The author claims that we are living in a time of formal democracy & multipartyism. He advocates a thesis that the Croatian government tolerates the opposition but at the same time deligitimizes it & renders it untrustworthy. The government does not rule by the book & has no systematic ideology. Thus three types of opposition are immanent to it: the one that leads into totalitarianism, the one that strives towards democracy, & finally the one that is given to internal reforms. The key condition for the success of the move towards democracy in Croatia is in countering nationalism & in coexistence within a heterogeneous society with a functional elite & interdependence as a principle. Adapted from the source document.
Results from this study show that the slowest to move back into their pre-war homes have been the Serbians. More than 70% of the citizens of B&H are ready to return to their homes. Concerning human rights, more than half of the population believes that basic human rights are not respected in B&H. The author claims that the war has triggered major demographic population shifts & led to a dramatic decline in basic civil & human rights. However, the results of the study give rise to some optimism since it has shown that only a tiny percentage of people do not accept B&H as their common state. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
Results from this study show that the slowest to move back into their pre-war homes have been the Serbians. More than 70% of the citizens of B&H are ready to return to their homes. Concerning human rights, more than half of the population believes that basic human rights are not respected in B&H. The author claims that the war has triggered major demographic population shifts & led to a dramatic decline in basic civil & human rights. However, the results of the study give rise to some optimism since it has shown that only a tiny percentage of people do not accept B&H as their common state. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
Koji se motiv krije u pozadini skupe i obvezatne tranzicije u smjeru digitalne zemaljske televizije u državi s nekoliko kanala koji pokrivaju cjelokupan teritorij, a svi su u vlasništvu javnog medijskog servisa? Ovaj rad nastoji dati dubinski uvid u začetke te tranzicije i njezin širi zamah prema digitalizaciji Doordarshana, indijskog javnog medijskog servisa. Oslanjajući se na institucionalne pristupe koji pomažu razjasniti zašto određeni interesi imaju prioritet u odnosu na druge, ovaj članak razotkriva što se zapravo krije iza službenog objašnjenjenja prelaska na digitalno emitiranje u Indiji. Autori zaključuju kako će za marginalizirane društvene skupine, za koje je Doordarshan jedini pristupačan pružatelj TV usluga, ta obvezatna tranzicija predstavljati najveći izazov. Osim toga, prelazak na digitalni zemaljski prijem signala nije vođen javnim interesom koji uključuje unapređenje kvalitete sadržaja, što bi za Doordarshan mogao biti ključni mehanizam pridobivanja gledateljstva izgubljenog zbog privatnih satelitskih kanala. ; In a country with few channels occupying the terrestrial space – all of which are owned by the public broadcaster – what is the rationale behind the expensive and mandatory transition to digital terrestrial television? This paper undertakes a hard look at the incorporation of this transition in the wider moves towards digitalization by Doordarshan, India's public broadcaster. Drawing on approaches in institutionalism that aid unraveling why certain interests get prioritized over others, the paper unmasks the official reasoning justifying the digital switchover in India. The paper infers that the marginal sections of society, for whom Doordarshan is the sole affordable TV outlet, will be the most challenged by this mandatory transition. Moreover, the move to terrestrial digital broadcasting is not guided by public interest values like enhancing diverse content, which could be the key mechanism for Doordarshan to regain the viewership it has lost to private satellite channels.
This paper argues that various EU policy initiatives towards the Western Balkans in the period of 1990-1999 did not in fact encourage the Western Balkans to move on and secure quicker integration into the European Union. They also failed to support reforms in the political, economic and social spheres. In addition, EU initiatives were too ineffective in terms of development of regional cooperation among countries of the region. Thus, new models were -- and still are -- needed if the EU remains committed to further enlargement in the Western Balkans. The author proposes development of a euro-region in the Western Balkans. In this way, countries of the Western Balkans would be encouraged to collaborate in applying for EU funding, which would support other forms of cooperation. However, since the funds are now restricted, it is more likely that even this approach would have only limited success. Adapted from the source document.
This paper argues that various EU policy initiatives towards the Western Balkans in the period of 1990-1999 did not in fact encourage the Western Balkans to move on and secure quicker integration into the European Union. They also failed to support reforms in the political, economic and social spheres. In addition, EU initiatives were too ineffective in terms of development of regional cooperation among countries of the region. Thus, new models were -- and still are -- needed if the EU remains committed to further enlargement in the Western Balkans. The author proposes development of a euro-region in the Western Balkans. In this way, countries of the Western Balkans would be encouraged to collaborate in applying for EU funding, which would support other forms of cooperation. However, since the funds are now restricted, it is more likely that even this approach would have only limited success. Adapted from the source document.
Haberle claims constitutional law is a comparative experiential science closely linked with political science with which it shares the research subject. The constitutional state has been going through a permanent process of changes; the central question is who is the prime mover of constitutional changes: constitutional/legal institutions, constitutional/legal science, & political science or public opinion & political culture of citizens? By analyzing the recent history of the changes of the German constitutions he suggests that all these factors contribute to constitutional changes. Nevertheless, as an expert for law & political science, who considers himself as belonging to the wider European scientific community, Haberle thinks that the decisive influences in constitutional changes stem from legal & political sciences & concludes: Sine qua (scientia) mortalium vita non regitur liberaliter (Without science, mortals do not command their life freely). Adapted from the source document.
Snažno gospodarsko i demografsko zaostajanje dulje je vrijeme jedno od temeljnih razvojnih obilježja perifernih krških područja Hrvatske. Zbog spomenutih obilježja glavni je cilj rada istražiti stavove studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu o razvojnim potencijalima tih krajeva. Anketnim upitnikom na kvotnom uzorku od 490 studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu ispitivana je spremnost ispitanika za povratak ili preseljenje u te krajeve, kao i veza između iskazane spremnosti i njihove osobne povezanosti s tim krajevima rođenjem ili porijeklom. Također su identificirane gospodarske djelatnosti i nositelji razvoja koje ispitanici smatraju ključnima u procesu revitalizacije problemskih krških područja. Naposljetku su analizirana predviđanja ispitanika povezana s budućim razvojem tih krajeva. Rezultati upućuju na višeslojno poimanje prostora. Utvrđena je niska razina spremnosti ispitanika za povratak ili useljenje u navedena područja, pri čemu su ispitanici koji su za ove krajeve vezani mjestom rođenja ili porijekla značajno više razmišljali o povratku ili preseljenju. Kao gospodarske djelatnosti ključne za revitalizaciju ispitanici su izdvojili ruralni turizam i ekološku poljoprivredu, a kao najprihvatljivije nositelje razvoja jedinice regionalne samouprave i središnju državnu vlast. Također, ispitanici prevladavajuće negativno predviđaju budućnost hrvatskih perifernih krških krajeva. ; Lagging behind in economic and demographic development has been one of the fundamental features of Croatian peripheral karst areas for a long time. For that reason, the main research goal of this paper was to analyse attitudes of students from the University of Zagreb regarding the revitalisation potential for Croatian peripheral karst areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted using quota sampling, whereby 490 students were included. The willingness of respondents to return or move to peripheral karst areas was examined, as well as the association between the respondents' stated willingness and connection to these areas by place of birth or origin. Furthermore, economic activities that respondents saw as crucial to the revitalisation processes of karst problem areas were identified. Respondents' views on the possible future development of peripheral karst areas were also analysed. The results point to multi-faceted views of the area. A low level of willingness to return or move to peripheral karst areas on the part of the respondents was determined, whereby respondents, who were linked with peripheral karst areas by birthplace or origin, considered moving or returning to these areas significantly more. Rural tourism and organic agriculture were seen as the most important economic activities in the process of revitalisation. Regional self-government units and central state government were defined by respondents as most important actors in the process of revitalisation. Finally, respondents' predictions about the future of peripheral karst areas were predominantly negative.
Departing from the criticisms that have been raised towards the volume Comparing Media Systems (Hallin and Mancini, 2004) I'll try to discuss which consequences the adoption of the "concept" of system may imply for media studies, what its advantages are and what risks. The first part of the article is devoted to discussing how and when the notion of "system" has been used in political science starting from the work of Easton, Almond and Powell and many others. I'll try to highlight which are the main points of strength and weakness and which definitions have been used. Then I'll move to the field of communication studies: here I'll show how there has been a shift from the study of the effects of the message towards a more general approach linking the media to the surrounding context. I will focus mainly on the work of Blumler and Gurvitch who have been among the first scholars to use such a concept in political communication comparative research. Particular attention will be devoted to the discussion of the notion of "system" as deriving from system theory and functionalist approach. The last part of the text is devoted to discussing similarities and differences in the use that political scientists and media scholars have made of the concept of "system". Adapted from the source document.
The paper analyzes the structure of Stjepan Radic's ideological attitudes, based on an unpublished text -- a letter to the leadership of the Peasants' International -- which served as an overture to the possible membership of HRSS in that procommunist international organization. The paper also includes the original text by Radic. The author claims that the increased interest of the Communist International for winning over HRSS was in the function of a gradual breakup of the unity of interests of the Croatian people & curtailment of the influence of HRSS ideology & policies. The strategic aim of the Communist International was the bolshevization of the Balkans & the Danubian region, for which it advocated the disbandment of the South Slavonic federation & the creation of a Balkan or Balkan-Danubian federation of the Soviet Socialist Republics, including the Soviet Republic of Croatia. The central part of the text is devoted to the analysis of Stjepan Radic's ideological attitudes. He upheld the unity of interests of the Croatian people under the leadership of peasants & the principle of an independent & nationally sovereign state of the Croatian people, & he was in favor of a confederal relationship of Croatia with Serbia & other South Slavonic states. The Peasants' International was only a tactical move exacted by the existing relationships in the South Slavonic monarchy & Europe in general. Adapted from the source document.
Rad analizira vanjsku politiku Sjedinjenih Američkih Država u mandatu 45. predsjednika Donalda Trumpa, točnije u periodu od 2017. – 2021.g. Glavno istraživačko pitanje propituje u kojoj mjeri su kontroverzne odluke i nepredvidivi potezi predsjednika utjecale na položaj SAD-a u međunarodnim odnosima. Temeljna pretpostavka je da su upravo nepredvidivost, ishitrenost i često neprofesionalnost američkog predsjednika šokirale međunarodnu arenu te oslabile položaj SAD-a. S obzirom na kompleksnost teme u ovome radu neće se analizirati sve vanjskopolitičke odluke jer to iziskuje puno veći prostor već će se analizirati samo odluke koje su najviše utjecale na promjenu položaja SAD-a. ; The paper analyzes the foreign policy of the United States during the mandate of the 45th president Donald Trump, more precisely from 2017 till 2021. The main question is whether and if so how much influence did the controversial decisions and unpredictable moves done by the president have on the position of the United States in international relations. The main hypothesis is that the unpredictable, rash and unprofessional decisions and actions of the American president have shocked the global international arena and therefore have weakened the US position in it. Due to the complexity of the subject, the paper does not analyze all foreign policies of president Trump but instead it focuses on actions that had the greatest impact on the US position in the international order.
Autor u radu preispituje temeljne koncepte klasičnih teorija političkog odlučivanja i njihove usporedbe s donošenjem odluka tijekom rata. Obrađuju se dvije pionirske teorije političkog odlučivanja: ograničena racionalnost i inkrementalizam. Sukladno tome, autor prvo izlaže teorijski okvir u kojem opisuje prethodno navedene teorije te iznosi njihove temeljne koncepte. Potom se autor bavi vanjskom i obrambenom politikom te odlučivanjem u ratu, s fokusom na temeljne postulate rata Carla von Clausewitza. Nakon toga autor daje raspravu u kojoj preispituje sličnosti koncepata klasičnih teorija odlučivanja s temeljnim postulatima rata. U zaključku autor iznosi stajalište da se koncepti ograničene racionalnosti više podudaraju s postulatima rata nego inkrementalizam. ; The author of the paper examines the fundamental concepts of classical theories of political decision-making and comparisons with decision-making during wartime. Two theories at the forefront are examined: bounded rationality and incrementalism. In accordance with that, a theoretical construct is first conveyed and used to describe the aforementioned theories, as well as their fundamental concepts. Then, the author moves onto foreign and defense policy, as well as decision-making during wartime, focusing on Carl von Clausewitz's key postulates of war. This is followed by a discussion about the similarities between the classical concepts of decision-making and the basic postulates of war. To conclude, the author expresses the standpoint that the concepts of bounded rationality are more in keeping with the postulates of war than is the case with incrementalism.
U radu se propituje i analizira utjecaj terorističkih napada na oblikovanje protuterorističke politike EU-a. Provedeno istraživanje uključuje kvalitativnu analizu sadržaja primarnih izvora EU-a u recentnom razdoblju (2015. – 2016.). Rezultati ukazuju na pomicanje protuterorističke politike EU-a na kontinuumu od "mekog" prema "tvrdom" obliku moći ubrzanim donošenjem sve restriktivnijih sigurnosnih mjera. Pokazalo se također kako egzogene krize manifestirane počinjenim terorističkim napadima na tlu EU-a u značajnoj mjeri utječu na endogeni institucionalni razvoj EU-a, koji je primarno fokusiran na rješavanje posljedica, a u manjoj mjeri na etiologiju nastanka i razvoja radikalizacije i terorističkog djelovanja. Rad pridonosi razumijevanju političkih odluka i institucionalnih promjena koje utječu na razvoj protuterorističkog prostora u EU. ; This paper examines and analyses the impact of terrorist attacks on the formation of the EU counter-terrorism policy. The conducted research includes a qualitative content analysis of the EU primary sources in the recent period (2015 – 2016). The results indicate how the EU counter-terrorism policy moves on the continuum from "soft" toward "hard" power, where security measures are more restrictive than ever before. This research also demonstrates how exogenous crises manifested through terrorist attacks committed on the EU territory significantly affect the endogenous institutional development of the EU, which is primarily focused on dealing with terrorism-related consequences and to a lesser extent with the aetiology of the origin and development of radicalization and terrorism. This paper contributes to the understanding of the political decision-making and institutional changes that influence the development of the EU counter-terrorism area.
Jedan od najdugotrajnijih sukoba u povijesti američke vanjske politike onaj je između Kube i SAD-a. Neke su američke vlade bile više sklone Kubi, dok su neke bile puno opreznije i u potpunosti nesklone bilo kakvim pregovorima. Od prekida diplomatskih odnosa iz 1961. godine SAD Kubi najviše zamjera oduzimanje imovine koju su potom kubanske vlasti nacionalizirale nakon Revolucije, što je dovelo do ekonomskog embarga na uvoz svih roba s Kube. Pozitivni pomaci u zatopljenju odnosa pojavili su se u razdoblju Carterove administracije te se nastavili u doba predsjednika Clintona. Bush Mlađi ne samo da je zadržao postojeće odnose hladnima nego ih je dodatno zahladio raznim zabranama Kubi. Obamina administracija naznačila je promjene koje su dovele do intenzivnih pregovora, pod pokroviteljstvom pape Franje, te do ponovne uspostave diplomatskih odnosa između te dvije zemlje. ; One of the longest lasting conflicts in the history of the United States foreign policy is the one with Cuba. Some US governments were more inclined to Cuba, while others were more cautious or even unwilling to engage in any negotiations. Since suspension of diplomatic relations in 1961, one of the most important objections of the United States was against expropriation and nationalisation of property after the evolution, which resulted in economic embargo on all imports from Cuba. Positive moves in direction of warming of relations appeared during carter administration, and continued during Pre-sident Clinton. Bush Jr. made existing relations even colder by imposing on Cuba additional restrictions. Obama's administration has introduced changes which resulted in intensive negotiations under the patronage of Pope Francis, and which led to reestablishment of diplomatic relations between the two co-untries.
U usporedbi s drugim pričama u knjizi Dablinci, priči "Pansion" pridavalo se relativno malo pozornosti. Jedan od razloga jest njezina očita jednostavnost u odnosu na druge priče u ovoj knjizi. To je, naizgled, stara priča, poput narodne, o tome kako spletkarske majka i kći prevare naivnoga muškarca. Namjera je ovoga rada demonstrirati uistinu profinjenu strategiju pripovijedanja, kako se "varanje" Boba Dorana najbolje razumijeva u usporedbi sa serijom drugih duplikata, dvojnika, priča koje ju dopunjuju te kroz takvo štivo ponuditi objašnjenje seksualne/tekstualne politike u priči "Pansion". S tim ciljem autor je krenuo od širokih razmatranja ove priče i konteksta djela kao cjeline, progresivno do posebnih koncepata pripovijedanja i jezika, završavajući s gramatičkim ispitivanjem jedne riječi. ; Compared with many of the stories in Dubliners, "The Boarding House" has received relatively little attention. This is due perhaps to its apparent "simplicity" when compared with the other stories in the volume. It is, on the surface, an old story, the folktale-like tricking of the naive male by a scheming mother and daughter. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate just how sophisticated the narrative strategy really is, how the "duping" of Bob Doran is best read against/within a series of other duplications, or doublings, or counterparts, and through such a reading to offer an explication of the sexual/textual politics of "The Boarding House." In order to do this I move from a broad consideration of the story in the context of the volume as a whole to a progressively more particular concern with narrative and language, ending with the grammatical interrogation of one word.
