Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis paper explores the changing aid relationship between the European Union (EU) and Africa since the early 2000s, emphasising the existence of a paradox: on the one hand, the EU has been preoccupied with improving the quality of its aid; on the other hand, it has failed to fully take into account the voice of the recipients in the design of the Country Strategy Papers (CSPs). The failure to promote local ownership is due to the excessive preoccupation of the European Commission with showing that it is able to commit and spend money quickly and to the new emphasis on ensuring increased coordination and complementarity with the Member States, which results in a reduced space for negotiations with recipient countries. More controversial are the conclusions on the EU's contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Corporations and stock exchanges are considered the "heart of capitalism" because they are responsible for the creation of inventions, new technologies, and entire industries in the past two centuries, and thus, through their actions, have significantly supported technological and social progress. Since the second half of the 19th century, German corporations have played the role of a pillar of the German economy and Germany has become one of the most economically developed European countries. Despite its economic importance, the German corporate language, as a segment of Business German (German: Wirtschaftsdeutsch), has not been significantly researched. This corpus linguistics paper presents the results of diachronic research of multi-word expressions in the annual reports of corporations from the three most important DAX Prime Standard indices, created by the German Stock Exchange (German: Deutsche Börse) from Frankfurt am Main – DAX, MDAX, and S-DAX. The subject of the linguistic analysis is the annual reports of 11 German corporations for the fiscal years 1997 and 2022. The results of the analysis show changes in the lexicon in the German corporate language over the past 25 years and can be a stimulus for further corpus research in that area. The results of the research can also have pedagogical implications because they can be used to create various types of lexical exercises in Business German classes, which contain the latest vocabulary from that field.

Qualitative Forschung wird häufig wegen ihres Mangels an Güte kritisiert. Um diese Situation zu verbessern, werden in der Literatur Kriterien wie "trustworthiness", "dependability" und "reliability" diskutiert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Vorschläge zu dieser Debatte ausgehend von einer empirischen Untersuchung zu den Lernprozessen von australischen Farmern gemacht. An dieser Interviewstudie, die in drei Bundesstaaten durchgeführt wurde, waren Forschende unterschiedlicher Disziplinen beteiligt. Um die Güte/Validität zu gewährleisten, wurde von den Forschenden vor Durchführung der Interviews ein Konzept entwickelt, das im Projektverlauf mittels mehrerer Telekonferenzen sukzessive an neue, im Forschungsprozeß entstandene Probleme angepaßt wurde. Jedes Interview wurde von allen beteiligten Forscher(inne)n unabhängig von den anderen interpretiert, die Deutungsvorschläge wurden dann während eines gemeinsamen Workshops zusammengetragen. Aus den Daten entwickelte Kategorien und Konzepte wurden gemeinsam systematisiert mit dem Ziel eines verallgemeinerbaren Verständnisses der von den Farmern vollzogenen Lernprozesse. Das gesamte Prozedere bzw. seine Ergebnisse wurden durch folgende Gespräche mit den Interviewpartner(inne)n validiert, der Forschungsprozeß wurde ausführlich dokumentiert, um seine Nachvollziehbarkeit auch für Leser(inne)n/spätere Rezipient(inn)en der Studie sicherzustellen. Die Güte/Validität dieses Projekts zeigt sich also in der klaren Dokumentation des Forschungsprozesses, wie er von den einzelnen Forschenden und von dem gesamten Team (bei gemeinsamen Treffen usw.) vollzogen wurde. Insoweit bleibt das Verständnis des Lernprozesses der Farmer zwar von den Deutungen des Forschungsteams abhängig, und es obliegt den Lesenden, diesen Deutungen zu folgen oder nicht. Aber entlang der genauen Deskription des Prozesses ist es möglich, festzustellen und zu diskutieren, an welchen Stellen und aus welchen Gründen Deutungen geteilt oder zurückgewiesen werden.

AbstractMulti‐actor multi‐criteria analysis is a group decision‐making framework that allows multiple stakeholder groups to be involved in the decision‐making process, facilitating the understanding of the points of consensus and conflict among the stakeholder groups. Carefully selecting suitable criteria is important as they illustrate the possibly divergent priorities of the respective stakeholder group, and overlooking important criteria can lead to erroneous outcomes. Furthermore, the number of criteria needs specific consideration, as a too large number poses problems for human cognition, but a too small number inaccurately represents the stakeholder's interest. In stakeholder groups with many members, such as those representing citizens, defining a criteria set is likely to be even more complicated. Currently, there is no formal guideline to assist facilitators in defining these criteria sets. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for criteria preprocessing with stakeholder involvement that includes a guideline for firstly selecting criteria into a tentative list and secondly selecting the final criteria set. It provides a procedure on how to determine criteria considering the priorities of stakeholder groups with regard to the context. As a final step, we propose a mathematical model for selecting a number of criteria that are both cognitively manageable and representative for the participants' priorities. Based on the principles of the Pareto analysis, as well as the cognitive judgment theory "magic number seven plus or minus two", a recommendation list of the criteria is generated. It prevents key criteria from being omitted while at the same time limiting the overall number of criteria. This framework is applied to a social decision‐making case for construction logistics, and the results are compared with the conventional approach of criteria definition.

For the first time in its history, the American Political Science Association held its annual meeting in Seattle, Washington, bringing together more than 6,000 political scientists from all over the world for a variety of programmatic, networking, and social events. From September 1 to September 4, scholars gathered in the beautiful Pacific Northwest to explore an exciting program focused on the theme The Politics of Rights. The 2011 Annual Meeting Program Chairs Frances Hagopian, Harvard University, and Bonnie Honig, Northwestern University, developed a theme that asked "the discipline bring its empirical and normative lenses to reflect on the domestic, comparative, and international dimensions of the complex politics of rights."

Work carried out during the past year is described in the usual ICRC report.The 1968 Annual Report is divided as previously into two parts: practical, and general and permanent activities. The former deals with various countries and continents. Emphasis is laid on efforts made for victims in the Nigerian conflict and relief data showed their increasing extent. On the other hand, some of the specialist services, such as the Central Tracing Agency in Geneva, the International Tracing Service at Arolsen, the Medical Personnel and War Disablement Sections have continued to be particularly active. One has only to quote the Central Agency which in 1968 received 54,783 communications and sent out 54,227 items, a considerable increase in volume in comparison with the previous year.