Suchergebnisse

First introduced by the Maastricht Treaty, and subsequently revised by the Amsterdam Treaty, European Union (EU) citizenship long remained an empty promise. Even if it did not offer much in terms of new rights at first, EU citizenship has now become a key element of the rising European polity. Recently, indeed, and thanks primarily to the European Court of Justice's (ECJ) case-law and its codification in Directive 2004/38/EC on the rights of movement and residence of EU citizens and their family, things have started to change. European citizenship is slowly becoming a direct source of rights outside the economic context. This academic master work explores the right of economically inactive EU citizens to move and reside freely within the territory of European Union. The main purpose of this work is to review the existing and potential extension as well as challenges to the principle of free movement of economically inactive EU citizens. Part I of this work highlights the principle of EU citizenship as an independent source of rights of economically inactive people. This part explores the material scope of free movement rights concentrating on the added value of Articles 17-18 EC: whether the new provisions introduce an autonomous and directly effective right to move and reside in a Member State; whether Article 17 and 18 change the law as it relates to 'wholly internal situations'; whether Articles 17 and 18 contribute to the creation of new substantive rights for EU nationals who are neither economically active nor economically self-sufficient; what are the limits and tendencies of these rights. It is also analyzed what the impact of the recent legal developments in the freedom of movement dimension, such as the ECJ case law and the new Directive 2004/38/EC, is. Part II focuses on the tension between freedom of movement for economically inactive people and the principle of social solidarity. Three categories of economically inactive people are examined, the first concerning access to social assistance for non-workers, the second concerning access to social or educational assistance for students, and the third concerning access to various kinds of job-seeker's allowance for persons seeking work. Here the principle of non-discrimination is highlighted as having huge impact to social rights of economically inactive EU citizens. Separate section is taken for the exploration of potentialities and limits of social citizenship.

First introduced by the Maastricht Treaty, and subsequently revised by the Amsterdam Treaty, European Union (EU) citizenship long remained an empty promise. Even if it did not offer much in terms of new rights at first, EU citizenship has now become a key element of the rising European polity. Recently, indeed, and thanks primarily to the European Court of Justice's (ECJ) case-law and its codification in Directive 2004/38/EC on the rights of movement and residence of EU citizens and their family, things have started to change. European citizenship is slowly becoming a direct source of rights outside the economic context. This academic master work explores the right of economically inactive EU citizens to move and reside freely within the territory of European Union. The main purpose of this work is to review the existing and potential extension as well as challenges to the principle of free movement of economically inactive EU citizens. Part I of this work highlights the principle of EU citizenship as an independent source of rights of economically inactive people. This part explores the material scope of free movement rights concentrating on the added value of Articles 17-18 EC: whether the new provisions introduce an autonomous and directly effective right to move and reside in a Member State; whether Article 17 and 18 change the law as it relates to 'wholly internal situations'; whether Articles 17 and 18 contribute to the creation of new substantive rights for EU nationals who are neither economically active nor economically self-sufficient; what are the limits and tendencies of these rights. It is also analyzed what the impact of the recent legal developments in the freedom of movement dimension, such as the ECJ case law and the new Directive 2004/38/EC, is. Part II focuses on the tension between freedom of movement for economically inactive people and the principle of social solidarity. Three categories of economically inactive people are examined, the first concerning access to social assistance for non-workers, the second concerning access to social or educational assistance for students, and the third concerning access to various kinds of job-seeker's allowance for persons seeking work. Here the principle of non-discrimination is highlighted as having huge impact to social rights of economically inactive EU citizens. Separate section is taken for the exploration of potentialities and limits of social citizenship.

In the first decade of independence of interwar Lithuania, propaganda as purposeful and ideologically coherent spread of own ideas was used mostly by political movements of that time. Political propaganda became a prerogative of political regime just after the state's takeover on December 17, 1926, when the power was usurped by the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona. This regime implemented two successful propaganda campaigns: The Move of Vilnius Repossession and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary. The political regime was not the ideological author of those campaigns, but successfully adopted the ideas grown in the Lithuanian nationalism discourse, which echoed the objectives of nationalistic political regime. By the Move of Vilnius Repossession it was tried to instil to the Lithuanian society that Vilnius is the Lithuanian town and the true capital of Lithuania in defiance of political realities (the town was under the Poland power in 1920-1939) and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary (1930) helped to create the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (1350-1430) cult that was used to legitimize the authoritarian regime of that time. The last-mentioned campaign also served for predication of Lithuania's rights to Vilnius.

In the first decade of independence of interwar Lithuania, propaganda as purposeful and ideologically coherent spread of own ideas was used mostly by political movements of that time. Political propaganda became a prerogative of political regime just after the state's takeover on December 17, 1926, when the power was usurped by the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona. This regime implemented two successful propaganda campaigns: The Move of Vilnius Repossession and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary. The political regime was not the ideological author of those campaigns, but successfully adopted the ideas grown in the Lithuanian nationalism discourse, which echoed the objectives of nationalistic political regime. By the Move of Vilnius Repossession it was tried to instil to the Lithuanian society that Vilnius is the Lithuanian town and the true capital of Lithuania in defiance of political realities (the town was under the Poland power in 1920-1939) and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary (1930) helped to create the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (1350-1430) cult that was used to legitimize the authoritarian regime of that time. The last-mentioned campaign also served for predication of Lithuania's rights to Vilnius.

In the first decade of independence of interwar Lithuania, propaganda as purposeful and ideologically coherent spread of own ideas was used mostly by political movements of that time. Political propaganda became a prerogative of political regime just after the state's takeover on December 17, 1926, when the power was usurped by the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona. This regime implemented two successful propaganda campaigns: The Move of Vilnius Repossession and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary. The political regime was not the ideological author of those campaigns, but successfully adopted the ideas grown in the Lithuanian nationalism discourse, which echoed the objectives of nationalistic political regime. By the Move of Vilnius Repossession it was tried to instil to the Lithuanian society that Vilnius is the Lithuanian town and the true capital of Lithuania in defiance of political realities (the town was under the Poland power in 1920-1939) and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary (1930) helped to create the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (1350-1430) cult that was used to legitimize the authoritarian regime of that time. The last-mentioned campaign also served for predication of Lithuania's rights to Vilnius.

In the first decade of independence of interwar Lithuania, propaganda as purposeful and ideologically coherent spread of own ideas was used mostly by political movements of that time. Political propaganda became a prerogative of political regime just after the state's takeover on December 17, 1926, when the power was usurped by the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona. This regime implemented two successful propaganda campaigns: The Move of Vilnius Repossession and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary. The political regime was not the ideological author of those campaigns, but successfully adopted the ideas grown in the Lithuanian nationalism discourse, which echoed the objectives of nationalistic political regime. By the Move of Vilnius Repossession it was tried to instil to the Lithuanian society that Vilnius is the Lithuanian town and the true capital of Lithuania in defiance of political realities (the town was under the Poland power in 1920-1939) and The Campaign of Vytautas Magnus Anniversary (1930) helped to create the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (1350-1430) cult that was used to legitimize the authoritarian regime of that time. The last-mentioned campaign also served for predication of Lithuania's rights to Vilnius.

As the population grows consumer habits and the pace of life makes people use as much as possible. Various electrical and electronic equipments require a lot of raw materials, energy. They are made of rare metals and critical raw materials. The shorter lifetime of products increases the number of electronics waste. Complex recycling is a loss of raw materials. European Union directives not only encourage Union Members to manage waste responsibly and move to a circular economy but also to move towards the use of renewable energy sources. The objective of this master's thesis is to analyze the life cycle of photovoltaic water heating system controller, to assess the environmental impact and to propose solutions to reduce that impact. This work aims to contribute to the goals of sustainable development, reducing energy consumption, changing hazardous materials to non-hazardous, using renewable energy and managing waste properly. The statistical researches were collected, scientific and practical literature, current legal requirements were analyzed, environmental impact assessment of the controller was carried out, according to the life cycle assessment methodology, according to the ecodesign methodology and solutions for controller improvement were proposed in this work. The work involved the production, use phase, disassembly and arrangement of the controller and its components. Assessing the controller life cycle the results are as follows: the greatest environmental impact is at the stage of use of the controller. After ecological design the environmental impact is reduced by 13,4 %, in use - by 30.5%.

As the population grows consumer habits and the pace of life makes people use as much as possible. Various electrical and electronic equipments require a lot of raw materials, energy. They are made of rare metals and critical raw materials. The shorter lifetime of products increases the number of electronics waste. Complex recycling is a loss of raw materials. European Union directives not only encourage Union Members to manage waste responsibly and move to a circular economy but also to move towards the use of renewable energy sources. The objective of this master's thesis is to analyze the life cycle of photovoltaic water heating system controller, to assess the environmental impact and to propose solutions to reduce that impact. This work aims to contribute to the goals of sustainable development, reducing energy consumption, changing hazardous materials to non-hazardous, using renewable energy and managing waste properly. The statistical researches were collected, scientific and practical literature, current legal requirements were analyzed, environmental impact assessment of the controller was carried out, according to the life cycle assessment methodology, according to the ecodesign methodology and solutions for controller improvement were proposed in this work. The work involved the production, use phase, disassembly and arrangement of the controller and its components. Assessing the controller life cycle the results are as follows: the greatest environmental impact is at the stage of use of the controller. After ecological design the environmental impact is reduced by 13,4 %, in use - by 30.5%.

As the population grows consumer habits and the pace of life makes people use as much as possible. Various electrical and electronic equipments require a lot of raw materials, energy. They are made of rare metals and critical raw materials. The shorter lifetime of products increases the number of electronics waste. Complex recycling is a loss of raw materials. European Union directives not only encourage Union Members to manage waste responsibly and move to a circular economy but also to move towards the use of renewable energy sources. The objective of this master's thesis is to analyze the life cycle of photovoltaic water heating system controller, to assess the environmental impact and to propose solutions to reduce that impact. This work aims to contribute to the goals of sustainable development, reducing energy consumption, changing hazardous materials to non-hazardous, using renewable energy and managing waste properly. The statistical researches were collected, scientific and practical literature, current legal requirements were analyzed, environmental impact assessment of the controller was carried out, according to the life cycle assessment methodology, according to the ecodesign methodology and solutions for controller improvement were proposed in this work. The work involved the production, use phase, disassembly and arrangement of the controller and its components. Assessing the controller life cycle the results are as follows: the greatest environmental impact is at the stage of use of the controller. After ecological design the environmental impact is reduced by 13,4 %, in use - by 30.5%.

As the population grows consumer habits and the pace of life makes people use as much as possible. Various electrical and electronic equipments require a lot of raw materials, energy. They are made of rare metals and critical raw materials. The shorter lifetime of products increases the number of electronics waste. Complex recycling is a loss of raw materials. European Union directives not only encourage Union Members to manage waste responsibly and move to a circular economy but also to move towards the use of renewable energy sources. The objective of this master's thesis is to analyze the life cycle of photovoltaic water heating system controller, to assess the environmental impact and to propose solutions to reduce that impact. This work aims to contribute to the goals of sustainable development, reducing energy consumption, changing hazardous materials to non-hazardous, using renewable energy and managing waste properly. The statistical researches were collected, scientific and practical literature, current legal requirements were analyzed, environmental impact assessment of the controller was carried out, according to the life cycle assessment methodology, according to the ecodesign methodology and solutions for controller improvement were proposed in this work. The work involved the production, use phase, disassembly and arrangement of the controller and its components. Assessing the controller life cycle the results are as follows: the greatest environmental impact is at the stage of use of the controller. After ecological design the environmental impact is reduced by 13,4 %, in use - by 30.5%.

The article states that membership in the EU results in the Europeanization of organized interests & learning process, through which three types of interests -- business, labor & public interest groups -- make their decisions on how to extend their lobbying activities to the EU. Europeanization, which stands for the adoption of values, policy styles & knowledge by the EU-based interest community, is viewed as a major source of organizational change in the system of Lithuania's interest groups. On the other hand, the article lists structural, institutional & perceptive factors that move the Lithuanian interest community in the opposite direction. Adapted from the source document.

Fundamental changes in public sector institutions management of the last few decades, related to the new public management and the principles of good governance, conditioned a need for an accounting reform in public finance (Brusca, Montesinos, 2010). When these reforms started governments had to move to accounting management based on the principle of accrual and prepare financial reports that: 1)give more precise information, 2) provide basis for financial situation analysis and evaluation of public sector subjects, 3) create preconditions for comparison of financial situation analysis and financial results, 4) provide the users of financial reports with a possibility to make more effective decisions on the use and management of resources. [.]

Fundamental changes in public sector institutions management of the last few decades, related to the new public management and the principles of good governance, conditioned a need for an accounting reform in public finance (Brusca, Montesinos, 2010). When these reforms started governments had to move to accounting management based on the principle of accrual and prepare financial reports that: 1)give more precise information, 2) provide basis for financial situation analysis and evaluation of public sector subjects, 3) create preconditions for comparison of financial situation analysis and financial results, 4) provide the users of financial reports with a possibility to make more effective decisions on the use and management of resources. [.]

Fundamental changes in public sector institutions management of the last few decades, related to the new public management and the principles of good governance, conditioned a need for an accounting reform in public finance (Brusca, Montesinos, 2010). When these reforms started governments had to move to accounting management based on the principle of accrual and prepare financial reports that: 1)give more precise information, 2) provide basis for financial situation analysis and evaluation of public sector subjects, 3) create preconditions for comparison of financial situation analysis and financial results, 4) provide the users of financial reports with a possibility to make more effective decisions on the use and management of resources. [.]

Fundamental changes in public sector institutions management of the last few decades, related to the new public management and the principles of good governance, conditioned a need for an accounting reform in public finance (Brusca, Montesinos, 2010). When these reforms started governments had to move to accounting management based on the principle of accrual and prepare financial reports that: 1)give more precise information, 2) provide basis for financial situation analysis and evaluation of public sector subjects, 3) create preconditions for comparison of financial situation analysis and financial results, 4) provide the users of financial reports with a possibility to make more effective decisions on the use and management of resources. [.]