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The Natural Bounty of China is an important book series of 60 titles that comprehensively documents the vast diversity of China's natural resources. China recognizes more than 1,600 products unique to the country - known as geographical indication products. This series describes these products in detail, with each single volume focusing on a particular region of China and the unique products cultivated there, such as Changbaishan ginseng in northeast China to the bean paste of Pixian (the "soul of Sichuan cuisine") in the southwest. From the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang to history-steeped Shandong and gorgeously scenic Yunnan, almost every place in the country has produced something that is readily identifiable with it. This series not only makes a major contribution to our understanding of the geography and agriculture of China, but also gives us a greater appreciation of Chinese culture as a whole. This volume looks at the abundant resources and products of Tibet, the 'Roof of the World'.

在香港,若逝世者生前沒有宗教信仰或指定的喪葬儀式,家人通常都會為他舉行道教葬禮。黎志添教授認為道教葬儀在香港已經習俗化。事實上,在一般情況下,進行道教葬儀根本不能反映死者生前信奉的宗教信仰。為何道教葬儀在香港會成為大部份香港人的習俗?我認為,道教葬儀音樂已成為香港人不言而喻的一種身份。 ; 港人一般不會關心葬儀,就算舉辦也不會深究儀式內容。但他們卻認為儀式中的音樂代表了他們的身份。在實地考察中,我發現道教葬儀音樂包含了不少廣東音樂的元素,曲牌《一錠金》就是其中的例子;事實上,採用道教儀式是香港人認同本土中國人身份的表現。 ; 在實地考察中,我發現研究道教殯儀音樂可有多個視角,其音樂及宗教元素更蘊含多層意義。本文以樂師的活動為切入點,以政治身份角力的角度,研究香港道教殯儀音樂。 ; In Hong Kong, a Taoist funeral is usually held for a deceased person by his or her family if the deceased did not have any religious belief or preference. In most cases, a Taoist funeral is a mere convention rather than a reflection of choice or religious affiliation of the deceased. To explore the reason of this ritual popularized in this particular region, I would like to suggest that the music played in a Taoist funeral is part of Hong Kong people's identities. ; Most Hong Kong people, in fact, would avoid the idea of death, not to mention death rituals. When they do, they usually have little knowledge of the Taoist ritual. Most, however, consider the music to be an essential part of the ritual, which reflects to a great extent, their identity. They do, however, consider that the music played represent their identity. ; During the fieldwork for this thesis, I identified a number of traditional Cantonese music pieces in the ritual. For example, the Cantonese tune "Yi-ding jin"一錠金has been playing a significant role. Ordinary Chinese people, as a matter of fact, accept that the music in Taoist funeral rituals represent their identity. ; I have come to understand that there are many layers in a Taoist funeral. The musicians, the ritual, and the Taoist philosophy are part and parcel of the funeral other than the music. Through extensive fieldwork and interviews, I attempt to draw a clear picture of Taoist funeral music activities in the Hong Kong community and explore the entwined relationship between politics and identity dynamics within Hong Kong Taoist funeral music. For a long time, perhaps even today, the identity of the Hong Kong people has remained a controversial ...

"Qiaopi is the name given in Chinese to letters written home by Chinese migrants to accompany remittances, in the 150 years starting in the 1820s. Qiaopi had numerous functions and dimensions, ranging from economic and social to cultural and political. In June 2013, the Qiaopi Project was officially registered under UNESCO's "Memory of the World" programme, set up in 1992 because of "a growing awareness of the parlous state of preservation of documentary heritage" in the world. This book presents around one hundred letters from Singapore, China, Malaysia, Thailand, the USA, and Canada, including photographic reproductions of the original letters, transcriptions in Chinese characters, and English translations, where necessary with explanatory notes. Most of the letters collected in Chinese and non-Chinese archives, and in this sourcebook, were products of the Qiaopi system as traditionally defined. A few, especially some to and from North America, especially in the second half of the twentieth century, went through the Post Office, and were not handled by Chinese remittance companies. Not all the letters accompanied remittances."--Publisher's website

Tsang, Tak Fai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-168). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgement --- p.iii ; Dedication --- p.iv ; Contents --- p.v ; Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction ; Postmodernism and the poststructuralist view of enunciation ; Chapter A.) --- What is Postmodernism? - Three Dimensions --- p.1 ; Chapter B.) --- What constitutes a problem with Postmodernism? --- p.26 ; Chapter C.) --- What is an alternative framework? --- p.33 ; Chapter D.) --- Conclusion --- p.41 ; Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Complementary relationships between discourses and subjects ; One Hundred Years of Solitude - solitudes longing for dialogue ; Chapter A.) --- Introduction - a Poetics of Contest --- p.42 ; Chapter B.) --- The Insufficiency of Contest and Subversion --- p.60 ; Chapter C.) --- One Hundred Years of Solitude - a longing for dialogue --- p.69 ; Chapter D.) --- Conclusion: Dialogism and Liberal Humanism --- p.83 ; Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Subject and History ; Midnight's Children - dialogues of individual and national unity ; Chapter A.) --- Hutcheon's view of subjectivity and history --- p.84 ; Chapter B.) --- Hypothesis: a dialogical structure of discourses in Midnight's Children --- p.93 ; Chapter C.) --- Conclusion: re-defining the liberal humanist subject --- p.115 ; Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Subject and Politics ; Beloved 226}0ؤ Agency and the articulation of a favourable identity for ex-slaves ; Chapter A.) --- p.117 ; Chapter B.) --- Problems of Hutcheońةs framework in Beloved --- p.131 ; Chapter C.) --- "Modifying Hutcheońةs framework: Dialogism, Centres and Discourses" --- p.137 ; Chapter D.) --- Conclusion: redefining postmodernist subjectivity --- p.149 ; Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Conclusion ; Reconfiguring Liberal Humanism - an enunciative basis ; Chapter A.) --- Significance --- p.151 ; Chapter B.) --- "The Enunciating Subject, The Enonce and Power" --- p.152 ; Chapter C.) --- From Epistemology to ...

Each year, more than 15 million Chinese leave the rural areas of China and move to the cities. This figure exceeds 300,000 in the case of Shanghai. By the time 2010 cedes to 2011, the majority of China's population will be living in the cities. "Shanghai new towns. Searching for community and identity in a sprawling metropolis" documents and analyses the meteoric rate of urbanization of the countryside round Shanghai, most particularly the part played there by new towns and new villages. This decentralized planning model takes its cue from classic Western examples. A few pilot new towns have been developed on paper withhelp from Western designers and then adapted to suit Chinese standards. This book shows how the plans have been put into practice. Photos, essays by Chinese and Western critics and descriptions of projects illustrate what daily life looks like and how these new cities function within the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Area as a whole. It dwells at length on the international exchange of knowledge and the differences in method

Chan Wai Shun. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-216). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.III ; 緒論 --- p.IV ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.V ; TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.VII ; ABBREVIATIONS / LIST OF TABLES / LISTS OF FIGURES --- p.XII ; Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Policy Background --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Hypotheses --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptualization of Terms --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thematic Framework of the Whole Dissertation --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology and Research Limitations --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.5.1 --- The Selection of Case --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.5.2 --- The Articulation of Narratives and Discourses --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.5.3 --- The Source of Narratives and Discourses --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.5.4 --- The Methodological Limitations --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Potential Contributions --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.6.1 --- Contributions to Academic Community --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.6.2 --- Contributions to the Diplomatic Community --- p.23 ; Chapter 1.7 --- Chapter Summary and the Preview of the Dissertation --- p.24 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- A THEORETICAL REVIEW ON EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.1 --- IR Theories and their Application in European Neighbourhood Policy --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Realism and its Variation --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Liberal Institutionalism and Liberal Intergovernmentalism --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- Constructivism and its Application --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Problems of the Traditional IR Theories --- p.34 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Maltreatment of Bargaining Game within EU --- p.35 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Maltreatment of EU Polity --- p.37 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Maltreatment of EU Foreign Policy --- p.38 ; Chapter 2.3 --- From IR ThEories to Policy-oriented Analysis --- p.40 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Enlargement Experience of the Usual Reference --- p.41 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Cross-pillar Characteristics of ENP ...

Wong, Wai Man Natalie. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Notes --- p.vii ; Lists of Figures and Tables --- p.viii ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study - Transboundary movement of electronic waste (e-waste) --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Structure of NGOs Networks --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Variables in TANs --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Study --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology --- p.18 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEWING TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORKS IN TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Overview: Expansion of INGOs --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Debates: State-centric vs. Non State-centric in World Politics --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Transnational Activism in World Politics --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Networks in Transnational Activisms --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Linkages in Transnational Activism between the North and the South --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- NGOs Networking: Two Levels Analysis --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.4 --- TANs in Transnational Activisms --- p.34 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Transnational Activism in Asia --- p.43 ; Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WHAT HAS THE GREENPEACE DONE IN ANTI TOXIC E-WASTE CAMPAGINS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES? --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Problems of e-waste --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Greenpeace China in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.54 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Greenpeace Philippines in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.64 ; Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURE OF GREENPEACE NETWORKS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1 --- History of INGOs in China and the Philippines --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1.1 --- History of INGOs in China --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1.2 --- History of INGOs in the Philippines --- p.79 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Greenpeace - National Government Relationship --- p.92 ; Chapter 4.3 --- ...

Chiu, Ming Ho. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-155). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.v ; Table of Contents --- p.vii ; List of Tables --- p.xi ; List of Figures --- p.xiii ; List of Plates --- p.xiv ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Environment of Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Flat land area --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Population --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Climate --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Landslides in Hong Kong --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Landslide history --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Government actions on landslide prevention --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.1.3 --- Slopes in Hong Kong --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.1.4 --- Slope stabilization --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Conventional methods of slope stabilization --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Biotechnical stabilization --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Situation in Hong Kong --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Slope protection in the past --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Government action on improving slope appearance --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Proprietary slope greening techniques --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Vegetation growth on slopes --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Basic requirements of plants --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Potential problems of proprietary systems on shotcreted cut slopes --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Steep gradient --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Thin soil --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Rainfall seasonality --- p.25 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Current study --- p.26 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Objectives --- p.26 ; Chapter 1.4.2 --- Significance --- p.26 ; Chapter 1.4.3 --- Thesis layout --- p.27 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Soil water status and vegetation of cut slopes --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Study site --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- In situ measurements and substrate sampling --- p.43 ; Chapter ...

Wang, Jing. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-142). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract ; Acknowledgements ; Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.7 ; Chapter A. --- Background leading to the research question --- p.7 ; Chapter I. --- The socialist legacy: the institutional failure of China ´ةs labor regime --- p.8 ; Chapter II. --- Society in action: the emergence of migrant worker NGOs --- p.10 ; Chapter B. --- Research Question --- p.16 ; Chapter C. --- Significance of the research --- p.18 ; Chapter D. --- Research Structure --- p.21 ; Chapter I. --- Relationship with official trade unions --- p.22 ; Chapter II. --- Relationship with enterprises (suppliers and MNCs) --- p.22 ; Chapter III. --- Relationship with foreign NGOs --- p.24 ; Chapter F. --- The Organization of the Thesis --- p.24 ; Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.26 ; Chapter A. --- State-society relations: a Civil Society Perspective --- p.27 ; Chapter B. --- Industrial relations as Embedded in the State-society Relations --- p.35 ; Chapter C. --- Major Inadequacies in Literatures --- p.40 ; Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.42 ; Chapter A. --- Research Question and Research Design --- p.42 ; Chapter B. --- Justifications for Case Study as an Appropriate Method for this Research --- p.44 ; Chapter C. --- Selection of the Case --- p.48 ; Chapter D. --- Conducting Case Studies --- p.49 ; Chapter E. --- Problems Associated with the Case Study --- p.51 ; Chapter F. --- Summary --- p.51 ; Chapter Chapter Four: --- Impoverishment of Migrant Labor: Global Capitalism and China's Urban-rural Structural Divide --- p.51 ; Chapter A. --- Global Capitalism: the Political Economy of Export-orientated Industry --- p.55 ; Chapter B. --- Labor Regime Facilitative to Exploitation --- p.59 ; Chapter C. --- The Socio-political Underpinnings of the Labor Regime: Residence Registration System and Two-tier Labor Market --- p.63 ; Chapter D. --- ...

Gao Yang. ; Thesis submitted in: June 2005. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-133). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; GENDER AND NATIONALISM IN CHINESE FILMS BETWEEN 1949 AND 1989 --- p.I ; 摘要 --- p.III ; ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VIII ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- "Nation, State and Nationalism" --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Gender and Nation in Chinese Cinematic Narration --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Typology --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Film Analysis as Method --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Case Selection --- p.16 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF CHINA: 1949-1989 --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Background of the First Period:1949-1978 --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- "New China, New Women" --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Cooperative Movement and the Communization Movement:1952- --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Great Leap Forward and the Suppression of Individualism:1958-1960 --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.1.4 --- The Magnification of Class Struggle and the Cultural Revolution --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.1.5 --- The Unchanged Philosophy behind the Changing Policies: the Strategic Opening Up of Public Domain for Women --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Economic and Political Landscape after the Cultural Revolution: 1979-1989 --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Economic Reform and the Concomitant Social Problems --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Political Liberalization and the Backlashes --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- "The ""Cultural Fever"" and the ""Fifth Generation"" Filmmakers" --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Collective Frustration: The Social Sentiment after the National Trauma --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.1 --- Traumatic Experiences during the Cultural Revolution --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.2 --- The Lost Past --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.3 --- The Meaningless Present --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- The Specter of Westernization --- p.37 ; Chapter 2.2.3.2.1 --- ...

本文从选拔者和候选人两个角度来分析中国的官员选拔。对选拔者而言,能力和忠诚是提拔下级官员最重要的两个因素。提拔有能力的官员有利于政治制度的运行。本文发现原本旨在遏制地方主义的交流制度却使得上级在选拔下级官员时牺牲能力换取忠诚。外来领导比本地领导会提拔更多的干部,而其在提拔时对官员能力的要求更低。外来领导在本地缺乏政治同盟,因而会提拔一些能力并不出众的官员来赢取他们的忠诚。而这就反映出能力和忠诚这两个因素在官员选拔中是一种替代关系。在候选人方面,他们尽管有很强的晋升激励,但仍然会采取隐蔽行为。通过对地市财政支出的研究,本文认为作为候选人的地市级官员并不会一直致力于经济发展,而是会采取选择性行为。他们会根据晋升空间的大小来调整自己的努力程度。利用 58 岁及以上的省委常委和副省长人数作为地市级官员晋升空间大小的替代变量,本文发现这一人数的增加会使得地市级政府的财政支出增加。上级领导在提拔地市级官员时更看重官员当期表现而非其任内平均表现,这就使得理性的官员会在其认为更有可能被提拔的时期努力发展经济,以此更有效地向上级展示其能力。 ; This dissertation examines political selection in China from the perspectives of selectors and selectees. For selectors, competence and loyalty are two most important factors in selecting subordinates. Appointing competent officials is crucial to make polity work. In this dissertation, I show that the rotation institution set to curb localism induces the selectors to trade competence for loyalty. I find nonlocal provincial leaders promote more prefecture leaders with relatively lower expectation on competence than local provincial leaders do. Rotated leaders lack local political allies so they will promote incompetent subordinates to win their loyalty. And this demonstrates that the relationship between competence and loyalty in political selection is substitutive. From the perspective of selectees, those subordinates have promotion-based incentives to improve their performance, but they still take strategic actions. By investigating fiscal expenditure at the prefecture level, I argue that prefecture leaders as the selectees do not always concentrate on economic development but adjust their actions according to perceived opportunities for promotion. I use the number of members in provincial party standing committees and vice governors whose ages are not less than 58 as an indicator of promotion opportunity and find that the increase in this number leads prefecture governments to spend more money. The selectors promote selectees based on their current performance but not average performance during their whole tenure, therefore it is rational for the ...

以往的明末清初耶佛相遇研究,更为注重天主教和佛教间的冲突和对比。本文更倾向于身处耶佛相遇处境内的士人的宗教内对话。来世问题不仅是耶佛宗教间论辩的焦点,也是士大夫的宗教内对话转化信仰的主旨。 ; 这是因为晚明时期传统儒学影响,更加关注生死问题的讨论。晚明儒释交融,逃禅悦禅狂禅成为一时风尚。而天主教的传入给关心生死议题的士大夫提供了另一种资源。相对于流于空虚玄妙的禅学而言,很多人认为天主教是一种"实心"、"实行""实学"的思想体系。 ; 明清之际,佛学的发展趋势是禅净合流,唯心净土与弥陀净土慢慢融合。禅净双修在士大夫中很受欢迎。因此,士大夫对天主教生死关的理解不仅与禅学相关,也与净土相关。 ; 明朝政策使瑜伽僧和禅讲僧鼎立,使经忏法事弥漫于士人的日常生活中,这也与净土信仰相关联。对这些经忏科仪的批判,也成了天主教徒理解来世的一个面向。 ; 来世问题,中国天主教徒认为这是儒学的疏略之处,构成了"补儒易佛"的重要内容。 ; Most of the existing studies of the Buddhist‐Christian encounter during the Ming and Qing dynasties emphasize the conflict and contrast between Chinese Buddhism and Catholicism. The present study tends to focus on the intra religious dialogue of the participants. It will indicate that the problem of next‐life or life after death was not only one of the foci of dialogue, but also one of the key aspects of the transformation of faith caused by intra‐religious dialogue of the Chinese intellectuals at that time. ; During the late Ming period, under the influence of traditional Confucianism, the matters of life and death became a focus of debate. At that time, the escapist Ch'an Buddhism became an ethos, and interactions took place between Buddhism and Confucianism. When Catholicism was introduced into China, it offered a spiritual alternative to the Chinese intellectuals who cared about matters of life and death. In contrast to the relatively more speculative and mysterious Ch'an, many Chinese found Catholicism a more genuine, concrete and practical system of thought. ; With regard to the Buddhism during the Ming and Qing dynasties, an important trend of development was the combination between Ch'an and Pure Land Buddhism, particularly the gradual integration between the Amitabha Pure Land and the Heart‐Only Pure Land. Dual cultivation of Ch'an and Pure Land was very popular among the Chinese intellectuals. For this reason, the Chinese intellectuals' understanding of the Catholic view of life and death related not only to Ch'an, but also to Pure Land Buddhism. ; The governmental policy of Ming dynasty made the ...

本文考察了中央地方財政自主性的變化,地方政府日益增長的對土地相關收入的依賴以及中國社會總體穩定程度,三者之間的因果關係。使用24個省、市、自治區,跨1998年至2006年的面板數據的回歸模型結果顯示地方政府從土地和房地產相關產業發展上獲得的收入顯著的惡化了以來信來訪數量衡量的社會穩定程度。而地方財政自主性的增強則可以抑制地方政府謀取壟斷地租所導致的信訪數量的增加。 ; 本文認為,信訪量的持續攀升與拆遷征地糾紛不斷的直接肇因是1994年開始實行的一系列稅收改革所改變的中央地方政府之間的稅收分配以及稅收結構。地方政府近乎掠奪性的征地拆遷以囤積土地獲得壟斷性租金收入的做法都與該變化有關。但同時,上述現象也受到了以信訪為代表的黨政糾紛解決渠道與以訴訟為代表的司法糾紛解決途徑在威權政體等級制度中的局限性的影響。在等級制度中,中央和地方政府因自身利益不同而存在博弈關係,在各級政府之間還存在權力與相應社會責任分配上反向的 "差序格局"。層級越高的政府,掌握越多的政治權力以及相應的可供其用來"尋租"的政治與經濟資源,卻承擔越少的社會責任和風險。 ; My dissertation investigates the causal mechanisms among three factors, the relative change of the central-local fiscal autonomy after 1994 fiscal reform, the increasing of local land derived-revenue in recent years, and the variations in the general level of social stability. Using a panel data set covering 24 provincial level administrative units in China during 1998-2006, the study suggests that the income local governments earned from land and real estate developments substantially and significantly threaten social stability. It also reveals that more fiscal autonomy of local governments does help restrain rising level of instablity caused by local governments' incentive to capture monopoly rent from land. ; The findings are consistent with the argument that the fiscal rearrangement and restructuring provide incentives to local governments to practice fierce land requisition and house demolition in order to get monopoly rents through land hoarding. Yet the general level of social stability is also affected by the restrictions of disputes resolution channels lie within authoritarian hierarchical structure. The study highlights how two of the most important disputes resolution channels in China, i.e. petition and litigation, reflects the different incentive structure of central and local governments. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 韓佳. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-201) ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : ...

The COVID-19 pandemic brought on the so-called "coronacrisis," a global crisis event enormous in size and force. The crisis questioned the ability of states and instruments of international governance to respond quickly and effectively to the global threats. It is noteworthy that there was no strong correlation between crisis management efficacy and the type of political system of a country. However, the countries with elaborated and well-financed health systems, were able to struggle with the devastating consequences of the coronacrisis better than those with systemic, structural and financial problems of their healthcare sectors. It is obvious that the ability to manage the coronacrisis is not related to the type of political governance or ideology, but to the state administrative resources and competence of the cabinet / leaders. That potentially gave an opportunity for countries with different ideological foundations to neglect their tensions and unite the efforts in the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (e.g. create mutual programmes of vaccination and medicine distribution). The main forces are the Transatlantic alliance, Russia and China. Unfortunately, no visible COVID-19-related agreement between them ever happened so far. Instead, the coronacrisis situation was used by the political rivals to intensify their aggressive rhetoric against each other (e.g., USA and Russia, USA and China) or profit from it in deepening international collaboration not connected with the pandemic itself (e.g., Russia and China). We do not observe any real mutual efforts of liquidating the pandemic consequences even within an ideological block, to say nothing about different blocks. The US–EU relationships worsened during the pandemic, especially at the background of Trump's cool attitude towards international organisations and his decision to leave the World Health Organization in the midst of the pandemic and his threatening words that US may also abandon the NATO. Likewise, John Bolton spoke of the EU as an entity hostile ...

Zhou, Yi. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-168). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.2 ; Table of Contents --- p.6 ; Introduction --- p.8 ; Chapter Chapter One: --- Return to the Parole --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.1 --- The Language Dilemma and Appeal of Asian American Literature --- p.23 ; "Language: Community, Nation and Power" --- p.24 ; Claiming a Right to Standard English --- p.29 ; Claiming a Right to Multiple Tongues --- p.32 ; Problems with Previously Mentioned Ways of Resistance --- p.36 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Kingston´ةs Language Choice and Writing Strategies --- p.40 ; Poetic Language: From Kristeva to Kingston --- p.41 ; Heterogeneity: Kingston as a Bilingual Writer --- p.44 ; Diversity: A New Fusion Language --- p.51 ; Dialogism: From Words to Culture --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter Two: --- Return to the Body --- p.73 ; Chapter 2.1 --- From Parole to the Body --- p.76 ; "Langue, Parole, Subject" --- p.77 ; Deconstruction of the Subject: The Maternal Body --- p.79 ; "Chora´ح-- A Bodily Metaphor for Resistance to Langue --- p.81 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Body-Based Writing --- p.83 ; Let the Body Speak --- p.84 ; "Female Writers, Body Consciousness" --- p.87 ; Kingston´ةs Bodily and Life Experience --- p.90 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Gaze on the Body´ؤKingston's Body Writing on Male --- p.93 ; Objectification: Seeing and Being Seen --- p.94 ; Objectified Body-From Body to Flesh --- p.96 ; Objectification as Alienation --- p.99 ; Body´ةs Spontaneous Resistance: Pain --- p.103 ; Chapter Chapter Three: --- Return to the Minor --- p.111 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Speech Act: Another View on Resistance to Langue --- p.113 ; Austin: Speech Is Itself a Form of Action --- p.113 ; "Derrida: "Iterability""" --- p.116 ; Judith Butler: A Politics of the Performative --- p.119 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Revolt of Minor Tongue: On Language Appropriation --- p.122 ; "Performing a "Twin Skin""" --- p.123 ; The Stereotypical Linguistic Reality --- p.127 ; "Insurrectionary ...