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Role of civil society and government in managing zakah can be conducted by coordinatively and actively. The role of goverment as giving political legitimation and data sourcer in developing zakah while the institution of zakah organizer of civil society acts as excecutive in collecting and managing zakah. The relationship of both is conducted sinergictly and has direct access each other coordinatively or controlly.In practice, civil society is shaped in vertical and horizontal coordination, in which vertical coordination is held by holding company in controlling the processes of collecting and distributing zakah at organizations that responsible for doing that. On the other hand, horizontal coordination is aimed to create a cooperation among institutions. Such model of cooperation reflects an active involvement of civil society, and could strengthen the function of civil society and government.

Our human evolution and cultural variability is manifest and realized through our bodies. From an evolutionary perspective we are the tool wielding, hairless, 'naked ape' who developed clothing as an adaptive device enabling us colonize the whole globe from our African origins. From a cultural perspective our bodies are decorated and clothed to communicate signs and properties: of gender, age, sexual attractiveness, status, and wealth. Of all the species, humans have made their bodies as a result of evolutionary processes, cultural decisions, and applied techniques. Both 'naked' and even more so 'the nude' are specifically human cultural constructs. Strictly speaking, other animals are neither naked', and even less so 'nude' – only humans are. And within our western Judeo-Christian tradition (though not for the Greeks) 'naked' is something 'minus'; 'nude' is something 'plus' – which helps explain why the Renaissance, which drew upon ancient Greco-Roman models, re-discovered the nude attaching the definitive article 'the' to the condition of nakedness and thus re-creating 'the nude' as an object of aesthetic contemplation. In so doing, a long-standing tension was initiated with the guardians of morality, the holders of ecclesiastical and political power, and the displayed representation of the naked body became both a vehicle through which, and a territory over which, socio-political and ideological battles were fought – indeed over the 'nature' of human beings and of what is 'proper to' humans. If nakedness is culturally variable; 'the nude' is a culturally specific aesthetic construct. ; N/A

In order to improve the quality of public services, governments around the world try to search new arrangment in delivering public service for its peole. Conceptually and practically, there a lot of new public service arrangements that have implemented by government around the world, including in Indonesia.The main characteristic of the model of public service arrangments is that greater involvement of private sector and community in delivering public services. It assummes that government can not do by him self in delivering public services, so to improve efficiency of the public service, private sector and community should be involved. However, in implementing new model of public service arrangements, it is suggested that there are some key factors should be considered by government such as the capacity of government and private and community itself as a partner in delivering public service.

Role of civil society and government in managing zakah can be conductedby coordinatively and actively. The role of goverment as giving politicallegitimation and data sourcer in developing zakah while the institution ofzakah organizer of civil society acts as excecutive in collecting and managingzakah. The relationship of both is conducted sinergictly and has direct accesseach other coordinatively or controlly.In practice, civil society is shaped invertical and horizontal coordination, in which vertical coordination is heldby holding company in controlling the processes of collecting and distributingzakah at organizations that responsible for doing that. On the other hand,horizontal coordination is aimed to create a cooperation among institutions.Such model of cooperation reflects an active involvement of civil society, andcould strengthen the function of civil society and government.Kata kunci: Model Pengelolaan Zakat, Dunia Muslim

Role of civil society and government in managing zakah can be conductedby coordinatively and actively. The role of goverment as giving politicallegitimation and data sourcer in developing zakah while the institution ofzakah organizer of civil society acts as excecutive in collecting and managingzakah. The relationship of both is conducted sinergictly and has direct accesseach other coordinatively or controlly.In practice, civil society is shaped invertical and horizontal coordination, in which vertical coordination is heldby holding company in controlling the processes of collecting and distributingzakah at organizations that responsible for doing that. On the other hand,horizontal coordination is aimed to create a cooperation among institutions.Such model of cooperation reflects an active involvement of civil society, andcould strengthen the function of civil society and government.Kata kunci: Model Pengelolaan Zakat, Dunia Muslim

Many kinds of data in the social sciences have a hierarchical, multilevel or clustered structure. For example, municipalities are grouped into regions; regions are formed within countries; and quite often, countries belong to supra-national organizations. Once groupings are established, they will tend to become differentiated, and this differentiation implies that the group and its members both influence and are influenced by group membership. To ignore this relationship is to risk overlooking the importance of group effects and it may also render invalid many of the traditional statistical analysis techniques used for studying data relationships. In this paper, we specify a basic two-level model for a conditional beta-convergence model of a sample of European NUTS-2 regions. Specifically, we test for the role of regional decentralization (country-level variable) on regional income growth, since it has been suggested that countries with a governmental form of regional decentralization foster innovation and economic growth. ; This work has been carried out with the financial support of the Instituto L.R. Klein-CentroGauss (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain) and the Project CCG08- UAM/HUM-4173 (Consejería de Educación, Comunidad de Madrid). Coro Chasco also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science SEJ2006- 02328/ECON.

The complexity of models for the simulation of physical systems is steadily increasing. This makes the effective validation of models for different design aspects crucial. One of the many important aspects is the structural correctness and the behavior due to design parameters which are of particular concern for the modeling of wind turbines. This article presents a design and implementation of a role-based validation framework. The framework allows for the creation of validation rules for different design aspects. This is done by role models that are used to define restrictions for an aspect by roles and rules. Multiple role models can be combined to cover all design features during model development. Restrictions on how models can interact with each other can be defined, which broadens language-specific restriction capabilities. The resulting rules can then be tested on arbitrary models based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework, for which mapping between elements of the role model and elements of the validated modeling language must be provided. In the domain of wind turbines, this approach is evaluated by application to two kinds of modeling languages (Modelica and UML2). Role models and rules have shown to be easily described with the frameworks role model language and role model definitions are successfully re-used by the definition of mappings for both kinds of modeling languages. ; Funding Agencies|Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany; ELLIIT project; Swedish Strategic Research Foundation in the EDOp projects; Vinnova in the RTSIM project; Vinnova in the ITEA2 MODRIO project

Previous editions by Committee on municipal program. ; "Second printing." ; Introduction signed: Committee on style and draft, Arnold Frye, chairman. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The significance of Frisch's notion of decision models is, in the first place, that they draw full attention upon "inverted problems" which economic policy puts before us. In these problems the data are no longer those in the traditional economic problems, but partly the political goals of economic policy such as a certain volume of employment, equilibrium in the balance of payments, a certain standard of life, etc. Unknowns, on the other hand, are a number of political parameters such as tax tariffs of different types or the exchange rate.

Software assets are key output of the RAGE project and they can be used by applied game developers to enhance the pedagogical and educational value of their games. These software assets cover a broad spectrum of functionalities – from player analytics including emotion detection to intelligent adaptation and social gamification. In order to facilitate integration and interoperability, all of these assets adhere to a common model, which describes their properties through a set of metadata. In this paper the RAGE asset model and asset metadata model is presented, capturing the detail of assets and their potential usage within three distinct dimensions – technological, gaming and pedagogical. The paper highlights key issues and challenges in constructing the RAGE asset and asset metadata model and details the process and design of a flexible metadata editor that facilitates both adaptation and improvement of the asset metadata model. ; This study is part of the RAGE project. The RAGE project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644187. This publication reflects only the author's view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber yang membahas model Pembelajaran vokasional di SMK. Studi literatur ini meneliti model pembelajaran vokasional di SMK dikaitkan dengan 4Cs. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya analisis model pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan pembelajaran berdasarkan kompetensi dasar yang diajarkan. Selain itu, TeFa yang digalakan oleh pemerintah mengahadapi berbagai tantangan sehingga dibutuhkan solusinya. Penelitian berikutnya yang menarik untuk dikembangkan sebagai riset adalah keefektifan masing-masing model pembelajaran yang sudah disesuaikan dengan 4Cs. Selain itu, model pembelajaran vokasional perlu diintegrasikan dengan model pembelajaran vokasional lainnya. This research is a literature study from various sources that discuss vocational learning models in vocational high schools. This literature study examines the vocational learning model in SMK associated with 4Cs. The results of the study show that the importance of analyzing learning models that are adjusted to the learning objectives based on the basic competencies taught. In addition, TeFa which is promoted by the government faces various challenges so a solution is needed. The next research that is interesting to be developed as research is the effectiveness of each learning model that has been adapted to 4Cs. In addition, vocational learning models need to be integrated with other vocational learning models.

IN ENGLISH: Due to the concern that achieving human wellbeing through material development is "costing the Earth," mental model was developed to show in a single image the aspiration of social foundations of development to be achieved and biospheric boundaries not to be crossed. Anthromes analysis, combined with the cultural imperative of maintenance of global sustainability through coordinated transformation of social metabolism and its environmental impact, makes nation states the immediately available units of sustainability modeling. In this century humans must meet their needs equitably within the biophysical means of the planet. A downscaling of planetary boundaries and social wellbeing foundations (thresholds) to national level through calculations of the impacts and attainments of nation states'socioeconomic activities makes the doughnut model a conceptual tool bringing sustainability closer to political a and organizational impact. To visualize the scale and the possible pathways for the transformation of national and global sociometabolic practices in the 21st century within the "degrowth doughnut" includes the boundaries and thresholds in three domains: cultural, socioeconomic, and biophysical. This way it aims to avoid the conceptually paralyzing trade-off between exclusively biophysical boundaries and exclusively social thresholds of the other doughnut models. Understanding that excesses and shortfalls of current and foreseeable socio-metabolic practices exist in cultural, socioeconomic, and biophysical aspects of nations'social metabolism allows us to build on nations'sustainability potentials. The aim of the model and its visual tool is to inform their populations about the direction and scale of the change strategies that they could adopt to contribute to the global effort of maintaining the planetary population within the safe and just operating space of the doughnut under known advantages and constraints of the 21st century. --- IN CROATIAN: Uslijed zabrinutosti da postizanje dobrobiti ljudi kroz materijalni razvoj "skupo košta Zemlju", razvijen je mentalni model čija je svrha u jednoj slici prikazati težnju za postizanjem društvenih temelja razvoja koje treba doseći te granica biosfere koje ne treba prijeći. Analiza antropogenih bioma (anthromes), u kombinaciji s kulturnim imperativom održavanja globalne održivosti kroz koordiniranu transformaciju društvenog metabolizma i njegova utjecaja na okoliš, čini nacionalne države neposredno dostupnim jedinicama modeliranja održivosti. U ovome stoljeću ljudski rod mora ispunjavati svoje potrebe u skladu s biofizičkim resursima planeta. Snižavanje granica planeta i temelja društvene dobrobiti (graničnih vrijednosti) na nacionalnu razinu kroz izračune utjecaja i dostignuća socioekonomskih aktivnosti nacionalnih država čini model krafne konceptualnim instrumentom koji održivost približava političkom i organizacijskom utjecaju. Radi predočavanja opsega i mogućih puteva transformacije nacionalnih i globalnih društvenometaboličkih praksi 21. stoljeća unutar "krafne odrasta" uključene su granice i granične vrijednosti u tri domene: kulturnoj, socioekonomskoj i biofizičkoj. Tako se nastoji izbjeći konceptualno paralizirajući kompromis između isključivo biofizičkih granica i isključivo društvenih graničnih vrijednosti drugih modela krafne. Shvaćajući da višak i manjak sadašnjih i predviđenih društvenometaboličkih praksi postoji u kulturnim, socioekonomskim i biofizičkim aspektima društvenog metabolizma nacionalnih država upućuje nas na razmatranje potencijala održivosti nacionalnih država. Svrha modela i njegova vizualnog prikaza je informirati populacije tih država o smjeru i opsegu strategija promjene koje bi mogle usvojiti s ciljem doprinosa globalnom naporu u očuvanju populacije planeta unutar sigurnog i pravednog prostora djelovanja modela krafne u uvjetima poznatih prednosti i ograničenja 21. stoljeća.

Nowadays the most widespread tool of government is strategic planning, which is used by most developed countries. Most of Ukrainian regions use the social-economic strategies of the development. Previous researches showed that using of Balanced Scorecard helps to implement regional's strategies. The region is considered as a dynamic system, all the main components of which are constantly changing. So the system dynamic models should help to track the impact of management on the state of the region. Analysis of recent research showed that using existing models with the Balanced Scorecard is impossible because of model's redundancy. That is why there is a need to construct the regional system-dynamic model that can be used with Balanced Scorecard of region. The purpose of article is the development of mental model needed to build regional system-dynamic model. The methodology of system dynamics includes qualitative and quantitative phases. The qualitative stage defines and describes the relationships between regional subsystems. The quantitative stage conducts the simulation and verification of model. So the development of system-dynamic model is impossible without creating a mental model that represents the existing knowledge on the structure and communications of subsystems. The fig.1 of the article describes the established mental model. A complex systems are built by elements, that interact each other through a feedback loops. The fig.2 of the article describes the feedback loops. The combination of positive and negative feedbacks determines the behavior of the system as a whole. As it seen on fig.2 the most of feedbacks are balancing loops, this indicates the non-linearity of complex system. The non-linearity of complex systems is not only because of mathematical models containing nonlinear equation or inequality, but the changes in the system, that is not sequential from one state to another. The obtained knowledge is needed for computer simulation.

Corporate social responsibility is contra-service of company to its environment and society since company already has gains from them. There are various models of Corporate Social Responsibility carried out by the companies in Indonesia. They can involve directly to perform the events of responsibility through third party. They can also make a cooperation with another party or join to another party. They can give contributions to the people and their environment directly by increasing their quality of life. But they have to obey the rules and regulations set by government for their sustainability. The different types of social responsibility programs need different treatments of their taxation.

Corporate social responsibility is contm-service of company to its environment and society since company already has gains from them. There are various models of corporate social responsibility carried alit by the companies in Indonesia. They can involve directly to pelform the events of responsibility or through third party. They can also make a cooperation with another par(y or join to another party. They can give contributions to the people and their er. vironment directly by increasing their quality of life. But, they have to obey the rules and regulations set by government for their sustainability. The different types of s;)cial re5ponsibility programs need different treatments of their taxation.