Suchergebnisse

Subjectivism, some cultural differences, and cultural moral relativism -- A remembered incident, human rights as a "higher standard," and arguments against cultural moral relativism -- More on "higher standards," arguments against subjectivism, why Maria is not a cultural moral relativist, and manners versus morality -- Tolerance, conscience, moral universals, ethnocentrism, and moral absolutes -- Modified cultural moral relativism and qualified subjectivism -- Moral relativism versus moral absolutism, the determining type of moral relativism versus the varying type, Vishnu sums up, and different kinds of cultural differences revisited

This volume examines the psychological basis of moral judgments and asks what theories of concepts apply to moral concepts. By combining philosophical reasoning and empirical insights from the fields of moral psychology, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience, it considers what mental states not only influence, but also constitute our moral concepts and judgments. On this basis, Park proposes a novel pluralistic theory of moral concepts which includes three different cognitive structures and emotions. Thus, our moral judgments are shown to be a hybrid that express both cognitive and conative states.In part through analysis of new empirical data on moral semantic intuitions, gathered via cross-cultural experimental research, Park reveals that the referents of individuals' moral judgments and concepts vary across time, contexts, and groups. On this basis, he contends for moral relativism, where moral judgments cannot be universally true across time and location but only relative to groups.This powerfully argued text will be of interest to researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in cognitive science, moral theory, philosophy of psychology, and moral psychology more broadly. Those interested in ethics, applied social psychology, and moral development will also benefit from the volume

Integrity : a shared moral value -- Religion, nature, and intuition as possible sources of moral truth -- Some distinctions and some mistakes -- Rights and procedures -- Principles that define morality -- Reasons for being moral -- Relativism -- Second-order principles -- Moral vs. social, ecological, and sexual values -- Moral vs. health and safety values -- Moral questions in education -- The question of moral education -- Forms of moral education

"Widespread disagreement about moral issues is a prominent aspect of contemporary pluralistic societies. Surveys indicate that in the United States opinion is split close to 50/50 on the morality of abortion, the death penalty, same-sex relationships, and physician-assisted suicide. It is also a subject with a long philosophical history, going back to Plato and Aristotle and drives contemporary debates about moral relativism, scepticism and objectivity. Should we be concerned about the extent of moral disagreement? What causes it? What are the onsequence of moral disagreement? In this thorough and clearly written introduction to the philosophy of moral disagreement and its philosophical and political implications Richard Rowland examines and assesses the following topics and questions: Relativism and moral disagreement Moral realism Peer disagreement, moral knowledge and the problem of conciliationism Non-cognitivism and moral disagreement Moral uncertainty Moral disagreement and coercion New directions. Combining clear philosophical analysis with summaries of the latest research and including chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary, Moral Disagreement is ideal for students of ethics, metaethics and political philosophy as well as philosophical topics that are closely related such as relativism, scepticism and objectivity. It will also be of interest to those in related disciplines such as political philosophy, ethics and public policy and philosophy of law"

The discourse of anti-relativism in the political thought of the Catholic Church -- Elements for a public critique of the Catholic discourse of anti-relativism -- Rationalism: between relativism and religion -- Defense of a relativist conception of democracy

Substantive moral theory / Philip Pettit -- Virtue and nature / Christopher W. Gowans -- The importance of metaphysical realism for ethical knowledge / Douglas B. Rasmussen -- Why moral judgments can be objective / Tibor R. Machan -- The importance of the subject in objective morality : distinguishing objective from intrinsic value / Tara Smith -- Evaluative concepts and objective values : rand on moral objectivity / Darryl F. WrighT -- Aristotelian constructivism / Mark LeBar -- Moral construction as a task : sources and limits / Thomas E. Hill, Jr. -- Constructing normative objectivity in ethics / David B. Wong -- What does moral phenomenology tell us about moral objectivity? / Terry Horgan and Mark Timmons -- Imaginative resistance and psychological necessity / Julia Driver -- Objectivism and relational good / Connie S. Rosati -- Foundations in Aquinas's ethics / Scott MacDonald -- Revisionary intuitionism / Michael Huemer -- Moral objectivity / Nicholas Rescher

Toward a foundation for a natural morality -- Competing epistemological approaches toward moral foundations -- Moral relativism, moral objectivism, and natural moralities -- Hill's Kantian moral perspective and the prospect of grounding Kantian morality -- Portmore's moral theory.