Suchergebnisse
106 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
SSRN
Working paper
Motivated Reasoning in Political Information Processing: The Death Knell of Deliberative Democracy?
In: Philosophy of the social sciences: an international journal = Philosophie des sciences sociales, Band 42, Heft 4, S. 511-542
ISSN: 1552-7441
In this article, I discuss what motivated reasoning research tells us about the prospects for deliberative democracy. In section I, I introduce the results of several political psychology studies examining the problematic affective and cognitive processing of political information by individuals in nondeliberative, experimental environments. This is useful because these studies are often neglected in political philosophy literature. Section II has three stages. First, I sketch how the study results from section I question the practical viability of deliberative democracy. Second, I briefly present the results of three empirical studies of political deliberation that can be interpreted to counter the findings of the studies in section I. Third, I show why this is a misinterpretation and that the study results from section I mean that it is implausible that sites of political deliberation would naturally emerge from the wide public sphere and coalesce into institutionalized forms of the practice such that deliberative democracy can satisfy its raison d'être. Finally, in section III, I conclude that viable conceptions of deliberative democracy should be limited to narrower aims.
Motivated Reasoning, Political Sophistication, and Associations between President Obama and Islam
In: PS: political science & politics, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 449-455
AbstractRecent polls reveal that between 20% and 25% of Americans erroneously indicate that President Obama is a Muslim. In this article, we compare individuals' explicit responses on a survey about religion and politics with reaction time data from an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to investigate whether individuals truly associate Obama with Islam or are motivated reasoners who simply express negativity about the president when given the opportunity. Our results suggest that predispositions such as ideology, partisanship, and race affect how citizens feel about Obama, which in turn motivates them to accept misinformation about the president. We also find that these implicit associations increase the probability of stating that Obama is likely a Muslim. Interestingly, political sophistication does not appear to inoculate citizens from exposure to misinformation, as they exhibit the same IAT effect as less knowledgeable individuals.
Motivated reasoning, political sophistication, and associations between President Obama and Islam
In: PS: political science & politics, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 449-455
ISSN: 0030-8269, 1049-0965
World Affairs Online
Motivated Reasoning and Political Parties: Evidence for Increased Processing in the Face of Party Cues
In: Political behavior, Band 35, Heft 4, S. 831-854
ISSN: 1573-6687
Extant research in political science has demonstrated that citizens' opinions on policies are influenced by their attachment to the party sponsoring them. At the same time, little evidence exists illuminating the psychological processes through which such party cues are filtered. From the psychological literature on source cues, we derive two possible hypotheses: (1) party cues activate heuristic processing aimed at minimizing the processing effort during opinion formation, and (2) party cues activate group motivational processes that compel citizens to support the position of their party. As part of the latter processes, the presence of party cues would make individuals engage in effortful motivated reasoning to produce arguments for the correctness of their party's position. Following psychological research, we use response latency to measure processing effort and, in support of the motivated reasoning hypothesis, demonstrate that across student and nationally representative samples, the presence of party cues increases processing effort. Adapted from the source document.
Motivated Reasoning and Political Parties: Evidence for Increased Processing in the Face of Party Cues
In: Political behavior, Band 35, Heft 4, S. 831-854
ISSN: 0190-9320
Motivated Reasoning and Political Parties: Evidence for Increased Processing in the Face of Party Cues
In: Political behavior, Band 35, Heft 4, S. 831-854
ISSN: 1573-6687
The Constitution on Trial: Article III's Jury Trial Provision, Originalism, and the Problem of Motivated Reasoning
In: Santa Clara Law Review, Band 52, Heft 2
SSRN
Boomerang Effects in Science Communication: How Motivated Reasoning and Identity Cues Amplify Opinion Polarization About Climate Mitigation Policies
In: Communication research, Band 39, Heft 6, S. 701-723
ISSN: 1552-3810
The deficit-model of science communication assumes increased communication about science issues will move public opinion toward the scientific consensus. However, in the case of climate change, public polarization about the issue has increased in recent years, not diminished. In this study, we draw from theories of motivated reasoning, social identity, and persuasion to examine how science-based messages may increase public polarization on controversial science issues such as climate change. Exposing 240 adults to simulated news stories about possible climate change health impacts on different groups, we found the influence of identification with potential victims was contingent on participants' political partisanship. This partisanship increased the degree of political polarization on support for climate mitigation policies and resulted in a boomerang effect among Republican participants. Implications for understanding the role of motivated reasoning within the context of science communication are discussed.
Electoral Consequences of Political Rumors: Motivated Reasoning, Candidate Rumors, and Vote Choice during the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
In: International journal of public opinion research, Band 26, Heft 4, S. 401-422
ISSN: 1471-6909
The Wished‐For Always Wins Until the Winner Was Inevitable All Along: Motivated Reasoning and Belief Bias Regulate Emotion During Elections
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 36, Heft 4, S. 431-448
ISSN: 1467-9221
How do biases affect political information processing? A variant of the Wason selection task, which tests for confirmation bias, was used to characterize how the dynamics of the recent U.S. presidential election affected how people reasoned about political information. Participants were asked to evaluate pundit‐style conditional claims like "The incumbent always wins in a year when unemployment drops" either immediately before or immediately after the 2012 presidential election. A three‐way interaction between ideology, predicted winner (whether the proposition predicted that Obama or Romney would win), and the time of test indicated complex effects of bias on reasoning. Before the election, there was partial evidence of motivated reasoning—liberals performed especially well at looking for falsifying information when the pundit's claim predicted Romney would win. After the election, once the outcome was known, there was evidence of a belief bias—people sought to falsify claims that were inconsistent with the real‐world outcome rather than their ideology. These results suggest that people seek to implicitly regulate emotion when reasoning about political predictions. Before elections, people like to think their preferred candidate will win. After elections, people like to think the winner was inevitable all along.
SSRN
Working paper
The Policy Consequences of Motivated Information Processing Among the Partisan Elite
An analysis of U.S. budgetary changes shows that, among subaccounts that are cut, Democrats make more large cuts when they control more lawmaking institutions. This surprising finding is consistent with legislators who are subject to motivated reasoning. In an information-rich world, they disproportionately respond to information in line with their bias unless they must make a large accuracy correction. This article tests, for the first time, motivated information processing among legislators. It finds evidence that Democrats engage in motivated information processing and that the effects of it are felt more on social spending and in off-election years.
BASE
The Supreme Court 2010 Term - Foreword: Neutral Principles, Motivated Cognition, and Some Problems for Constitutional Law
In: Harvard Law Review, Band 125
SSRN
Working paper
The Affective Tipping Point: Do Motivated Reasoners Ever "Get It"?
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 31, Heft 4, S. 563-593
ISSN: 1467-9221