Suchergebnisse

The author of the book examines the issues of constitutional stability and its role in ensuring sustainable democracy.

Abstract. The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat's host country, and language skills generally, are considered while selecting candidates for EU delegation heads in the European External Action Service. With this aim, the study examines possible correlations between languages spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official languages in their respective host countries. It is concluded that a correlation often exists between the language(s), and especially mother tongues, spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official language(s) in the countries to which they are posted and, thus, a candidate's knowledge of the host country's official language is usually taken into account in the selection of candidates for EU delegation heads, although this criterion seems to carry different weight for candidates from various EU member countries. Keywords: EEAS, heads of EU delegations, EEAS staffing policy, EU diplomacy, languages in diplomacy

The institutions responsible for the security of those societies developed in the last two decades in the European Union. The Council of Europ accepted the first safety strategy in the history of this international organization. Terrorist attacks made taking forceful steps necessary. The process of creating union troops mainly in combat groups became significant. The creation of this group is the most important military initiative undertaken by the European Union. Since 2010 they have been working in rotation groups and with the ability to react quickly during a crisis outside European territory. Poland is taking part in this process with an increasingly active contribution to strengthen its position within EU structures. Poland is part of the Weimarsk and Visegrad combat group with other countries. There is no sign yet of the creation of a unileteral European army in the coming years. The European Union undertakes supplementary tasks in relation to military operations run by the United Nations and NATO. ; The institutions responsible for the security of those societies developed in the last two decades in the European Union. The Council of Europ accepted the first safety strategy in the history of this international organization. Terrorist attacks made taking forceful steps necessary. The process of creating union troops mainly in combat groups became significant. The creation of this group is the most important military initiative undertaken by the European Union. Since 2010 they have been working in rotation groups and with the ability to react quickly during a crisis outside European territory. Poland is taking part in this process with an increasingly active contribution to strengthen its position within EU structures. Poland is part of the Weimarsk and Visegrad combat group with other countries. There is no sign yet of the creation of a unileteral European army in the coming years. The European Union undertakes supplementary tasks in relation to military operations run by the United Nations and NATO.

W ostatnich dwóch dekadach nastąpił w Unii Europejskiej rozwój instytucji odpowiadających za bezpieczeństwo tych społeczeństw. W roku 2003 Rada Europy przyjęła pierwszą w historii tej organizacji międzynarodowej strategię bezpieczeństwa. Do zdecydowanych kroków zmusiły także zamachy terrorystyczne. Istotnego znaczenia nabrał proces tworzenia unijnych formacji wojskowych, głównie Grup Bojowych. Tworzenie tej formacji jest najważniejszą, podejmowaną przez UE inicjatywą militarną. Od 2010 roku pełnią one rotacyjne dyżury i są zdolne do szybkiego reagowania na kryzysy poza terytorium Europy. W procesie tym coraz aktywniej uczestniczy Polska, przyczyniając się do umacniania swej pozycji w strukturach UE. Polska tworzy z innymi krajami Weimarską i Wyszehradzką Grupę Bojową. Należy sądzić, że w najbliższych latach nie powstanie europejska armia pod jednolitym dowództwem i jednakowo umundurowana. Unia Europejska przyjęła na siebie zadania uzupełniające w stosunku do operacji wojskowych prowadzonych przez Organizację Narodów Zjednoczonych, Stany Zjednoczone i Sojusz Północnoatlantycki. ; The institutions responsible for the security of those societies developed in the last two decades in the European Union. The Council of Europe accepted the first safety strategy in the history of this international organization. Terrorist attacks made taking forceful steps necessary. The process of creating union troops mainly in combat groups became significant. The creation of this group is the most important military initiative undertaken by the European Union. Since 2010 they have been working in rotation groups and with the ability to react quickly during a crisis outside European territory. Poland is taking part in this process with an increasingly active contribution to strengthen its position within EU structures. Poland is part of the Weimarsk and Visegrad combat group with other countries. There is no sign yet of the creation of a unileteral European army in the coming years. The European Union undertakes supplementary tasks in relation to military operations run by the United Nations and NATO.

V nalogi uvodoma definiram temeljne pojme magistrskega dela, nato opisujem dejavnike prometne varnosti in varnost cestnega prometa v Evropski uniji in Sloveniji, zatem navajam vzroke za nastanek prometne nesreče in analiziram prometne nesreče. V nadaljevanju se posvetim najpogostejšim petim dejavnikom, jih metodološko opredelim in prikažem statistične podatke najpogostejših dejavnikov prometnih nesrečah v zadnjih nekaj letih. Nazadnje podam še načrt in vizijo za še večje izboljšanje varnosti v cestnem prometu ter intervju, ki sem ga opravila na Javni agenciji za varnost cestnega prometa v Sloveniji. ; In the thesis, I define the basic concepts of the master's thesis and describe the factors of road traffic safety and road safety in the European Union and in Slovenia. I further describe the causes of the accident and the analysis of the road accident. In the following, I focus on the most common five factors and methodologically define them and present statistical data on the most common factors of traffic accidents in the last few years. Finally, I present plans and visions to improve road safety in the future and an interview I conducted at the Public Agency for Road Safety in Slovenia.

Occurrence of ethical problem is forced them in research of total institutions by character. It belongs to biggest ethical problems in case of total institution in the course of research: - protection privacy respondent and at publication of result in accordance with staff; - behavior neutrality equal as well as subordinates; - disclosure secret environmental. Concentration on variable, which limit subjectivism of collected data has in research of total institutions in forceful winning objective data about functioning in accordance with society of reality ethical dilemmas meaning this exclusive not increasing simultaneously.

The article presents the concept of strategic planning adapted to the realities of social assistance and attempts to prove that this concept significantly affects the demand for research on local social problems that is carried out in local social assistance institutions. This increasingly significant activity, mainly concerning diagnosing and forecasting, influences both the identification of new tasks of social welfare and, consequently, new elements of its organizational structures, which were called local laboratories for research on social policy in the title of the article, and the need to delegate these tasks to specialists in social policy.

The author addresses the social participation issue in the context of its significance to public policy in Poland. He examines the barriers limiting the expansion of participation. He notices them in the way a democracy functions ("failed democracy" according to Democracy Index), as well as in the way the dialogue has been organised (for example, two separate currents have been established - i.e. the social one and the civic one, which is quite unusual by Western European standards). He regards the politicians' perception of what a democracy is as a next barrier. As a result of that one can see lower standards of public sphere in place, antiquated public governance still in place, the underdevelopment of the legal framework for social dialogue and the low quality of policy-making. The author also describes the most important social phenomena relating to the functioning of the social and civic dialogue mechanisms. He analyses the sources of the current condition of the dialogue in terms of historical, structural as well as political factors.

Seven drafts of the constitution submitted to the Polish Sejm by political parties have been analyzed and compared within the scope of regulations concerning the economic organization of the society: property rights, freedom of economic activity and its limitations, social security, state budget and debt, etc. Though advanced by groups of different or even (seemingly) opposite political orientations, the drafts do not differ much, all of them presenting a vision of a rather liberal state with the possibility of state intervention, in case it is necessary to protect "the public good". Most important differences may be noticed in the area of social insurance, education and health service. It is, however, often difficult to state decisively what the differences between the drafts consist in. All the drafts have been written in a very general language. It is only the future legislation which will determine the shape of the economic system of the state, and will interpret the still vague regulations of the constitution, the final version of which will certainly be a compromise between the submitted drafts. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

First of all, the paper explains the meaning of climate sustainability and the parallel understanding of the category of sustainable development in the EU as a concept of total decarbonization of the economy. Secondly, it shows a great impact of Europe 2020 strategy and the latest package 2.0 for the period to 2030 on the Polish industry and society, due to the specific structure of energy balance and high costs of climate change mitigation. Thirdly, the paper shows the possibilities of the technological change in the energy sector in a broad sense that led to the low-emission economy and at the same time which are feasible and economically acceptable. Apart from renewables, energy efficiency, coal substitution to gas and cogeneration, a few efficient technologies exist which are a climate 'rescue' being consistent with the low-emission economy as well as securing minimum prospects for coal. Although the possibilities of CO2 reductions in the process of coal combustion are especially limited, moderate chances can be seen in the conversion process of coal to gaseous and solid forms.

Critical reflections over marxist ideology, and especially political system in the USSR, were present in the polish political thought in the first half of the XXth century, due to publications, among others, by Adam Krzyżanowski, Stanisław Mackiewicz or Marian Zdziechowski. An important role in spreading anti-communist ideas played magazine "Fight with bolshevism" established in 1927 by Henryk Glass. The main task of the editorial board was to inform the Polish nation about the threats coming out from communism. To fulfill this task, magazine published official papers of the Communist International, communist parties, soviet government etc., along with some communist confidential materials. "Fight with bolshevism" used all possible means to warn the society of the danger coming from the east. The author talks over the most important problems and topics took up by the magazine, as well as the social undertakings supported by it.

Critical reflections over marxist ideology, and especially political system in the USSR, were present in the polish political thought in the first half of the XXth century, due to publications, among others, by Adam Krzyżanowski, Stanisław Mackiewicz or Marian Zdziechowski. An important role in spreading anti-communist ideas played magazine "Fight with bolshevism" established in 1927 by Henryk Glass. The main task of the editorial board was to inform the Polish nation about the threats coming out from communism. To fulfill this task, magazine published official papers of the Communist International, communist parties, soviet government etc., along with some communist confidential materials. "Fight with bolshevism" used all possible means to warn the society of the danger coming from the east. The author talks over the most important problems and topics took up by the magazine, as well as the social undertakings supported by it.