Розкриваються ключові риси основних моделей демократичних держав – соціальної, ліберальної й консервативної. Аналізуються базові відхилення від них у сучасній українській політичній системі. Розглядаються варіанти коректування політичного курсу держави в напрямі її демократизації. There are some main features of the models of democratic states that are uncovering. Analysing some basic deviations from the main social, liberal and conservative systems that should be at Ukrainian politic system it is possible to see options of adjustment of policy of the state at the direction of its democratisation.
The article deals with the issue of the concept of restorability as one of the most important technical and operational properties of military vehicles, and on the basis of developing a system image of the process of reconstruction of the properties of military vehicles object and repair, a typical structure of requirements is defined which should be taken into account in the development of tactical and technical the task of creating the latest weapons and military equipment.
The article deals with the issue of the concept of restorability as one of the most important technical and operational properties of military vehicles, and on the basis of developing a system image of the process of reconstruction of the properties of military vehicles object and repair, a typical structure of requirements is defined which should be taken into account in the development of tactical and technical the task of creating the latest weapons and military equipment.
The scientific and technological revolution of the early 21st century has caused profound systemic transformations around the world. First of all, due to the combination of advances in the field of advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) with the acquisitions that have emerged from the rapid development of information and telecommunications systems (ITS), fundamentally new global substances have emerged - the information society, as well as the information and cybernetic spaces they have almost unlimited potential and play a leading role in the economic and social development of every country in the world. However, due to the unprecedented proliferation of ICTs and ITSs, the world community has received not only numerous benefits, but also a number of problems caused by the growing vulnerability of the info sphere to third-party cybernetic influences. Therefore, it is only natural for the need to control and further regulate appropriate relationships, and therefore for the immediate creation of a robust cyber security system. Instead, the absence of such a system could lead to the loss of political independence of any state in the world, since it would involve the actual loss of competition by non-military means and the subordination of its national interests to the interests of the opposing party. As these circumstances play an important role in the geopolitical competition of most countries in the world recently, ensuring cybersecurity and harmony in cyberspace has become a major challenge in our information age. The article is devoted to the study of cybercrime trends, which is a threat to the information security of our country. The place and role of cyber security in the nationalist security system of the state are highlighted. The situation of the cyber defense system in the advanced countries of the world, such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom, was detailed. The main shortcomings and prospects of installing cyberspace protection have been identified. The use of modern information technologies in the state structures, as well as in the society as a whole, makes solving the problems of information security one of the main ones. ; Науково-технічна революція початку ХХІ сторіччя спричинила в усьому світі глибокні системнні перетвнорення. Передунсім завдякни поєднаннню досягннень у сфері новітнніх інформнаційно-комунікаційних технолногій (ІКТ) із надбанннями, що постални на базі стрімкного розвитнку інформнаційно-телекомунікаційних систем (ІТC), сформунвалися принцинпово нові глобалньні субстаннції — інформнаційне суспілньство, а також інформнаційний та кіберннетичний простонри, які мають нині практинчно необменжений потенцніал і відігрнають провіднну роль в економнічному та соціалньному розвитнку кожної країни світу. Проте через небаченне досі поширенння ІКТ та ІТC світовна спільннота отриманла не лише численнні переванги, а й цілу низку пробленм, зумовлнених дедалі більшоню вразлинвістю інфосфнери щодо сторонннього кіберннетичного впливу. Тому цілком природнно постална необхіндність контронлю та подальншого врегулнювання відповнідних взаємонвідносин, а отже, і невідкнладного створенння надійнної системни кіберннетичної безпекни. Натомінсть відсутнність такої системни може призвенсти до втрати політинчної незаленжності будь-якої державни світу, бо йтиметнься про фактичнний програнш нею змаганння невійсньковими засобанми та підпорнядкування її націоннальних інтеренсів інтеренсам протибнорчої сторонни. Оскільнки саме ці обставнини відігрнають останннім часом важливну роль у геополнітичній конкурненції більшонсті країн світу, то забезпнечення кібербнезпеки та злагодни в кіберпнросторі стає головнним завданнням нашої інформнаційної епохи. Стаття посвячнена досліднженням тенденнцій кіберннетичної злочиннності, що є загрозною інформнаційній безпецні нашої державни. Виділенно місце та роль кіберннетичної безпекни в системні націонналістичної безпекни державни. Було деталінзовано становнище системни оборонни від кіберннетичних атак в передонвих державнах світу, таких як Сполучнені Штати Америкни та Велика Британнія. Виявленно головнні недолінки та перспенктиви встанонвлення захистну кіберннетичного простонру. Викоринстання сучаснних інформнаційних технолногій у державнних структнурах, а також у суспілньстві в цілому, висуванє вирішенння пробленм інформнаційної безпекни в число основнних.
Introduction. At the present stage of economic development, one of the most important problems is the search for more efficient use of limited resources available in the enterprise and the formation of such resource potential that would be sufficient to produce the required amount of products. Problems of using the resources of agrarian enterprises are connected, first of all, with the innovation of production and its environmental safety. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of using certain resources of agrarian enterprises and possible ways of overcoming them.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of methods of cognition: generalization, historical-logical and retrospective methods.Results. Among the problems of resource use of particular relevance are issues of improving the reproduction of productive capacity of agricultural land and their environmentally safe use.Water resources play an increasing role in the agrarian sector of the economy. This is due to the need to increase agricultural productivity; unfavorable agro-climatic conditions in agricultural regions; differences in the ratio of land and water potentials, since in most of the agricultural land they act as a single unit – means of production. There is a shortage of water resources on the territory of Ukraine; therefore, the main task is to save water and its rational use, to search for a variety of alternative ways of land reclamation.Effective use of rural labor resources is one of the main factors that influence the increase of production in an agrarian enterprise and the improvement of the living standards of the rural population. The main problem of the development and efficient functioning of labor resources in rural areas is the curtailment of agricultural production, a sharp contraction of sown areas under labor-intensive cultures, which lead to an increase in unemployment, underemployment and mass labor migration.The development of agrarian enterprises is impossible without sufficient financial resources from all possible sources of income. Particular state support is an important problem in improving the financial condition of agrarian enterprises. The main reasons for inefficient financing by the state of the agrarian sector are the imperfection of the mechanisms for obtaining and distributing budget funds and violation of budgetary discipline during their use.Equally important are the problems of technical and technological provision of agricultural production on the basis of the introduction of the latest engineering and technologies, in particular, the use of alternative types of energy, as well as informatization of the agro-industrial sector of the economy. Informatization should relate to production, management, education, science.Originality. The revealed problems of resources utilization of agrarian enterprises need to be solved only under the condition of an innovative way of overcoming them with the obligatory consideration of the ecological component.Conclusion. In general, improving the conditions for the economic activity of agrarian enterprises and solving these problems, using resources on an innovative basis, taking into account the environmental component, will provide an opportunity to increase the efficiency of their production and economic activity in general and competitiveness, in particular, both in the domestic and foreign markets.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem in using modern e-commerce tools in the field of tourism. In order to disclose the topic, methods of objectivity and system are used to establish the main advantages and disadvantages of using e-commerce in the economic activity of a tourist enterprise. The purpose of the article is to determine the state and prospects for the development of e-commerce in the tourism services market, as well as the analysis of international experience in the field of e-commerce legislative regulation. Together with the rapid spread of electronic payment, the communication networks development and the growing number of potential Internet users, e-commerce has become one of the most important sales channels for tourism services, while increasing the profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. One of the important factors that hinders the rapid spread of e-tourism in Ukraine is the regulatory framework imperfection. After the introduction of existing mechanisms in interaction between the seller and the consumer in tourism services, electronic sales can be made one of the modern and effective ways to implement a tourism product.
In the article it is done historiographical and sources study analysis of the material concerning to the activity of the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church of Canada (hereinafter referred to as UGOCC). The reasons influenced on its creation are shown. The main of them was the desire of the public activists to give possibility to the immigrants to attend their native church with Ukrainian divine service, deprived the influence of Rome and Moscow. The conditions in which Ukrainians consolidated on the basis of Orthodox religion were analyzed. Orthodox were mainly those who moved from Bukovina and Galicians, that past from Greek Catholic faith to Orthodox. The history of origin and further activity of UGOCC in the interwar period, according to valid norms of the Canadian legislation, is described in the research. The most important problems of the building of UGOCC, such as the lack of priests, searching for a bishop by Ukrainian origin, and the struggle for the recognition of the canonization by the Constantinople Patriarchate are defined. Specific peculiarities of functioning the UGOC on Canadian territory, its ties with the same church in Ukraine are characterized. So, UGOC of Canada gave great significance to the spiritual union with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as UAOC), on it repeatedly stressed in its councils. UGOCC recognized itself as a part of the UAOC, headed by the Metropolitan Vasyl Lypkivsky. Particular attention is paid to internal conflicts in the interior of the Orthodox church. During the interwar period the discussion question of the canonicity of UGOC of Canada is remained, which Ivan Teodorovych and most of the members of the church`s council aspired to, but a part of the public activists led by V. Svystun was against the connection with the Constantinople Patriarchate and resanctifying the Archbishop, because it would mean «treason» of UAOC in Ukraine and the Kyivan canons of 1921. Therefore, the article analyzes the main problems of the building of the Ukrainian Orthodox church in Canada in the interwar period as well as the ways to solve them.
The article deals with the issues of formation of the professional ethics of the teacher-engineer according to past and contemporary views on the professional and ethical competence of the specialist. Modern teacher-engineer must possess not only pedagogical, technical, methodological, psychological knowledge and skills, but also skills of culture of communication, interpersonal interaction; readiness to adhere to the rules and rules of etiquette, possess a number of professionally important personal qualities, which determines the level of professional and personal culture of a specialist. The author notes that professional ethics is an applied direction of ethics as a scientific field of knowledge about moral and morality, which is a set of moral and ethical norms and rules that determine the specifics of professional behavior and professional activity of modern technical specialists. The purpose of the article is theoretical analysis of ethical problems of professional activity of modern engineering and pedagogical specialist in the context of historical development and formation of ethical and pedagogical ideas. In order to determine the methodology of research an analysis of the principles, approaches and methods of studying the mentioned problem (analysis, synthesis, comparison, comparison, etc.) was conducted on the basis of scientific and methodological information. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author has determined, theoretically substantiated and developed the complex of knowledge about the professional ethics of the personality, its essence, principles and components; knowledge of the content of professional ethics as a component of professional culture, stimulating the success of the professional activity of future teacher-engineer. The author makes conclusions that consideration of the genesis of ethical and pedagogical ideas is essential for the content of modern professional education, which is developing through humanization and democratization, introduces the principles ...
The article elucidates the internal problems of Uzbekistan among which one should mention the problem of poverty, mass unemployment, shortage of arable land and water resources, serious ecological problems. To a high degree these problems have been caused by a rapid growth of population. Uzbekistan tries to solve these problems by means of liberal market reforms and the multi-vector foreign policy developing political, economic and trade relations at the same time with different countries, in particular with China, the USA, the EU, Turkey, South Korea, Russia and other countries-members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It was shown that volumes of trade of Uzbekistan with the Western countries as well as the level of Western investments remain at least now not high. The conclusion is drawn that for the USA Uzbekistan presents the interest mainly in geopolitical, military and strategic aspects, especially now after the US troops left Afghanistan. The EU is more than the USA interested in developing the trade and economic relations with Uzbekistan. The new agreement between Uzbekistan and the EU on enlarged partnership and cooperation will create more favorable conditions for economic cooperation and trade, growth of European investments into economy of Uzbekistan. Nevertheless it seems that the factor of geographic remoteness of Uzbekistan from Europe will not make it possible for the EU countries to occupy the same place in external economic links of Uzbekistan as the countries-neighbours such as China, Russia and other countries-members of the EAEU. It is shown that China is the most important trade and economic partner of Uzbekistan. China considers Uzbekistan as the important transit country with transport corridors indispensable for transportation first of all of Chinese goods to the countries of Europe and other regions of the world. The Chinese investments into economy of Uzbekistan are constantly growing. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), in particular Russia and Kazakhstan, is also the most important trade and economic partner of Uzbekistan. Besides, Russia is the biggest labour market for millions of Uzbek migrant workers. Within the EAEU the common labour market was created, migrant workers who are citizens of the countries-members of the EAEU enjoy the social rights of the country of stay and may freely move over territories of the countries-members of the EAEU. This fact is especially important for Uzbekistan which is interested in improving living conditions of its migrant workers. Besides, as the facts show, the economic integration within the EAEU does not prevent the governments of the countries-members of the EAEU from developing intensive political and economic relations with different countries. Taking into account the complex of acute socio-economic, ecological and demographic problems facing Uzbekistan it seems that in the future one cannot completely exclude the possibility of membership of Uzbekistan in the EAEU especially if such a membership does not prevent the Uzbek government from pursuing the multi-vector foreign policy. The parliament of Uzbekistan approved the decision to obtain the status of observer at the EAEU. The EAEU granted this status to Uzbekistan in December 2020. ; В статті окреслені внутрішні проблеми Узбекистану, серед яких слід назвати проблему бідності, масового безробіття, нестачі сільськогосподарської землі і водних ресурсів, екологічні проблеми. Значною мірою ці проблеми обумовлені швидким зростанням населення. Узбекистан намагається вирішити ці проблеми шляхом ліберальних ринкових реформ та багатовекторної зовнішньої політики, розвиваючи одночасно політичні та торгово-економічні відносини з різними країнами, зокрема, з Китаєм, США, Євросоюзом, Туреччиною, Південною Кореєю, Росією та іншими країнами-членами Євразійського економічного союзу (ЄАЕС). В статті показано, що обсяги торгівлі Узбекистану із західними країнами, а також обсяги західних інвестицій в економіку цієї країни в цілому залишаються, принаймні зараз, невисокими. Робиться висновок, що для США Узбекистан є цікавим головним чином в геополітичному і військово-стратегічному аспектах, особливо зараз, після виводу американських військ із Афганістану. ЄС значно більше, ніж США, зацікавлений в розвитку торгово-економічних відносин з Узбекистаном. Нова угода між Узбекистаном і ЄС про розширене партнерство і співробітництво створить більш сприятливі умови для економічного співробітництва і торгівлі, зростання європейських інвестицій в економіку Узбекистану. Проте, здається, що фактор географічної віддаленості Узбекистану від Європи не дасть можливості країнам Євросоюзу займати таке ж провідне місце в зовнішньоекономічних відносинах Узбекистану, яке зараз займають сусідні Китай, Росія та інші країни-члени ЄАЕС. Показано, що найважливішим торгово-економічним партнером Узбекистану є Китай, який розглядає Узбекистан як важливу транзитну країну, через територію якої проходять транспортні коридори для транспортування, перш за все, китайських товарів в країни Європи та інші регіони світу. Китайські інвестиції в економіку Узбекистану невпинно зростають. Євразійський економічний союз (ЄАЕС), зокрема, такі його члени як Росія і Казахстан, також є для Узбекистану найважливішим торгово-економічним партнером. Крім того, Росія є головним ринком праці для мільйонів узбецьких трудових мігрантів. В межах ЄАЕС був створений єдиний ринок праці, трудові мігранти-громадяни країн-членів ЄАЕС користуються соціальними правами країни перебування та можуть вільно пересуватися територією країн-членів ЄАЕС. Ця обставина особливо важлива для Узбекистану, який зацікавлений в покращенні умов перебування своїх трудових мігрантів. Крім того, як свідчать факти, економічна інтеграція в межах ЄАЕС не перешкоджає урядам країн-членів ЄАЕС розвивати інтенсивні політичні і економічні відносини з різними країнами. Враховуючи всю низку гострих соціально-економічних, екологічних і демографічних проблем, які стоять перед Узбекистаном, думається, що в майбутньому неможливо повністю виключати членство Узбекистану в ЄАЕС, особливо, якщо таке членство не завадить узбецькому керівництву й надалі проводити багатовекторну зовнішню політику. Парламент Узбекистану схвалив рішення брати участь в роботі ЄАЕС в якості спостерігача. В грудні 2020р. ЄАЕС надав Узбекистану такий статус.
The aim of this paper is to show the essence of GR management as an important part of financial management. In this article the latest researches, focused on certain aspects of GR, are summarized. The author devotes significant attention to the role of the government as a key partner and agent on the market. In this research the importance of a wide rage of risks on the market is underlined and their impact on the corporate financing activities is shown. The author upholds different points of view concerning the essence of lobbying and its relation to GR. This paper is focused on comparison between different forms of GR, their types and directions.It is proved in this research, that relations between corporations and the government in XX century were developing in two opposite directions: on local and international levels.It is clear that financial contributions, made by the corporations during the election cycle, have significant impact on the government policy and give an opportunity to receive some benefits from the future government. Also, big law firms do have some influence on the government activities and in case if such actions can harm the interests of corporations they can sue an attorney for malpractice. The author shows the ways in which lobbying can serve as a very efficient tool to protect the interests of corporations, manipulate the government policy and initiate some changes in legislation.Also, the most important problems and specific features of strategic communications in terms of financial and environmental turmoils are explored. ; Целью данной статьи является анализ сущности GR-управления как составляющей части финансового менеджмента корпорации. В статье проведено сравнение различных форм GR, определены их виды и направления реализации. Выявлены проблемы и особенности стратегических коммуникаций в процессе достижения целей деятельности корпорации. ; Метою статті є аналіз сутності GR-управління як складової фінансового менеджменту корпорації. У статті проведено порівняння різних форм GR, визначено їх види та напрямки провадження. Окреслені проблеми та особливості стратегічних комунікацій у процесі досягнення цілей діяльності корпорації.
Problem setting. Today new generation of future military professionals must be prepared for professional activity and life in the ever-changing conditions of military affairs. Military activity is a specific type of activity. Therefore, higher military education should become school of high culture of thinking of future military specialists. The formation of a logical culture of the future military specialist and a holistic personality is inconceivable without the formation of professional thinking. One of the main shortcomings in the training of cadets is the problem of solving new technical problems. Recent research and publications analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis of scientific sources and expert assessment of the significance of components of the creative activity of military specialists professional thinking, the criteria for the development of each component and their indicators have been defined. This problem is considered by Zavalishin, Teplov, Yagupov, technical thinking (Kudryavtsev, Kulyutkin, Reshetnikov) and othes. Paper objective. In the research the theoretical basis and experimental study of peculiarities of the development of the logical component of future military specialists' professional thinking in the process of professional training in a higher education institution have been carried out. Paper main body. On the basis of theoretical analysis it has been determined that logical thinking is an important component of the professional skill of a specialist, which ensures the successful accomplishment of professional tasks, the adoption of optimal solutions in a certain area of activity, and it is the embodiment of the professional competences of the individual and the condition for his or her professional development. The paper deals with the problem of logical thinking as an important component of training military specialists in psychological and pedagogical sciences. The analysis of thinkingas a psychological cognitive process, in scientific works of foreign and native ...
The article is devoted to the problems of hostile takeovers in the agrarian sector of Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes of raiding and to develop provisions on effective state mechanisms to overcome this negative phenomenon. The author pays special attention to the solutions that will help agrarians to withstand raiding. Investigating the factors of raiding, there was the lack of a single state register of common agricultural land. According to the author, farmer`s non-acquaintance as well as the lack of information connections between different state bodies creates a situation in which farmers are not able to protect their own household. Consequently, further scientific developments should relate to the aspect on agricultural land`s data interchange. No less important reason for raiding is the lack of a free land market and a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. However, the author does not agree that cancellation of land moratorium will be a sufficient measure, because without proper legal and informational support, farmers can lose land due to the lack of conditions for the launch of a free land market. Of course, institutional changes are also important, that is, the launch and functioning of a body that will monitor the preservation of quality, quantity and use of land for their intended purpose. The author observes that it is necessary to define the meaning of the concept of "raidering" applying it into legislative. However, the above-mentioned measures will only be effective if corruption in state authorities, including in courts and law enforcement agencies will be defeated.
The article investigates the main features of the essence of the implementation of the customs policy of the state, finds its etymological nature and reflects the main theoretical and methodological positions of interpretation. The key aspects of the importance of customs policy in ensuring customs security and protecting customs interests are highlighted. The emphasis is placed on the need for a systematic and holistic approach to its implementation, taking into account the volatility of economic trends in the external and internal environment. The main problem aspects that influence its realization from the standpoint of both state authorities and the scientific community are singled out. The corresponding format has formed blocks of tasks, the implementation of which will contribute to an adequate and modern reflection of the role of the state customs service in the modern socio–economic discourse of Ukraine, and will allow fully and effectively respond to global challenges in protecting the customs interests of the state.
The value of epistolary genre as an important source of studying the history of public, state, political idea, Ukrainian culture and history of development of the pedagogical opinion in different historical periods, in particular, the problems of study and education is revealed in the article. The ideas of the paternal pedagogics are grounded on the example of studying the letters of famous personalities, contribution of their authors to the development of the pedagogics, theory and practice of education and self-education. The attempt to prove that epistolary genre is an important source of historical-pedagogical researchesis done. ; У статті розкривається значення епістолярного жанру як важливого джерела вивчення історії суспільної, державної, політичної думки, української культури та історії розвитку педагогічної думки різних історичних періодів, зокрема, проблем навчання і виховання. На прикладі вивчення листів відомих особистостей розкриваються ідеї батьківської педагогіки, внесок їх авторів у розвиток педагогіки, теорії і практики виховання й самовиховання. Зроблено спробу доведення, що епістолярний жанр є важливим джерелом історико – педагогічних досліджень.
Local government is an important foundation of any democratic regime. In carrying out the functions and tasks assigned to local governments is crucial to ensure their autonomy and independence. One of the components of the local financial institutions are local borrowing.
