Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the process of modernization of Lithuanian public sector in the aspect of development of management of electronic documents. In order to ascertain the reasons why institutions of the Lithuanian public sector still hesitatingly move to means of management and administration of electronic documents and to identify the possibilities and trends of development of management of electronic documents in public sector, we carried out the analysis and structuring of scientific publications by Lithuanian and foreign authors, also of published research results, the Republic of Lithuania legislation, strategic plans, reports, international standards, European Union directives, online sources. We also did a qualitative empirical study in institutions of Šiauliai city state administration and local self-government. The research carried out by the authors has shown that current system of management of electronic documents and exchange of information by electronic means in Lithuanian public sector in laws and in theoretical insight is clearly different from the implementation of practical solutions. Therefore, in order for Lithuanian public administration system to be in line with the European levels of public administration by the year 2010, more attention should be paid to the rapid deployment of systems of information exchange by electronic means, to transferring of documents to electronic carriers and to strategic development of electronic documents.

The article deals with the process of modernization of Lithuanian public sector in the aspect of development of management of electronic documents. In order to ascertain the reasons why institutions of the Lithuanian public sector still hesitatingly move to means of management and administration of electronic documents and to identify the possibilities and trends of development of management of electronic documents in public sector, we carried out the analysis and structuring of scientific publications by Lithuanian and foreign authors, also of published research results, the Republic of Lithuania legislation, strategic plans, reports, international standards, European Union directives, online sources. We also did a qualitative empirical study in institutions of Šiauliai city state administration and local self-government. The research carried out by the authors has shown that current system of management of electronic documents and exchange of information by electronic means in Lithuanian public sector in laws and in theoretical insight is clearly different from the implementation of practical solutions. Therefore, in order for Lithuanian public administration system to be in line with the European levels of public administration by the year 2010, more attention should be paid to the rapid deployment of systems of information exchange by electronic means, to transferring of documents to electronic carriers and to strategic development of electronic documents.

The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes. ; Teoriniai-metodologiniai viešojo valdymo analizės, šiuolaikinių modernaus valdymo kaitos, reformų ir pokyčių globaliame pasaulyje tyrimai yra itin svarbūs šiuolaikinių politinių, administracinių, socialinių procesų sąveikos ir ryšių tarp jų, integracinių procesų pažinimo, interpretavimo kontekste, kai atsiranda naujos ryšių ir sąveikos tarp valstybės ir visuomenės valdymo institucijų ir piliečių formos. Visa tai yra globalaus valdymo institucinių struktūrų, jų dinamikos, veiklos valdymo praktikos tobulinimo esminės indikacijos, nuo kurių priklauso naujojo viešojo valdymo vystymosi tendencijos, modernizavimo iššūkiai ir naujų, pažangesnių ir inovatyvesnių valdymo formų įsitvirtinimas, rengiant ir įgyvendinant valstybės strategines nuostatas ir kryptis, įvairių lygių viešąsias programas, sujungiant visų valstybės sektorių, valdymo formų, struktūrinių darinių išteklių galimybes. Daugiausia dėmesio straipsnyje skiriama modernaus viešojo valdymo reformų sampratos, jų klasifikavimo pagal įvairius indikatorius, vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos faktorių poveikio, reformų procesų sėkmės prielaidų, trukdžių identifikavimui, viešojo valdymo reformų tendencijų prognostiniam eksplanavimui.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

The article deals with the political and spiritual characteristics of Kristijonas Donelaitis' epoch that affected the formation of the pioneer of the Lithuanian secular literature and made an impact on the content of his literary works. The significance of the political and spiritual reforms for the preservation of the language and culture of Prussian Lithuanians via the church and school is highlighted; attention is drawn to the fact the the modernization of the state had a positive effect on the linguistic and educational situation of ethnic minorities due to which the intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch paid attention to the cultural and linguistic situation of the ethnic group of Lithuanians.

The article deals with the political and spiritual characteristics of Kristijonas Donelaitis' epoch that affected the formation of the pioneer of the Lithuanian secular literature and made an impact on the content of his literary works. The significance of the political and spiritual reforms for the preservation of the language and culture of Prussian Lithuanians via the church and school is highlighted; attention is drawn to the fact the the modernization of the state had a positive effect on the linguistic and educational situation of ethnic minorities due to which the intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch paid attention to the cultural and linguistic situation of the ethnic group of Lithuanians.

Competition law in the European Union has a central role to play. Without legal provisions in the EC Treaty aimed to guarantee undistorted competition law it would be impossible to ensure the process of market integration. The present article is devoted to the review of the new regime in the EC competition law system that was established after Regulation 1/2003 came into force on May 1st 2004. This Regulation is often presented as a tool for a modernization of European Community law. It provides new powers for the European Commission in enforcement of the competition law, describes cooperation of the national competition authorities and European Commission and also allows national courts to apply para 3 of Article 81 directly in national court proceedings. One of the main basic novelties brought by this Regulation is decentralization of enforcement of the EC competition law. Regulation abolished notification and Commission's monopoly of application over Article 81 para 3. Indeed the issue concerning new competition regime has raised many discussions between the lawyers and scholars. Generally officials from the European Commission who drafted this Regulation submit that it is a really big step towards enforcing competition law. However, independent scholars raise many critical comments in relation to the Regulation. There is no attempt to claim in this article that Regulation 1/2003 does not bring any modernization, nonetheless this article is concentrated on critical review of the Regulation and on showing of week sides of new competition regime. This article is comprised of three parts. In first part of the article some attention is paid to the analysis of competition regime, which existed for forty years and was created by Regulation 17/62.

Competition law in the European Union has a central role to play. Without legal provisions in the EC Treaty aimed to guarantee undistorted competition law it would be impossible to ensure the process of market integration. The present article is devoted to the review of the new regime in the EC competition law system that was established after Regulation 1/2003 came into force on May 1st 2004. This Regulation is often presented as a tool for a modernization of European Community law. It provides new powers for the European Commission in enforcement of the competition law, describes cooperation of the national competition authorities and European Commission and also allows national courts to apply para 3 of Article 81 directly in national court proceedings. One of the main basic novelties brought by this Regulation is decentralization of enforcement of the EC competition law. Regulation abolished notification and Commission's monopoly of application over Article 81 para 3. Indeed the issue concerning new competition regime has raised many discussions between the lawyers and scholars. Generally officials from the European Commission who drafted this Regulation submit that it is a really big step towards enforcing competition law. However, independent scholars raise many critical comments in relation to the Regulation. There is no attempt to claim in this article that Regulation 1/2003 does not bring any modernization, nonetheless this article is concentrated on critical review of the Regulation and on showing of week sides of new competition regime. This article is comprised of three parts. In first part of the article some attention is paid to the analysis of competition regime, which existed for forty years and was created by Regulation 17/62.

The building renewal is being discussed in the scope of the "passive house" idea. The world's different cultures have different views on their application modernization. This leads to a number of quantitative and qualitative factors that are examined and analyzed in the paper. According to surveys reflecting the World Values the overview of theimportance of the expression and survival values are discussed inregard to the importance of "passive house". European Union performed the relative shift from survival to the self-expression values of the process in the analysis, testing and construction of residential buildings maintenance costs in four countries: Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. According the survey the costs of Lithuanian housing and building maintenance help the development of the "passive house" concept.

The building renewal is being discussed in the scope of the "passive house" idea. The world's different cultures have different views on their application modernization. This leads to a number of quantitative and qualitative factors that are examined and analyzed in the paper. According to surveys reflecting the World Values the overview of theimportance of the expression and survival values are discussed inregard to the importance of "passive house". European Union performed the relative shift from survival to the self-expression values of the process in the analysis, testing and construction of residential buildings maintenance costs in four countries: Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. According the survey the costs of Lithuanian housing and building maintenance help the development of the "passive house" concept.

This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.

This paper analyzes the impact of technological evolution to the transformation of Chinese military doctrine. According to a widely accepted opinion, the modernization process of military system is best implemented by using the principle of "learning by doing" or "learning by fighting". However, China's case is different and unique because China learns from other countries' wars and is executing military modernization during peace time. The lack of direct military experience forms a thinking according to which China is most likely executing a full copying process of foreign militaries' management, integration of military theory and adaptation of technologies. Nevertheless, the research based on the analysis model of qualitative case studies has justified the main statement which tells that the lessons from other, foreign wars create a distinctive and unique model of Chinese military doctrinal changes. After implementing a chronological analysis of Chinese military doctrines' development and a practical analysis of two military conflicts (the first Persian Gulf War 1990, Kosovo War 1999), it can be stated that the process of technological evolution is really visible in the tranformation of China's military doctrine. While the technological evolution really changed some important aspects of Chinese military thinking, however China did not execute a full copying process of foreign militaries. PLA (People's Liberation Army) tried to overtake, understand and integrate the most suitable practices and technologies which would operate in the cooperation system of modern warfare and traditional Chinese military mind. What is more, the analysis carried out in this paper has uncovered different areas of technological influence. Some of these areas are transformation of operational doctrine; technocratic culture broadening inside the PLA structure; innovation process of specific military weaponry; technological influence on the changes of geopolitical situation. The analytical research of all these processes proved that China gradually created a distinctive and unique model of doctrinal changes.