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"Modernization Theory" published on by Oxford University Press.

Background. Theory of Modernization is the most important innovation in Social Sciences in the late 50 years. But in spite of numerous versions of this theory all of them lack showing technology of the process. Thus it's extremely urgent to demonstrate links between different spheres of society and stages of the modernization process. Materials and methods. The research was based upon the logic of the historical process and statistics. Knowledge about the dynamics of the Industrial Revolution was substantiated by the understanding of the moving forces of modernization. Results. It is claimed that mechanization was followed the Communication Revolution, the Finance and Banking Revolution. Social and geographic mobility was intensified. Simultaneously modernization of the state mechanism led to strengthening of the political life, formation of the civil society and modernization of the law. Creation of the Legal State based upon strict observance of the law was a final step in the whole process. Conclusions. Discovering of the modernization mechanism is the key element in the modernization theory. In future it will permit to formulate the peculiarities (or models) of the modernization based upon some of its common features.

"Modernity and Modernization" published on by Oxford University Press.

It is contended that various aspects of modernization processes encourage political corruption. Three characteristics of modernizing societies that breed corruption are identified: modifications in a society's fundamental values; the emergence of novel forms of wealth & power that have no relationship with traditional social norms; & changes in political decision making. It is asserted that political corruption can be reduced by coinciding social norms with appropriate behavior for public officials. Similarities between the causes of political corruption & violence are then identified. Although the scale of corruption increases as a given official's bureaucratic status increases in most societies, the frequency of corrupt actions varies greatly across societies. Examples of societies in which either low-level or high-ranking officials are more corrupt than their counterparts are presented. It is asserted that political corruption can facilitate both political & economic development in modernizing nations. Corruption seems most prevalent in nations that lack effective political parties or permit individual or group interests to dominate. J. W. Parker

It is contended that various aspects of modernization processes encourage political corruption. Three characteristics of modernizing societies that breed corruption are identified: modifications in a society's fundamental values; the emergence of novel forms of wealth & power that have no relationship with traditional social norms; & changes in political decision making. It is asserted that political corruption can be reduced by coinciding social norms with appropriate behavior for public officials. Similarities between the causes of political corruption & violence are then identified. Although the scale of corruption increases as a given official's bureaucratic status increases in most societies, the frequency of corrupt actions varies greatly across societies. Examples of societies in which either low-level or high-ranking officials are more corrupt than their counterparts are presented. It is asserted that political corruption can facilitate both political & economic development in modernizing nations. Corruption seems most prevalent in nations that lack effective political parties or permit individual or group interests to dominate. J. W. Parker