Suchergebnisse

¿ Pueden las organizaciones religiosas tradicionales adaptarse con éxito a la modernización social ? ¿ Son compatibles la organización eclesiastica de las Iglesias cristianas y la modernización ? El entendimiento de la modernidad y de la secularización se encuentra en parte en las respuestas a estas preguntas. En este sentido, el análisis de la situación religiosa en Italia es interesante. El autor propone un esquema comparativo entre la situación religiosa del norte del país (mas desarrollado) y del sur (menos desarrollado), y muestra que la situación presente parece más como el resultado de una estrategia de modernización religiosa que como una herencia de una situación premoderna. Si bien no es posible imaginar una modernización sin secularización, sin embargo es necesario de no considerar la relación entre secularización y crisis de la religión como directa y unívoca.

Economy, Administration and Politics : The Three Dimensions of Modernization. The notion of State modernization (in the developing countries in particular) has evolved in three stages over the last forty years. Efforts made by international organizations to modernize public administration in developing countries have not been any more successful than the economic modernization measures contained in structural adjustment programs. As a result, international organizations are stressing the need to move on to a third phase : political modernization.

Administrative Modernization in Germany : Old Wine in New Bottles.
The issue of public sector modernization appeared on the scene in Germany in 1991. Before that, Germany had undergone two major reform programs, between 1965 and 1975, and after reunification. Three major objectives were attributed to the modernization program : to limit the scope of public activity, to reduce personnel costs, and to proceed with structural reforms. The main goal essentially being to reduce spending, questions relative to public service ethics are therefore not addressed. This tends to demonstrate that long-term effects of this type of modernization have not been taken into consideration, hence the necessity to improve these reforms might arise in the coming years.

Contracts as Means for Modernization. Management agreements as elements of reponsabilization are very essential tools for modernization. This should become a general formula not only throughout all public enterprises but in all State regalian services.

Modernizing the Judicial System.
The modernization plan of the Ministry of Justice is based on five pivotal points : consolidating staff responsibilities, developing concertation with trade-union organizations, a training policy, improving public relations and access to courts, and upgrading the jobs and working conditions of legal personnel. Created in 1988, the Modernization Commission plays a very important role in carrying out these objectives, handling information on all of these innovative practices, above all, by providing financial support for some modernization measures.

The Experience of the Ministry of Works : Reform of the Periodic Staff Report System as Part of a Policy of Modernization.
As part of its modernization programme, wich includes a full-fledged corporate plan, the Works Department is developing a policy for the modernization of its human resources management. Since the success of this programme hinges on the allocation of much greater responsibility to officiais, the Ministry of Works has set to overhaul its periodic staff report System for Grade A officials with a view to making it into a management tool at the service of a policy of modernization and optimization of human resources. The new System is based on the assessment interview and enables the results achieved to be appraised each year against the yardstick of fixed objectives.