Suchergebnisse

In 1911, Josip Mantuani attended a joint meeting for monument protection and Heimatschutz (homeland protection) in Salzburg, which he covered extensively in the Slovenec newspaper. Even though his practice as a member of the Monument Council and director of the Provincial Museum undoubtedly centred on the protection of historical monuments, he was also well acquainted with Heimatschutz. This is clearly shown in his text "Domovinsko varstvo" (Heimatschutz), which he published in the scientific journal Čas in 1914. The two aforementioned texts, along with his five-instalment feuilleton on the modern principles of monument protection, which he published in the Slovenec newspaper in late 1909, provide a good insight into Mantuani's understanding of the mutual relationship between monument protection and Heimatschutz. In all three texts one can clearly discern that Mantuani distinguished between monuments that were still rooted in the existing tradition through their character, form and content, and those he viewed as "silent witnesses" to past cultures, or, in other words, as historical sources. He attributed "a living cultural" role to the former, while viewing the latter as "archival material".

In the first decade of the millennium, the need for the reconsideration of the concept of value has intensified. The intention that had already been expressed in the value approach of modern architecture required the defining of the relationship to historicity in the approach of the architectural and art theorists at the beginning of the 20th century. [13] This imagined the relationship of old and new through a heritage that can be excavated from the deep layers of culture and denied the continuity in respect of the form. The major social and political changes occurring in the 20th century virtually forced the definition of the concept of "value". Carthas closely related to the fields of monument protection ascertained the paraphrase of definitions and the basic requirements of an ethic-expectable creative behaviour. The heroic age of monument protection – being the 50s-70s both in international and domestic aspects – was followed by some decades when civil initiatives, developed and strengthened along the approach of the protection of cultural heritage, represented a broader social need. However, for the clarification of the concept of value, even today, there are only experiments – especially regarding monument protection that goes through an organizational transformation. Now, instead of individual historic value, heritage can be mentioned in a wider context; with official communications also emphasising the socially broader community value protection instead of authority protection.

The author analyses the change in state policy, as well as the revival of public initiative in the field of protection of cultural monuments, as a result of the liberalisation of social and political life in Soviet Belarus during the «thaw». Public speeches of cultural figures, scientists, teachers, journalists served as an impetus for the actions of republican and local state bodies, who decided the fate of national heritage objects. The state officials and society representatives efforts undertaken during the period under review resulted with the creation of the Belarusian voluntary society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments (1966), the State inspectorate for the protection of historical, artistic, architectural and archaeological monuments (1967), as well as with the adoption of «On the protection of cultural monuments» law (1969).

Abstract
The sovereign nature of the forms of operation of cultural heritage protection authorities, the polarization between the individual interest and the public interest, discretion margin in the activities of the authorities – all these elements create a kind of "explosive mixture", which is the source of the legal disputes between the owners of historical monuments and historical monuments protection bodies. The key element of the guarantee of individual freedom is the judicial review of public administration. Therefore, it is a matter of dispute to which extent the public administration is subject to judicial review when performing the tasks entrusted. The aim of this article is to show how Polish administrative courts approach the problem. What methodology of the review of discretion margin do they use? How do they solve the dilemma: who makes the final decision – the body or the court? Do they retain judicial self-restraint or are they ready and willing to interfere in the merits of the decision?

Kłodzko Fortress - an undisputed witness of the stormy Silesian wars between the two powers: Austria and Prussia, whose course changed the map of 18th- century Europe, but above all the building which is a unique example of modern military architecture in Europe, where the architectural solutions of several fortification schools intersect, preserved to this day and making the Kłodzko fortress a kind of encyclopedia of fortifications - remains outside the list of monuments recognized as Monuments of History. The efforts undertaken in 2009 to include the fortress on this list of prestigious monuments did not bring the expected result, and the past decade has provided many valuable conclusions on the role and scope of protection of monuments in relation to both local and central politics. This article is an attempt at a synthetic presentation of the case of the Kłodzko Fortress in connection with a renewed attempt to obtain the title of a Monument of History. It is also an echo of the voices focusing on the strictly Polish heritage that emerged during the conference Monuments of History - protection, management, promotion. ; Twierdza Kłodzko – niekwestionowany świadek burzliwych wojen śląskich między dwoma mocarstwami: cesarską Austrią i rosnącymi w silę Prusami, których przebieg zmienił mapę XVIIIwiecznej Europy, ale przede wszystkim obiekt stanowiący wyjątkowy w skali Europy przykład nowożytnej architectura militaris, gdzie krzyżują się rozwiązania architektoniczne kilku szkół fortyfikacyjnych, zachowane do dziś i czyniące z kłodzkiej twierdzy swoistą encyklopedię fortyfikacji – pozostaje poza listą zabytków uznanych za Pomniki Historii. Podjęte w 2009 r. starania o wpisanie twierdzy na tę listę prestiżowych zabytków nie przyniosły spodziewanego rezultatu, a miniona dekada dostarcza wielu cennych wniosków na temat roli i zakresu ochrony zabytków wobec zarówno lokalnej, jak i centralnej polityki. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę syntetycznej prezentacji przypadku Twierdzy Kłodzko w związku z ponownie podjętą próbą uzyskania tytułu Pomnika Historii. Jest również echem głosów koncentrujących się na dziedzictwie stricte polskim, wybrzmiałych podczas konferencji Pomniki Historii – ochrona, zarządzanie, promocja.

This study deals with the legal and financial issues of the National Fund for the Protection of Monuments (NFOZ), which has been operating since 1 January 2018 as a special purpose fund. The Fund has statutorily assigned revenues that come from fines paid by violators of regulations related to the protection of monuments. The study analyses the fund's receipts and expenditures listed in its annual financial plans and concludes that, due to its relatively small revenues, the NFOZ contributes only minimally to the financing of the monument protection system in Poland.

Maģistra darbā "Latvijas Dabas un pieminekļu aizsardzības biedrības darbība kultūras mantojuma saglabāšanā, 1959.-1982. gadam" pētīts "Latvijas Dabas un pieminekļu aizsardzības biedrības" ieguldījums kultūras mantojuma saglabāšanā. Lai gan tā bija nevalstiskā organizācija, tomēr tā atradās tiešā padomju valdības uzraudzībā. Darbā tika analizēta Latvijas Dabas un pieminekļu aizsardzības biedrības praktiskā iesaiste kultūras mantojuma aizsardzībā, kā arī ieguldījums kultūras mantojuma aizsardzības propagandā. Praktiskā iesaistīšanās tika veikta sekojot pieminekļu uzturēšanai kārtībā, kā arī praktiski iesaistoties to pētniecības vai remonta darbos. Propagandas darbu biedrība realizēja ar literatūras izdošanu, konferenču un dažādu ar kultūras mantojumu saistītu konkursu organizēšanu. ; The Master's Thesis "Latvian Nature and monument protection association's activity in the preservation of cultural heritage, 1959-1982" researches the contribution to the preservation of cultural heritage by the Latvian Nature and monument protection association. Even though it was a non-government organization, it was under direct supervision of the Soviet government. The thesis analysis the practical involvement of the Latvian Nature and monument protection association in the preservation of cultural heritage as well as its contribution to the propaganda for the protection of cultural heritage. In praxis the association monitored the maintenance of the monuments and took part in the research and restoration works. Propaganda was carried out by issuing literature and organizing various contests and conferences in relation to cultural heritage.

Анализируются ключевые законодательные акты, ставшие правовой основой охраны памятников на территории Западной Беларуси в 1921–1939 гг. Рассматривается структура польских государственных органов, ответственных за охрану культурного наследия. Утверждается, что благодаря данным законам и действиям окружных консерваторов Виленского, Новогрудского, Полесского и Белостокского воеводств многие архитектурные объекты, поврежденные в ходе Первой мировой войны, были сохранены до наших дней. = The author in the article is analyzing key legislative acts, which were the basis for cultural heritage protection on the territory of Western Belarus in the period of 1921–1939. The structure of Polish state bodies responsible for the protection of monuments is reviewed. Because of these laws and actions of local monument conservators on the territory of Wilno, Novogrudok, Polesje and Białystok voivodships, many architectural objects of Western Belarus, damaged during the World War I were preserved and survived until now.

In recent times, terrorist and insurgent groups such as Al-Qaeda affiliates and the Islamic State have turned their violent acts towards cultural heritage. Historical artefacts, monuments, museums and archaeological sites have been attacked and destroyed. This paper seeks to analyse, through a discursive lens, the pathway that characterises the international protection of cultural heritage in crisis-torn scenarios, from politicisation, to criminalisation, and securitisation. We do so by mapping the narrative threads constructed by the main international actors in reaction to the recent attacks to archaeological sites (i.e., Palmyra) and historical artefacts. We seek to offer a tentative explanation of the assumed process of securitisation of cultural heritage.