rights of minorities to participate effectively in public life, including matters relating to the identity of minorities at the national and local levels in the decision-making process. The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in the Council of Europe requires states to "create" the necessary conditions for such participation. The International Convention against Ethnic and Racial Discrimination requires that "equal access to public services" not be denied or denied on ethnic or racial grounds. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) grants the right of every citizen to be elected without discrimination, while respecting the free expression of the will of the electorate. Various constitutions provide numerous, sometimes innovative, measures to create channels for the participation of minority groups, but often minorities have to appeal in court to gain or defend their rights. In general, the right to political participation, the right to vote and to be represented in Parliament is considered important indicators in the category of effective participation in the collective sphere, because these are categories where the specific demands of communities are in conflict with the democratic principle of majority governance.